Landfill Gas Hluav Taws Xob - Swedish Technology hauv Russia

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, noob neej tau ntsib teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, thiab ntau txhiab xyoo tau nrhiav txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem no.

Cov pioneers yog cov neeg Nyij Pooj, uas pib siv thev naus laus zis los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev pov tseg pov tseg hauv xyoo pua 11th. Cov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas zoo tshaj plaws thiab niaj hnub tsim thev naus laus zis tau tso cai rau cov neeg Nyij Pooj los daws qhov "cov teeb meem khib nyiab" los ntawm 90%. Teb chaws Europe pib rau txoj kev ntawm technology nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th.

Lub siab xav ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub los khaws kev ncaj ncees ntawm ib puag ncig rau cov tiam tom ntej tau hloov tus cwj pwm ntawm kev noj. Ntau thiab ntau tus neeg xaiv "khoom siv qis" raws li lawv cov lus qhia. Nyob rau theem siab tshaj plaws ntawm tsoomfwv, cov teeb meem ntawm kev txuag ib puag ncig, kev ua kom muaj nuj nqis thiab kev pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg raug tsa. Cov kev paub siv hauv ntiaj teb no qhia tau hais tias tib neeg tau dhau los ua tsis tau tsuas yog pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg xwb, tab sis siv cov khib nyiab uas tau khaws cia rau ntau xyoo los tsim hluav taws xob thiab tseem qhia cov kab mob kom txo tau cov yas.

Rov qab rau xyoo 2000s, kuv cov neeg koom tes thiab kuv, thaum mus ncig rau cov teb chaws Europe, tau saib xyuas lawv li cas lawv npaj cov khib nyiab. Cov xov xwm ntau thiab ntau dua nyeem cov lus hais txog qhov tseeb tias nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom siv thiab txawm tias hluav taws xob los ntawm pov tseg. Thiab tom qab ntawd peb tig mus rau sab nyiaj txiag ntawm qhov teeb meem, nws muab tawm tias qhov no yog kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nyob rau hauv Russia 10 xyoo dhau los, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev tswj cov pov tseg yog kev khiav tawm ntawm spontaneous dumps thiab kev hloov mus rau lub civilization ntawm ntu no. Peb, raws li cov neeg ua lag luam, nkag siab tias txhua tus tau xav txog yuav ua li cas faus cov khib nyiab (= nyiaj), thiab qhov no yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm txoj hauv kev.

Niaj hnub no, kwv yees li 85% ntawm tag nrho cov pov tseg tau rov ua dua hauv Schengen lub teb chaws. Tus thawj coj yog Sweden, uas tsis yog tsuas yog rov ua dua 100% ntawm cov pov tseg, tab sis kuj yuav cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws rau kev ua hluav taws xob ntxiv.

Peb cov neeg zej zog tau tswj kom ua tiav cov kev ntsuas no los ntawm kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm lub xeev thiab kev lag luam los tsim kom muaj tag nrho cov ecosystem nyob rau hauv lub xeev, muaj cov chaw tsim khoom rau ntau lub hom phiaj, kev txheeb xyuas cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov neeg nyob hauv cov kab lis kev cai ntawm kev tswj cov khib nyiab tau ntau xyoo lawm..

Environmental engineering yog ib txheej ntawm lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom kom txo qis kev puas tsuaj hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus txhais tau txais nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no sectoral scientific zej zog. Cov ntu no tau teeb tsa li cas hauv Tebchaws Europe niaj hnub no?

Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, eco-engineering yog cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum ua tiav tib lub voj voog raws li peb txhua tus paub txog lub voj voog dej hauv qhov xwm txheej, uas yog: cov khoom tsim - siv - pov tseg - txheeb - ua tiav - lwm cov khoom tsim tawm.

Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib tug system ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub xeev, lub scientific zej zog, private lag luam thiab pej xeem. Txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom - kev tswj hwm kev pov tseg, kev txheeb xyuas thiab chaw ua haujlwm, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom los ntawm cov khoom siv thib ob, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, yog cov neeg ua lag luam uas tseem, koom tes nrog kev tshawb fawb hauv zej zog, txhim kho cov kev siv thev naus laus zis. Cov pej xeem thiab cov lag luam ntawm lwm cov kev lag luam yog ob qho tib si cov neeg tsim khoom pov tseg thiab, tej zaum, cov neeg koom tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv cov khoom pov tseg. Lub xeev, thawj zaug, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhawb nqa kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm eco-engineering system, suav nrog kev tsim cov huab cua zoo peev. Qhov thib ob, lub xeev yog tus tswj hwm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev cai lij choj hauv kev ua lag luam thiab ntawm cov neeg koom.

Lub voj voog no yog txheej txheem kev lag luam nkaus xwb. Raws li cov lus xaus ntawm European Commission, kev lag luam kev lag luam raws li kev siv ntau yam khoom pov tseg tso cai rau koj txuag nyiaj ntau yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig.

