"Leej twg nyeem phau ntawv tswj hwm cov neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm comics"

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Thaum qhib lub 32nd Moscow International Phau Ntawv Ncaj Ncees, tham txog keeb kwm cov phau ntawv, Minister of Culture ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation Vladimir Medinsky thuam comics, sau tseg tias cov comic yog tsom rau cov menyuam yaus uas nyuam qhuav kawm nyeem, tab sis zoo li kuv. squalor rau cov neeg laus nyeem comics”…

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis, qhov no tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham sib tham. Peb cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau sau ntau zaus txog kev kos duab ntawm comics thiab sau lawv, yog li peb nug tus thawj coj ib lo lus nug, teb rau qhov nws tau sau tag nrho cov ntawv.

Tsis ntev los no, ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam tau nthuav tawm zaj dab neeg comic "Heroes thiab Minister of Culture" - ib hom kev lom zem "lus teb" rau ib qho ntawm kuv cov lus hais, tau hais nyob rau hauv qhov qhib ntawm Moscow International Book Fair. Heev flattered los ntawm no kos npe rau ntawm mloog. Tab sis, vim hais tias nws tsis yog hais txog comics thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, tab sis hais txog kev qhia keeb kwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv nrog kev pab ntawm comics, Kuv xav nyob ntawm seb comic yog dab tsi, vim li cas qee cov neeg xav tias comics yog rau cov neeg phem. (kom deb li deb) paub yuav ua li cas nyeem yog vim li cas tsis muaj dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm nrog kev txaus siab rau hom ntawv no thiab sau cov comics. Thiab ib zaug ntxiv los teb tib lo lus nug uas tau hnov ntawm phau ntawv ncaj ncees: nws puas tuaj yeem kawm keeb kwm los ntawm comics?

Thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yam hauv Asmeskas thawj zaug, Bears thiab Tiger, ntseeg tau tias tau luam tawm xyoo 1892 hauv San Francisco Examiner. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb pom lub hauv paus ntawm comics raws li ib hom ntawv sib cais hauv Maya cov duab kos, thiab hauv cov neeg Nyij Pooj nruab nrab "cov dab neeg hauv cov duab" - yav tom ntej manga, thiab hauv European nom tswv caricature ntawm niaj hnub era.

Ua ntej lub advent ntawm "tiag" American comics, hom no tsim nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev, nrog ib tug ntau ntawm cov zoo sib xws thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm lub teb chaws yam ntxwv.

Los ntawm txoj kev, los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial, cov duab qhia txog txhua yam ntawm cov phiaj xwm hauv txoj kev loj hlob kuj tau nrov nrog peb. Piv txwv li, "sab ntsuj plig" dab neeg nyob rau hauv cov duab muaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev nyob rau hauv lub Kiev-Pechersk Lavra (nyob rau hauv no hais txog, kuv tsis suav nrog hais tias sim tshaj tawm cov poj koob yawm txwv lub tsev ntawm comics Ukraine los ntawm Kiev cov kws tshawb fawb twb tau ua).

Lub tsev teev ntuj daim ntawv qhia hnub tau nrov nrog peb, muaj "infographics" txog thaum twg cov neeg dawb huv yuav tsum thov Vajtswv, txhua yam ntawm cov dab neeg txog txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab dab. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov duab hauv ntiaj teb-luboks pib tshwm sim - nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej hauv ntiaj teb, kev tsim kho lossis cov ntawv nyeem lom zem. Qee lub sij hawm lawv hloov mus rau hauv xov xwm, hloov cov ntawv xov xwm zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, lub ntsiab lus tau meej txawm rau cov neeg uas nyeem tsis tau. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, lawv tau kawm txog cov xwm txheej hauv kev nom kev tswv thiab tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws sau ntawv, tau kawg, tau ua cov dab neeg kom lawv nkag siab rau cov neeg tsis paub ntawv.

Tom qab xyoo 1917, tsoomfwv tshiab tau txuas ntxiv ua kom zoo dua ntawm "kev tshaj tawm nrov". Ib txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws tau ua haujlwm hauv kev tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Civil ("Windows ROSTA") thiab txawm tias Tsov Rog Loj Loj ("Windows TASS").

