Sulakadzev thiab keeb kwm ntawm "falsifications"

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lub npe no tau raug thuam thiab thuam ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo. Piv txwv li, V. P. Kozlov nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Secrets of Falsification":

Alexander Ivanovich Sulakadzev yog nto moo tshaj plaws domestic falsifier ntawm keeb kwm qhov chaw, uas nws "creativity" yog devoted rau ntau tshaj ib tug kaum os tshwj xeeb tej hauj lwm. Rau qhov no nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv hais tias nws yog tus tshaj plaws ambition manufacturers ntawm fakes. Yam tsawg kawg yog peb qhov xwm txheej muab peb lub hauv paus rau qhov kev txiav txim siab: qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tshaj tawm ntawm forgeries, lub peev xwm thiab "ib hom ntawv", lossis tshwj xeeb, ntau yam khoom uas tawm los ntawm nws tus cwj mem.

Lwm tus tau hais qhov kev xav no, thiab qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no tau lees paub.

Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, thaum kev sib tham txog lub runic tsab ntawv ntawm lub ancient Slavs tau mus ntev heev, cov ntsiab lus yog dav thiab qhib, muaj txaus followers thiab propagandists ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient Slavs, yuav tsum ncaj ncees, Kuv poob siab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas Wikipedia muab tawm lossis thawj kab hauv Is Taws Nem thaum koj nkag mus rau lub npe ntawm Alexander Ivanovich Sulakadzeva - lawv echo "tshis". Thiab ib tug me me ntawm cov neeg tab tom sim mus rau qhov tseeb, muab rau cov hauj lwm, kev tshawb fawb, pom ntawm Sulakadzev. Thiab yeej muaj ib yam dab tsi xav txog.

Piv txwv li:

Nyob rau hauv 1956, lub USSR tau muab ib lub thwj cim cim lub 225th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj balloon davhlau, koj puas xav tias nws yog ib qho kev tshwm sim? Kuv xav tias nws yog. Cov tshaj tawm ntseeg Sulakadzev thiab nws tsis yog lub khw ntiag tug uas tsim lub hom.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1900-1950, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb suav hais tias lub davhlau ntawm Kryakutny yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm keeb kwm tiag tiag, nws tau nquag txhawb nqa thaum lub sijhawm "kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cosmopolitanism" (late 1940s - thaum ntxov 1950s) nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, xinesmas thiab cov kab lis kev cai nrov.

Thiab qhov no yog qhov txuas uas tsis lees paub lub davhlau no, tk. Pom tau tias lub sijhawm sib txawv niaj hnub no

Lub npe ntawm Sulakadzev tuaj rau kuv thaum kuv paub kuv tus kheej nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Valaam. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub archives ntawm lub monastery, nws tau paub txog keeb kwm sau ntawv ntawm cov kwv tij thiab muab nws cov kev pab cuam rau lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog ntawm lub ancient keeb kwm ntawm lub monastery thiab scientific processing ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm. Proposed los ntawm A. I. Sulakadzev lub keeb kwm ua hauj lwm yog ib tug sau ntawv sau, 41 nplooj ntawv nyob rau hauv ntim. A. I. Sulakadzev muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Valaam Islands thiab them nyiaj rau ob qhov "tsis paub meej" tshwm sim: "carved kos npe" rau ntawm pob zeb luds thiab qhov tsua "carved nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm." Qhov no yog ua raws li cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws (nrog rau ntau tus piv txwv thiab cov kev xav) ntawm lub etymology ntawm lub npe Balaam. Unexpectedly, lub ntsiab version ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe suab sawv cev ntawm tus tub ntawm Assarov, uas Sulakadzev justifies nrog cov nram qab no quote los ntawm lub "Opoved": "Thiab Valaam yog nicknamed tom qab tus tub ntawm Assari ntawm ib lub teb chaws zoo li lub. khiav tawm ntawm exile thiab xav tau, thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub koog pov txwv no zoo kawg nkaus kos npe thiab npe hu ua nws” …

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txog niaj hnub no cov lus nug ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe "Valaam" nyob rau hauv domestic science tsis tau daws. Nws yog nthuav tias nyob rau hauv lub monastic tsab raws li lub version ntawm A. I. Sulakadzeva hais txog qhov sib sib zog nqus antiquity ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, cov quotes muab los ntawm nws yeej tsis siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Yog li, piv txwv li, qhov pom tseeb absurdity txog erection ntawm lub pob zeb tsis tsuas yog hla ntawm tus Thwj Tim Andrew ntawm Valaam, tab sis kuj "… tus txiv neej ntawm pob zeb" tsis pom nyob qhov twg.

