Kev puas tsuaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tsev Kawm Ntawv: Los ntawm Hitler mus rau Liberals

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nws txaus los nyeem cov xov xwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv lub neej nyob rau hauv ib hnub, Cuaj Hlis 24, 2019: kev tua neeg ntawm tsev kawm ntawv raug tiv thaiv hauv Kirov; Hauv cheeb tsam Leningrad, cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau raug ntaus cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm tau ntau xyoo ua ke, thiab cov thawj coj hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov niam txiv tsis tuaj yeem ua dab tsi txog nws.

Hitler thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias

Cov Nazis sim rhuav tshem lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub xeev Soviet thiab tib neeg. Cov tub rog-kev nom kev tswv cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm peb Reich zoo kawg nkaus to taub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias. Yog tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev kawm, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom rhuav tshem Lavxias teb sab (Soviet) lub xeev thiab tig cov neeg mus rau untermensch-subhumans.

Cia peb muab cov excerpts los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv stenographic ntawm Hitler cov lus raws li phau ntawv los ntawm V. I. Dashichev "Kev Txhaum Cai ntawm Lub Tswv Yim ntawm German Fascism: Keeb Kwm Essays, Cov Ntaub Ntawv, Cov Ntaub Ntawv" (Moscow: Nauka, 1973). Adolf Hitler, Lub Peb Hlis 1942:

"Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov kws qhia ntawv hauv German yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cai mus rau thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj. Txwv tsis pub, peb yuav plam tsis tau tsuas yog cov me nyuam xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov niam txiv. Peb yuav plam tag nrho cov neeg. Rau qhov peb rauj rau hauv lawv lub taub hau yuav tsis siv rau lawv. Nws yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj los qhia lawv kom nkag siab tsuas yog cov lus ntawm cov cim thiab cov cim. Hauv xov tooj cua, cov pej xeem yuav nthuav tawm yam uas lawv tau txais: suab paj nruag yam tsis muaj kev txwv. Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem lawv yuav tsum raug tso cai rau kev puas siab puas ntsws. Peb yeej tsis tuaj yeem zam tej yam luam tawm."

Hitler, Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1942: “Yog tias cov neeg Lavxias, Ukrainians, Kyrgyz thiab lwm tus kawm nyeem thiab sau ntawv, nws tsuas yog ua rau peb mob. Rau cov txuj ci zoo li no yuav ua rau cov neeg muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws kom tau txais qee yam kev paub hauv keeb kwm thiab, yog li ntawd, tuaj rau kev xav txog kev nom kev tswv, qhov ntug ntawm qhov uas yuav raug coj los tawm tsam peb. … Nws yog qhov ntse dua rau kev teeb tsa lub suab nrov hauv txhua lub zos kom qhia rau tib neeg txog xov xwm thiab muab zaub mov rau kev sib tham; nws yog qhov zoo dua li tso cai rau lawv tus kheej los kawm txog kev nom kev tswv, kev tshawb fawb, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Thiab cia nws tsis txhob tshwm sim rau leej twg kom xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm yav dhau los rau cov neeg kov yeej los ntawm xov tooj cua. Koj yuav tsum hloov suab paj nruag thiab ntau suab paj nruag! Rau cov suab paj nruag zoo siab txhawb siab rau kev ua haujlwm. Thiab yog tias tib neeg tuaj yeem ua las voos ntau, ces qhov ntawd ib yam nkaus … yuav tsum tau txais tos."

Yog li ntawd, German invaders xav tawm hauv lub Soviet cov neeg tsuas yog suab paj nruag tsis muaj kev txwv, seev cev thiab kev lom zem. Kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev nom kev tswv, kev tshawb fawb thiab lwm yam kev paub, lej thiab keeb kwm raug cais tawm.

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hauv paus

Nyob rau xyoo 1920, tom qab 1917 kiv puag ncig thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, Soviet Russia kuj "sim" thiab "rov tsim" lub tsev kawm ntawv ntau heev, nrhiav nws lub ntsej muag tshiab, txawv ntawm lub sij hawm tsarist. Nws tuaj rau kev tshem tawm ntawm keeb kwm, thaj chaw thiab cov ntaub ntawv; Alexander Nevsky thiab Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan the Terrible thiab Alexander III, Alexander Pushkin thiab Mikhail Lermontov, Fyodor Dostoevsky thiab Leo Tolstoy raug tshem tawm ntawm txoj kev kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub 30s, thaum lub sij hawm Stalinist "kev tawm tsam", thaum lub luag hauj lwm tshwm sim ntawm industrialization nyob rau hauv ib tug ua liaj ua teb-neeg ua teb lub teb chaws, tsim ntawm advanced science thiab kev kawm ntawv, muab kev tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm thiab ib tug leap mus rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub USSR. tam sim ntawd rov nco txog cov kev paub ntawm tsarist cov qauv sau ntawv cov tsev kawm ntawv, kev kawm classical ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Lawv pib siv cov kev pab cuam thiab cov phau ntawv kawm ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws. Tsuas yog lub tsev kawm ntawv tau dhau los ua pawg, kev kawm - universal.