Tab sis dhau sij hawm, cov neeg tuaj saib lub hom phiaj ntawm "cov dab neeg hauv cov duab" hauv peb lub tebchaws tau hloov pauv. Kev sib tw los tshem tawm kev nyeem ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg hauv USSR tau coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias cov menyuam yaus tau los ua tus neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab nrog cov ntawv. Nco ntsoov cov primer lossis, kom meej meej, cov ntawv xov xwm "Funny Pictures". Tus me nyuam, loj hlob tuaj, tsiv mus rau "qhov hnyav dua" magazine "Murzilka" (raws li kuv nco qab tam sim no: Kuv tau nyeem thiab saib cov kev lom zem ntawm Yabeda-Koryabeda thaum muaj xya xyoo), ces mus rau cov ntawv nyeem yuav luag "Pioneer", as well as "Young technology", "Young naturalist" Thiab cov zoo li, nyob rau hauv uas cov duab tsuas yog xov tooj cua circuits thiab illustrations ntawm achievements ntawm Soviet science thiab technology.

Phau ntawv comic classic, ib qho uas tau tshwm sim hauv North American xeev thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tau hloov mus rau nws tus kheej, txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb. Los ntawm ib txoj hauv kev kom nyiam cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws uas tsis paub lus Askiv zoo, nws tau los ua qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, ib yam ntawm cov kab lis kev cai nrov. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua ntej lub era ntawm TV. "Comics 'coj' nruab nrab American tsev neeg los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam, tsim ib tug ruaj khov 'thav duab ntawm kev siv' thiab ideological norms," - hais cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm qhov tshwm sim.

Txawm hais tias lub tswv yim ntawm "comics" tshwm sim los ntawm lus Askiv comic - " funny ", dhau sij hawm, feem ntau American comics tau poob lawv cov thawj comic, taug txuj kev nyuaj, fantasy, ntshai heev thiab lwm yam tau dhau los ua lawv hom. Superman tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1938, thiab tom qab ntawd kaum ob ntawm lwm tus superheroes, los ntawm Captain America mus rau Batman, los ntawm Iron Man mus rau Kab laug sab-txiv neej. Ntxiv rau lawv tus kheej txoj cai: thaum lub sijhawm xaiv tsa kev xaiv tsa, Asmeskas tus phab ej cawm cov neeg sib tw "txoj cai" thiab swb cov "tsis raug". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg Asmeskas nruab nrab siv nws lub neej tag nrho hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm tib tus phab ej - thiab lwm yam los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. "Cov cim no cuam tshuam nrog nws qhov kev nco thaum yau, lawv yog nws cov phooj ywg qub. Dhau nrog nws los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, kev kub ntxhov, kev hloov pauv txoj haujlwm, kev sib nrauj, cov cim hauv phau ntawv comic tig los ua cov ntsiab lus ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub neej. " Cov comic tau dhau los ua ib qho khoom sau thiab tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb txog nws. Ib tug neeg nyiam sau npib, ib tug neeg - nyiaj muas, ib tug neeg - comics. Qhov ib txwm muaj.

Niaj hnub no cov keeb kwm ntawm comics raws li kev coj noj coj ua tshwm sim tau raug kawm, cov ntawv pov thawj tau raug tiv thaiv rau lawv, cov kws tshawb fawb tau qhia cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab kev sib tham txog kev tshawb fawb. Piv txwv li, txawm tias cov ntawv nyeem yog creolized, isoverbal lossis polycode siv hauv comics.

Tab sis cia peb tawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm huab hwm coj kab lis kev cai thiab nws cov cawv ntawm kev nco qab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, thiab kev sau - txaus siab. Cia peb sim teb cov lus nug luv luv: vim li cas koj tsis tuaj yeem kawm keeb kwm los ntawm comics? Vim li cas peb tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv comics ntawm Pushkin, Dostoevsky thiab Tolstoy?