Tab sis yog Sulakadzev tej hauj lwm ntawm Valaam "false", yog hais tias nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm nws muab cov ntaub ntawv rau 189 ! qhov chaw thiab ntawm lawv Ancient Kev ntseeg ntawm Slavs. Mitava, 1804; Lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, K. Khilkov. Moscow, 1784; Zizania, lus dab neeg hais txog ABC ntawm Cyril tus Philosopher. ua 8 kn. Vilna, 1596; Lub neej ntawm Alexander Svirsky nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv, nyob rau hauv cov duab, sau nyob rau hauv lub charter, los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Valaam monastery, thiab lwm yam?

Alexander Ivanovich sau cov qub txeeg qub tes, feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov nyiam nyob rau hauv ancient phau ntawv, thiab feem ntau yog cov muaj feem xyuam rau lub teb chaws keeb kwm. Nws lub tsev qiv ntawv tau pib nrog sau los ntawm nws yawg, ib tug ntawm lawv khaws "cov ntawv sau ntawm nws lub neej, uas muaj nuj nqis heev, txog kev kav thiab xwm txheej", qhov thib ob muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv luam tawm.

Tam sim no, cov ntawv sau tau paub, uas tau teev tseg hauv nws phau ntawv sau raws li tus lej 4967, uas qhia txog qhov tsawg kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau thiab luam tawm hauv cov khoom sau. Ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntawv sau A. I. Sulakadzev tau sau tias nws muaj "ntau tshaj 2 txhiab phau ntawv ntawm txhua yam, ntxiv rau cov ntawv sau rau ntawm kev sib cav."

Txawm li cas los xij, raws li feem ntau ntseeg, xws li kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws raws li kev sau ntawm cov phau ntawv qub thiab cov ntawv sau, AI Sulakadzev ua ke nrog kev tsim khoom ntawm forgeries rau nws sau.

Cia peb muab qee qhov ntawm Sulakadzev forgeries. Nws ntseeg tau tias ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv dag zog rau kev dag yog qhov ntxiv rau cov ntawv sau qub kom "hnub nyoog" lawv.

Cov kev ua txhaum cai no suav nrog "phau ntawv thov Vajtswv" ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir.

Thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm xws li falsifications belongs rau Boyanov's Hymn. Thawj yog txawm tias chronologically, rau nws feem ntau ntseeg tias qhov no yog ib qho ntawm qhov ntxov tshaj forgeries ntawm Sulakadzev, ua los ntawm nws nyob ib ncig ntawm 1807 los yog 1810.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, "Perun lossis Veles tshaj tawm", lossis "Cov pov thawj ntawm Novgorod" tau yug los. "Knigorek", raws li zoo raws li "Catalog ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab ib feem txawv teb chaws cov phau ntawv, luam thiab sau ntawv, cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Alexander Sulakadze" muab peb ib tug tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv qub thiab cov ntawv sau, uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias Sulakadzev forgeries: "Sbornostar", "Rodopis", "Kovcheg Russian Truth", "Idolovid" thiab lwm tus (II, 34; 178-179). Thiab ntawm no yog qhov tseeb nthuav. Yog hais tias "Boyan's Hymn" yog paub tsawg kawg hauv ib daim ntawv luam los ntawm Sulakadzev rau GRDerzhavin, "Perun thiab Veles Broadcasting" yog paub nyob rau hauv excerpts luam tawm los ntawm Derzhavin nyob rau hauv 1812 nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txhais lus, ces tsis muaj ib tug kws tshawb fawb tau txawm pom tus so ntawm cov monuments. Lawv ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib qho taug qab thaum, tom qab kev tuag ntawm A. I. Sulakadzev, nws sau tau tawg. Ntau qhov tseeb, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm thawj peb lub xyoo pua puv 19 tuaj yeem pom lawv, tab sis lawv tsis tau tso tseg ib qho kev piav qhia, lawv tsis tau tawm tswv yim txog lawv. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam uas peb muaj nyob rau ntawm peb pov tseg yog cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov monuments los ntawm Sulakadzev nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv "Knigorek" thiab "Catalog". Thiab cov lus piav qhia no muab hnub tim 1 txog rau xyoo pua 10 AD. Xav txog qhov kev sib tham no thiab ntxiv rau nws lub koob npe nrov ntawm Sulakadzev ua "daring" forger, cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no tau faib tag nrho cov ntawv sau no ua cuav.