Qhov tshwm sim tau zoo heev! Lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet tau dhau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb! Xyoo 1960, D. Kennedy hais tias:

"Soviet kev kawm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lub USSR yeej qhov chaw sib tw rau lub tsev kawm ntawv lub rooj."

Cov lus xaus ntawm NATO Txoj Cai Luv luv ntawm Kev Kawm hauv USSR (1959) suav nrog cov kev xav hauv qab no:

"Cov xeev, ywj pheej sib tw nrog USSR, nkim lawv lub zog thiab cov peev txheej hauv kev sim ua kom poob mus rau qhov tsis ua tiav. Yog hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus tas li invent txoj kev superior rau cov USSR, nws yog tsim nyog xav txog kev qiv thiab adapting Soviet txoj kev."

Thaum lub sij hawm Khrushchev lub "perestroika" thiab tom qab ntawd, lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet poob ntau heev. Tshwj xeeb, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm rau kev kawm raug tshem tawm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tau ntsuas qhov "ua haujlwm" ntawm idlers thiab parasites. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias txhua qhov yuam kev, lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet tseem yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb (los yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nyob ntawm seb koj ntsuas li cas). Nws tau tsim lub hauv paus muaj tswv yim zoo, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov neeg. Yog li, raws li UNESCO, nyob rau hauv 1991 (lub xyoo ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet faj tim teb chaws) Russia ranked peb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no qeb duas nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev kawm.

Ces "reformers" thiab "optimizers" - destroyers - mus txog lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias teb sab. Lub "reform" ntawm kev kawm pib. Lawv tau qhia txog Bologna system, Unified State Examination, Basic State Exam, All-Lavxias Testing Work (VPR), "kev ua si" cov ntsiab lus, thiab lwm yam. tawg, crippling general system tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv particular, lub zog ntawm ethnocultural Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws republics (lus, keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai), qhia kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, kev sib deev kev kawm, psychology, tsev neeg kev tshawb fawb, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, kev yaig ntawm cov kev pab cuam hauv paus yog tas li nce. Tam sim no peb nyob rau hauv kaum peb los ntawm theem ntawm kev kawm thiab kev degradation txuas ntxiv!

Txhim kho cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kev xeem zaum kawg hauv tsev kawm ntawv mus rau theem ntawm kev nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, "reformers" tau ua rau ob lub zog muaj zog ib zaug. Ua ntej, tus kws qhia ntawv raug tsis lees paub kev ntseeg siab. Tam sim no cov kws qhia ntawv ib nrab kev txom nyem, nws hloov tawm, tau dhau los ua "cov thawj coj tsis ncaj ncees" hauv lub tebchaws (lawv twb txwv cov khoom qab zib thiab paj). Cov kws qhia ntawv tau tawg, qhov kev zov me nyuam tau pib ua tiav, thiab tam sim no lawv tsuas yog "qhia" cov tub ntxhais kawm kom dhau lub xeev kev xeem, VLT, vim ntau nyob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tsis yog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, tab sis kuj rau cov kws qhia ntawv. Qhov thib ob, rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab lawv niam lawv txiv tam sim no qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm yog dab tsi yuav nyob rau hauv qhov kev xeem zaum kawg, thiab tsis yog ib qho kev kawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus yooj yim. Tsis yog qhov tau txais cov kev paub tseem ceeb los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, tsis yog tsim cov kev xav hauv lawv, tsis yog kev txhim kho cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab lawv cov kev coj ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb. Cov txiaj ntsig tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj, qib ntawm cov kev paub yooj yim ntawm cov neeg thov tau poob qis. Qib ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab tau poob rau feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm npaj tsis zoo hauv cov tsev kawm theem nrab.

Yog li, los ntawm lub siab nyiam ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj tawm sab hnub poob "cov neeg tseem ceeb", "reformers", tau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj thiab kev tsis zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Tsis ntev dhau los, cov seem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet kawg yuav raug tua, thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm theem ntawm kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv loj (cov "cov neeg tseem ceeb" muaj nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab txawv teb chaws) peb yuav tog mus rau theem ntawm lub qub colonies. ntawm sab hnub poob hauv Africa. Thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev kawm yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub teb chaws. Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm science, kev cob qhia systems rau kev lag luam thiab kev tiv thaiv. Tsis ntev los no lub tebchaws yuav ntsib txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tshem tawm kev nyeem ntawv tsis zoo, zoo li Bolsheviks tom qab kev hloov pauv thiab kev kub ntxhov.