Lub Netherlands tau ua qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag hauv kev tswj cov khib nyiab 10 xyoo dhau los. Niaj hnub no tsuas yog 5% ntawm cov pov tseg raug xa mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg. Lub xeev yuav tsum dhau los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim kho cov pov tseg pov tseg thiab rov ua dua tshiab, txij li cov teeb meem pov tseg hauv lub tebchaws tau mus txog qhov tseem ceeb - tsuas yog tsis muaj chaw seem rau qhov chaw pov tseg tshiab. Thiab cov uas yog, tau ua phem rau ib puag ncig, suav nrog cov pa taws los ntawm cov pa hauv av. Thaj chaw ntawm Netherlands - 41,5 txhiab sq. km, uas yog lub tsev rau 17,5 lab tus tib neeg. Rau kev sib piv, thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Ryazan yog 40 txhiab square meters. km, uas me ntsis ntau tshaj 1,1 lab tus tib neeg nyob.

Kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm reclamation thiab degassing (Multriwell) ntawm cov chaw pov tseg uas tsim los ntawm lawv tau ua kom rov qab tau cov av uas yav tas los siv rau cov chaw pov tseg rau hauv kev ncig thiab kev txhim kho ntxiv rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tib neeg lub neej - kev lom zem thiab kev ua kis las chaw ua si, kev ntaus golf, txawm tias kev tsim kho vaj tse. kev sib hais haum, tag nrho cov no tau ua tau tom qab ob peb xyoos tom qab kaw qhov chaw pov tseg.

Nws tau siv lub tebchaws me me no nyob sab Europe txog 30 xyoo los tsim ib qho chaw ecosystem. Niaj hnub no, kev lag luam rov ua dua tshiab hauv Netherlands yog tag nrho ntawm tus kheej tes, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm tas li thiab ze ntawm lub xeev, cov neeg sawv cev tuaj nrog cov tshev yuav luag txhua lub lim tiam. Tag nrho cov tuam txhab kev lag luam pov tseg, thiab muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm ib lub xeev me, yog qhov qhib thiab pob tshab.

Russia twb tau pib rau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev nco qab noj thiab hloov kho cov qauv kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv kev cuam tshuam rau kev pov tseg. Yog lawm, kev tsim kho cov nroj tsuag pov tseg thiab kev qhia txog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev tuav cov khoom pov tseg, uas yog tsis yooj yim sua hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, yuav tsum tau tsim.

Thiab kuv cov neeg koom tes thiab kuv tau los ua cov tho kev. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd rau peb tus kheej thiab peb lub lag luam yav tom ntej - peb xav tsim ib lub tuam txhab uas yuav muaj nyob hauv kev sib koom tes ntawm eco-engineering technologies. Qhov ntawd yog li cas peb lub nkoj tau muaj npe - Lub Chaw rau Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob.

Tom qab dhau los ua cov neeg khiav dej num ntawm Yadrovo qhov chaw pov tseg, peb tau tsim ntawm qhov chaw "showroom" ntawm tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis uas peb tau paub: reclamation, sealing thiab degassing ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev tsim hluav taws xob.

Ua tsaug rau peb cov npoj yaig Dutch, uas ib zaug tsim cov thev naus laus zis degassing, niaj hnub no hauv cheeb tsam Volokolamsk, ua tiav kev huv huv thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev sib kis tau raug lees paub rau cov neeg nyob ze cov chaw nyob ze thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm pov tseg. Qhov no yog thawj qhov piv txwv loj ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv tebchaws Russia.

Cov theem tswv yim tom ntej yog kev qhia txog Swedish thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm cov pa roj av. Qhov ntim ntawm cov roj av pov tseg uas peb tau txais los ntawm 5 hectares ntawm qhov pov tseg hauv lub xyoo yuav txaus los muab hluav taws xob rau kev sib haum xeeb txog li 2000 tus neeg nyob. Yog li, peb dhau los ua cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia lwm qhov chaw hluav taws xob hauv Russia. Thiab nrog qhov xwm txheej no peb kaw lub voj voog ecological. Txij li thaum peb cov hluav taws xob mus rau cov tsev ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam Moscow lossis rau cov lag luam, peb tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog ib lub tuam txhab tsim eco-engineering hauv Russia.

Tau kawg, txog tam sim no cov no yog cov xwm txheej cais rau kev lag luam. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm Lavxias teb sab landfills tawm ntau xav tau. Txhawm rau pab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rov ua dua ntawm cov kev coj ua zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub xeev los tsim cov hom phiaj rau kev tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg cia thiab rov ua dua cov pov tseg thiab ua kom pom tseeb ntawm lawv cov kev siv hauv av. Kev ua tiav thaum ntxov ntawm lub ntiaj teb eco-engineering qauv yuav ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tsim cov qauv kev lag luam tshiab, nrog rau tsim cov haujlwm tshiab.