Nyob rau hauv lub archives ntawm tus kws sau paj lug Derzhavin muaj ib tug runic fragment ntawm Boyan's Hymn. Cov seem qhia txog ib ntu ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Ant-glades nrog Goths ntawm lub xyoo pua 4th. n. e. Nyob rau hauv 1812, peb tus poj compatriot G. Derzhavin luam tawm ob "runic" excerpts ntawm lub Sulakadzev sau. Nyob rau hauv Derzhavin lub sau ua hauj lwm ntawm 1880, lub Slavic runic kuj yog reproduced. Ib nqe lus, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hais txog Boyan thiab Sloven hauv nws, hu ua "Boyan's hymn to Sloven", thiab qhov thib ob - "Orakul" - cov lus ntawm Magi. Karamzin kuj paub txog cov nqe lus thiab hais kom nws xa cov ntaub ntawv qub.

Nyob rau hauv 1994, nyob rau hauv lub 39th ntim ntawm Derzhavin lub archive, tag nrho cov ntawv ntawm Boyan's Hymn tau pom. Cov ntawv sau kuj tau rov qab los, uas feem ntau hu ua "Staroladozhsky runic document" txhawm rau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ib feem ntawm "Boyan's Hymn" dag los ntawm Sulakadze. "Runic" thiab telegraphic, heev compressed style ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (nrog rau cov aforementioned "Orakul") xav tsis thoob zoo li "Velesovitsa". Raws li ib tug ntawm cov versions, cov ntaub ntawv yog ib tug correspondence ntawm ob Magi-kobas (leej twg nyeem lub davhlau ntawm ib tug noog). Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib tug pov thawj ntawm Laus Ladoga, thiab tus thib ob sorcerer yog los ntawm Novgorod.

Kev sib tham ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pib los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws muaj cov kab zoo li no raws li V. Torop tus txhais lus:

… gnu kobe qab zib hsti ide vorok ldogu mlm txi orota qhev ib degree ntawm cb hais lus pupupe gnu mmu kbi str mzhu term chaa cuav grmtu m kimru rus thiab kimr rau vrgo chav thiab rau koj stilhu blrv rau warrior mkom thiab rau koj mus haus cawv tib yam eruek rau tus tub rog ib klmu aldorogu mru dee thiab hlawv tus vajtswv mrchi rau grdnik vchna Borus rau ntawm pob txha ntawm cov hlaws dai rau doriu nobubsur….

… "Rau mister lub teeb cob: Cov ntseeg tab tom los, cov yeeb ncuab, rau Ladoga-lub nroog. Peb thov Vajtswv, peb muab kev txi kom lawv tsis ua haujlwm thiab rhuav tshem lub nroog. Kuv xa Perun cov lus hais rau kuv tus tswv, cob-laus txiv neej. yog Kimrs thiab nyob ua ntej Kimrs. Yog cov yeeb ncuab rau Rome thiab koj, Stilicho; Bolorev; ib. Deer tus tub rog yog rau peb tsim txom, nws yog ib tug neeg phem, thiab nws yog ib tug Greek thaum yug los. Otuarich. Ces Izhodrik, ces tus dag ntxias Erik tus tub rog; tus raug foom Aldorg sow tuag, peb tus vajtswv raug hlawv, tua cov neeg hauv nroog. Nyob mus ib txhis Struggle, sawv ntawm cov pob txha. Kev txom nyem los ntawm Bus mus Deer …."

Ua li no, "Ladoga Runic Document" lees paub cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Veles Phau Ntawv tias Deer yog Greek thaum yug los. Tab sis Sulakadzev, txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv, tsis tau sau nws tus kheej, ib yam li nws tsis tau sau Phau Ntawv Velesov.