Kev yeej rau "kev ywj pheej" thiab "kev ua siab ntev" hauv tsev kawm ntawv

Kuv nco qab tias ua ntej, thaum peb saib cov yeeb yaj kiab sab hnub poob txog lub tsev kawm ntawv, peb xav tsis thoob ntawm theem kev ua phem thiab kev tsis txaus siab nyob ntawd. Kev lag luam yeeb tshuaj, tub sab nyiag, tub sab, kev sib deev thiab kev sib ntaus yog yam uas cov tub ntxhais kawm ua tsis yog kawm. Ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntsiab lus no yog "Tus Thawj Coj" nrog D. Belushi hauv lub luag haujlwm lub luag haujlwm (1987), qhov twg tus phab ej tau tawm tsam cov tub ntxhais hluas. Lossis "Tsuas yog qhov Strongest" (1993) nrog M. Dacascos hauv lub luag haujlwm lub luag haujlwm. Ntawm no, ib tug qub tub rog dhau los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm nws lub tsev kawm ntawv qub thiab sim cawm cov me nyuam muaj teeb meem los ntawm kev ua phem thiab kev siv yeeb tshuaj los ntawm kev kawm txog kev ua yeeb yam (Brazilian capoeira). Nws kuj ntsib ib tug yeeb tshuaj mafia nrog txoj haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv.

Yav dhau los, kev tua neeg tua neeg thiab tua neeg hauv tsev kawm ntawv Asmeskas tau xav tsis thoob. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj sijhawm ntau dhau lawm, thiab cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau dhau los ua ib qho chaw hauv peb cov tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2018, hauv nroog Buryatia, Ulan-Ude, tus tub ntxhais kawm qib 9 tau tawg mus rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog rab phom thiab Molotov cocktail, ua rau ntau tus neeg raug mob. Nyob rau tib lub hlis, ob tug tub hluas nrog riam tau tawm tsam lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv Perm, 15 tus neeg raug mob. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2018, muaj kev tua neeg ntawm Kerch Polytechnic College (21 tus neeg tuag, 67 tus raug mob). Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2019, ib tug tub kawm ntawv uas muaj rab hneev tau tawm tsam lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv Volsk (cheeb tsam Saratov). Thiab tej xwm txheej zoo li no twb dhau los ua tus qauv. Licentiousness thiab permissiveness yeej. Muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv, cov tub kawm ntawv ntawm cov xib fwb. Txawm tias tua neeg, tsis hais rape thiab beatings. Cov tub ntxhais kawm, siv qhov zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab tsis muaj hwj chim ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv, kev coj noj coj ua hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv "kev cai ywj pheej" tshiab, kev yeej ntawm kev ua tiav "kev ua siab ntev" thiab tib neeg", kev foom phem, thuam cov neeg laus thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis muaj zog.

Nyob rau xyoo 1990-2000s, cov "democratizers" tau qhia txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm "menyuam yaus txoj cai" thiab muab cov kev xav qub uas tsim los ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab txoj cai upside down. Tom qab ntawd lub "digital ntiaj teb" tau txuas nrog, thaum cov neeg uas xav txog lawv tus kheej ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm tua cov yeeb yaj kiab tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab tso tawm rau hauv kev sib tham. Thiab ces "tib neeg txoj cai activists" thiab "bloggers" yuav ncuav kerosene rau hauv hluav taws, ua ib tug ntxhw tawm ntawm ya. Yav dhau los, tus kws qhia lossis tus thawj coj tuaj yeem muab tso rau qhov kev thab plaub novice (tejzaum nws yog ib tug neeg ua txhaum cai) nrog lub suab qw yooj yim, muab tso rau hauv ib lub ces kaum, ntaus lub taub hau lossis taw tes, thiab tom qab ntawd cov qias neeg qias neeg kuj yuav nyob hauv tsev. Hauv qab ntawm qhov xwm txheej, qhov no yog tus qauv hauv zej zog ib txwm muaj thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev phem ntau dua. Kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov kev xav zoo thiab cov cuab yeej pov thawj los tawm tsam cov xwm txheej xws li hu cov niam txiv mus kawm ntawv, xa ntawv mus rau niam txiv qhov chaw ua haujlwm, tshem tawm tsev kawm ntawv, chav tub ceev xwm rau menyuam yaus, tsev kawm tshwj xeeb rau kev nyuaj, thiab lwm yam..