Niaj hnub no hauv cov neeg xa xov nrov muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los pab qhia lub tswv yim, xim nws lub siab - nrog kev pab ntawm "gifs", "smiles" thiab lwm yam duab. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tseem yog cov ntawv thiab cov lus. Yog li phau ntawv, cov ntawv sau sib txuas, tseem nyob thiab, kuv vam tias, yuav nyob twj ywm hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm peb txoj kev paub. Tab sis phau ntawv tsis yog tsuas yog "qhov chaw ntawm kev paub". Cov phau ntawv tsim kev xav thiab kev xav ntau yam zoo dua li npaj cov lus piav qhia lossis cov ntaub ntawv video, pom tias muaj kev ntxhov siab me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, txhua phau ntawv, txawm tias lub teeb, lom zem, txhim kho kev xav, kev xav, kev muaj tswv yim zoo dua li cov duab lossis yees duab. Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho.

Kev nyeem ntawv raws li tus txheej txheem tsis yog kev cob qhia rau kev xav xwb. Kev nyeem ntawv hnyav yog kev ua haujlwm, ib tus yuav hais tias, lub zog rau lub hlwb. Nco ntsoov tus cunning Tyrion, tus phab ej ntawm "Kev Ua Si ntawm Thrones", uas tsis tau koom nrog cov phau ntawv ntawm kev sib tw. Jon Snow nug nws thaum nres: “Vim li cas koj nyeem ntau heev? Vim li cas koj xav tau nws?" "Kuv tus tij laug yog ib tug tub rog, nws riam phom yog ntaj," Tyrion teb nws. - Kuv qhov riam phom tseem ceeb yog lub hlwb. Kev nyeem ntawv sharpens nws, qhov no yog kev cob qhia zoo tshaj plaws rau kuv riam phom."

Kev cob qhia nrog comics - tsis muaj kev ua phem rau leej twg - tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab kev kawm rau cov neeg laus lub hlwb. Hloov chaw, nws yog ib qho kev tawm dag zog lub cev zoo rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo hauv qib thawj tsis yog siv hauv tsev kawm qib siab. Ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv nrog "Funny Pictures" thiab tus primer nyob rau hauv nws txhais caj npab khiav txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis meej los ntawm lwm tus. Tab sis qhov no - kuv yuav hais txog - yog kuv tus kheej kev xav.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho ntxiv tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm hom, uas feem ntau qhia txog cov lus thiab kev xav ntawm cov cim. Nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua phau ntawv comic, tus cwj pwm tau txais kev ntsuam xyuas tsis meej: zoo tiv thaiv phem, hero tiv thaiv neeg phem. Tab sis txhua tus keeb kwm yav dhau los (lossis tus phab ej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv classical), txhua qhov xwm txheej keeb kwm tsis qiv nws tus kheej rau lub computer logic, los yog, hauv cov lus ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, mus rau binary system los piav txog qhov kev muaj tiag nyob ib puag ncig. Nyeem cov phau ntawv, kawm cov peev txheej, peb tsim cov duab voluminous ntawm tus kheej, cov xwm txheej, peb xav txog, txheeb xyuas, sim muab peb tus kheej - yog, cov ntsiab lus, tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig - kev ntsuas. Nws yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom hais xws li ib tug nyuaj to taub nyob rau hauv comics, ntau precisely, nws yuav tsis yog ib tug comic strip tag nrho, tab sis ib co lwm yam kos duab. Cov comic classic yog muaj lossis tsis yog, dub lossis dawb. Zoo li no.

Cov comics muaj ntau tus neeg txhawb siab thiab ntau tus neeg tawm tsam. Qhov stupidest tshaj plaws yog mus dag txwv lawv los yog txhawb lawv li artificially. Txawm li cas los xij, cia peb nyeem cov ntawv. Nws paub tias leej twg nyeem phau ntawv yeej ib txwm tswj cov neeg saib TV. Ib yam li ntawd, cov uas tsim cov comics yeej ib txwm tswj cov neeg haus lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob hnov qab txog ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov dab neeg nto moo los ntawm George Orwell: "Leej twg tswj koj cov lus tswj koj txoj kev xav."