Lub sijhawm ntawd, ob peb tus neeg tsis ntseeg txog qhov tseeb ntawm parchment. Nws tsis tau ua kom muaj kev ntseeg ntau yam hauv N. M. Karamzin, uas nyob rau lub Kaum Hlis 16, 1812 tau sau ntawv rau PA Vyazemsky: "Kuv ua tsaug rau Txoj Cai Reverend (Evgeny Bolkhovitinov - AA), koj thiab tus ntxhais huab tais rau lub npe hu ua "Boyan's Hymn". Thov nug thiab ceeb toom rau kuv, leej twg muaj tus thawj, sau rau ntawm parchment, raws li tau hais? " Thiab Evgeny Bolkhovitinov, yav tom ntej Metropolitan ntawm Kiev thiab tus loj tshaj plaws paleographer ntawm nws lub sij hawm (leej twg nteg lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntawv qub), nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv sau hnub tim 6 lub Tsib Hlis 1812 rau Xib Hwb Gorodchaninov sau txog Boyan Hymn thiab. lub oracles: ib txhia ntawm lawv ntseeg hais tias lawv yog uncomplicated, "thiab nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv xa mus rau Derzhavin, nws tau pom zoo tag nrho cov luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qhia Gavrila Romanovich tsis txhob hais txog kev sib tham ntawm parchment rau lub xyoo pua 4th. kom zam dhau kev thuam los ntawm cov neeg siab phem. "Qhov no yog qhov nthuav rau peb ntau dua li suav paj huam," nws hais rau tus kws sau paj huam.

Kaum tsib xyoos tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws keeb kwm Dictionary ntawm Cov Kws Sau Ntawv ntawm Clerical Order uas nyob rau hauv Russia, Lub Nroog tau muab ob qho tib si zaj dab neeg ntawm Boyana thiab rov hais dua ntawm kev txhais lus ntawm Boyan's Anthem, ua los ntawm AI. Sulakadzev. Yuav luag ob puas xyoo qhov kev tshaj tawm no thiab yim kab lus hais los ntawm Derzhavin tseem yog tib lub hauv paus uas ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Boyan's Anthem.

Raws li "Boyan's Anthem" los ntawm G. R. Derzhavin sau lub ballad "Lub Novgorod Magus Zlogor". Tom qab ntawd hauv qhov teeb meem tom ntej ntawm "Readings" nws yuav tsum luam tawm tag nrho cov ntawv ntawm "Boyan's Anthem", nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib txuas no, nws tab tom nrhiav ib daim qauv ntawm nws, tab sis nws tsis paub dab tsi, thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau lub Rau Hli 8, 1816 nws tau sau. Los ntawm nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam Zvanka mus rau St. Petersburg mus rau tus kws sau paj huam Kapnist:

Thaum pib ua kom tiav kuv cov lus piav qhia, Kuv tsis pom qhov kawg ntawm Boyanova zaj nkauj rau Oden, uas tau sau ua cov ntawv sau thiab, raws li kuv nco qab, pw hauv kuv lub rooj, uas yog ntawm lub rooj zaum, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub caw ransom … Thiab rau qhov ntawd, nrhiav nws, kwv tij, ntawm kuv cov ntaub ntawv … Thiab yog tias koj nrhiav tsis tau cov nkauj Boyanova, ces nrhiav nyob rau hauv lub Semenovsky regiment ib tug so haujlwm tub ceev xwm Alexander Ivanovich Selatsiev (GD qhov yuam kev - AA), kuv xav tias, leej twg paub qhov twg tus doorman nyob …

Keeb kwm yog ntsiag to txog seb tus kws sau paj lug Kapnist tau ua tiav qhov kev xav tau ntawm Gavrila Romanovich, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, Derzhavin tsis muaj sijhawm los npaj Boyan's Hymn rau kev tshaj tawm, raws nraim ib hlis tom qab nws tuag … Qhov tseeb, tsab ntawv no tau los ua nws tus kheej. yuav.

Tus dej ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws striving

Tshem tag nrho cov xwm txheej ntawm tib neeg

Thiab poob rau hauv lub abyss ntawm oblivion

Cov neeg, lub nceeg vaj thiab vaj

Thiab yog tias tseem tshuav

Los ntawm lub suab ntawm lyre thiab trumpet,

Lub eternity ntawd yuav raug devoured los ntawm lub gullet

Thiab txoj hmoo zoo yuav tsis ploj mus

Tsis muaj Sulakadzev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tsis muaj nws contemporaries, tsis muaj lub sij hawm los "kov" cov artifacts, tab sis cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis txo thiab qhov no pleases cov keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws Russia tsis txuas rau oblivion!

Hauv kev xaus, kuv xav kom nco ntsoov tias lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb "Kev puas tsuaj thiab Renaissance ntawm Slavic Civilization" tau tuav hauv London xyoo 1992 tau lees paub "Veles Phau Ntawv" yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txiaj ntsig Slavic.