Tam sim no qhov opposite yog qhov tseeb. Raws li kev ntxhov siab los ntawm Western tib neeg txoj cai cov koom haum, tag nrho "liberalization" tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet. Cov kev cia siab tag nrho ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm tus menyuam tau raug tsim. Rau kev sim txwv tsis pub muaj kev thab plaub, cov kws qhia ntawv yuav raug rau txhua yam kev hais lus phem thiab raug ncaws tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav pib ua txhaum cai, thiab kev ncaj ncees rau menyuam yaus yuav raug teeb tsa rau cov niam txiv uas sim siv nws txoj cai los tsa ntawm tsev, thiab tus menyuam yuav raug coj mus.

Yog li ntawd, cov thawj coj hauv tsev kawm ntawv, cov kws qhia ntawv, cov kws kho mob thiab cov thawj coj hauv nroog tub ceev xwm, thiab ntau tus niam txiv tau txav deb ntawm cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev tsis ncaj ncees, kev dag ntxias thiab kev ua phem, uas feem ntau ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum loj, tub sab, thiab kev ua phem.. Cov kws qhia ntawv, cov thawj xib fwb thiab lwm cov tub ceev xwm tau pib unsubscribe. Zam kom tsis txhob muaj qhov xwm txheej tsis meej, uas muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai. Tam sim no cov kws qhia ntawv tau qhia los ntawm Western txoj hauv kev kom "nrhiav txoj hauv kev rau tus menyuam." Cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws qhia kev sib raug zoo thiab cov kws kho mob hlwb tau tsim los "nrhiav ib txoj hauv kev". Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom rov qhia cov neeg uas twb lwj lawm xwb nrog kev zoo. Ordinary pedagogy, hauv paus ntsiab lus, tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no. Nws yog ua tsis tau.

Nrog rau kev tsim kev kub ntxhov hauv zej zog, cov tsev kawm ntawv twb tau nco txog lub tsev loj cuj. Lub laj kab, lub koob yees duab, kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev nkag mus tswj. Tab sis qhov no yog siv me ntsis. Tsuas yog ib qho kev ceeb toom ntawm kev poob qis hauv kev ua neej zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv Russia piv rau Soviet kev vam meej.

Peb tau txais dab tsi ntawm txoj kev tawm? Ua kom tiav kev qhuab qhia thiab kev txiav txim tom tsev kawm ntawv. Licentiousness, permissiveness thiab muaj peev xwm mus shirk los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Mat, haus luam yeeb thiab qaug cawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Cov me nyuam yau ntaus cov yau, siv lus phem, xa cov kws qhia ntawv "mus hla hav zoov." Cov dab neeg tsis tu ncua hauv xov xwm hais txog kev ntaus, kev ua phem, thiab kev tua neeg hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Muab rau hauv tus account lub degradation ntawm lub neej, muaj ntau thiab ntau cov me nyuam mob hlwb nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Thiab tsis muaj tsoom fwv rau lawv. Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau "cov hluas nyuaj". Tub ceev xwm muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 14 xyoos (feem ntau hnub nyoog qis dua 16) ua tsis tau dab tsi hlo li. Cov kws kho mob puas siab puas ntsws yuav lees paub lawv zoo thiab xa lawv rov qab mus kawm ntawv. Cov xib hwb kaw lawv lub qhov muag. Cov thawj coj hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsis tuaj yeem ntiab "dub yaj" tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Cov niam txiv cem lub tsev kawm ntawv, lawv hais tias, lawv them nyiaj, cia lawv kawm.

Tsis muaj kev txiav txim hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tsis muaj kev kawm ib txwm muaj. Qhov tshwm sim yog tag nrho moronization thiab degradation ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm tib neeg.

Yuav ua li cas

Lub hauv paus yog vim li cas rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias teb sab yog lub dominance ntawm liberal, pro-Western ideology nyob rau hauv Russia. Tag nrho kev lag luam ntawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg thiab kab lis kev cai. Peb lub teb chaws tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab hnub poob ntawm "tus nyuj kub" - cov neeg siv khoom noj uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau tus kheej thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb thiab tib neeg. Txhawm rau nres cov txheej txheem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum rov qab mus rau qhov qub txoj kev ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev vam meej. Nrog rau dominance ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm lub siab thiab kev ncaj ncees.

Tsis tas yuav rov tsim kho lub log, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau classical Lavxias teb sab (Soviet) tsev kawm ntawv. Siv cov txheej txheem Soviet, cov kev pab cuam thiab cov phau ntawv, hloov lawv mus rau niaj hnub no. Lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Siv lub hauv paus no los tsim lub zej zog ntawm cov neeg tsim thiab cov tsim, thiab tsis yog cov qhev ntawm "digital concentration camp" li tam sim no. Nws tseem yog qhov tsim nyog los rov qab txiav txim siab thiab kev qhuab ntuas hauv tsev kawm ntawv, kom xaus "kev ua siab ntev" rau cov neeg phem, cov neeg phem thiab cov menyuam yaus uas tsis zoo.