Cov Russians xav li cas txog Ukrainians thiab Ukrainian lub tswv yim ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Pov cov lus xws li "Ukrainophobia" tau dhau los ua zam tam sim no. Hais tias, Putin's Kiselevism pleev xim rau cov duab tshaj tawm ntawm Ukrainians uas tau cog rau hauv lub tebchaws. Nws yog tsim nyog to taub yuav ua li cas lub tswv yim Ukrainian tau pom ntawm cov qhabnias Russians - ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig thiab nyob rau hauv lub dawb emigration.

Ua ntej, nws tsim nyog nkag siab tias "Ukrainians" peb paub thiab hlub (tsawg kawg peb paub) tau yug los hauv Soviet Union thiab nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet. Lub tswvyim ntawm Ukrainian haiv neeg muaj nyob ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tab sis hais tias "Ukrainianness" yog ib tug marginal phenomenon; peb tau sau txog nws lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Nyob rau hauv Russia, cov neeg no tau raug suav hais tias yog freaks, sectarians. Qhov ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov pejxeem thuam cov Ukrainians, ob qho tib si ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm Dub Pua pua zog, thiab ntawm cov neeg thuam neeg ntawm tsoomfwv Tsarist. Nyob rau hauv conservative sab, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia Andrei Vladimirovich Storozhenko, ib tug naas ej historian, Slavist thiab sau ntawv thuam. Nws raug suav hais tias yog ib tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ukraine thiab yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Kiev Club ntawm Lavxias teb sab Nationalists, yog ib lub chaw tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev txawj ntse hauv lub tebchaws. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, cov Bolsheviks tua cov tswv cuab ntawm Club raws li cov npe; Storozhenko yog ib tug ntawm ob peb leej uas tswj kom khiav tawm ntawm lub Cheka.

Storozhenko txhais Ukrainian nationalism raws li ib tug kab lis kev cai atavism; raws li ib tug retreat los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai provoked los ntawm cov Poles thiab Austrian. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, cov pej xeem Lavxias teb sab, tau poob Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, yog ib tug barbaric under-denomination. A. Tsarinny hais hauv nws phau ntawv "Ukrainian cais tawm hauv Russia. Lub ideology ntawm lub teb chaws schism "hais los ntawm Storozhenko, nyob rau hauv uas nws piav txog cov kev xav luv luv:

Vim Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub npe hu ua "Ukraine" tsis muaj lwm yam kab lis kev cai, tshwj tsis yog rau Lavxias teb sab ib tug, Ukrainians los yog "Mazepians", raws li lawv tau hu ua ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, yuav tsum tig mus rau lwm haiv neeg, xws li autochthonous sawv daws yuav, i.e. nomads. Raws li Storozhenko sau tseg:

Storozhenko yog ib tug kws tshaj lij nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm yav qab teb Russia, ib tug tiag tiag polymath thiab ib tug staunch Lavxias teb sab patriot thiab nationalist - nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Kiev Club ntawm Lavxias teb sab Nationalists thiab All-Lavxias teb sab National Union. Tom qab nws raug tua los ntawm Bolsheviks, nws tej hauj lwm raug txwv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Lawv tau tshaj tawm tias "bourgeois-tus tswv tsev, lub zog loj" cov ntaub ntawv, txij li thaum lawv cuam tshuam nrog Ukrainization.

Lub tswv yim Ukrainian nws tus kheej tsis txhais tau tias cuam tshuam nrog Me Me Russians lossis txawm Galicians. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Galicians tseem yog Lavxias teb sab patriots ces, mus rau lub point hais tias cov Austrian yuav tsum tau tsim lub Tallerhof concentration camp thiab loj heev dai Lavxias teb sab nationalists los ntawm Galicia. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kev sim siab no, yawm txiv ntawm tus naas ej Ukrainian nationalist Oleg Tyagnibok, Longin Tsegelsky, ua tim khawv rau kev foob.

Cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm Ukrainian lub tswv yim, ntxiv rau sectarians los ntawm Austrian xeem raj thiab lub nroog madmen, twb perceived, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, los ntawm Poles thiab cov neeg Yudais. Piv txwv li, tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab nationalist thiab publicist Mikhail Osipovich Menshikov piav qhia txog Ukrainian nationalists nyob rau hauv 1914 nyob ze ntawm lub Austrian Embassy nyob rau hauv Kiev raws li nram no:

Peb xyoos dhau los, tus tsim ntawm All-Lavxias teb sab Union thiab tus kheej tus phooj ywg ntawm Stolypin, Menshikov, tau muab cov cwj pwm hauv qab no rau Ukrainian txav:

Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias cov neeg no, feem ntau, muaj me ntsis nrog rau niaj hnub Ukrainian nationalists. Ukrainian nationalist ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig yog ib tug neeg vwm hauv nroog uas tab tom sim qhia ntau lo lus Polish rau hauv cov lus Lavxias thiab leej twg qhia txog kev sib deev nrog cov neeg Yudais kom txav deb ntawm Great Lavxias teb sab qub txeeg qub teg. Tsuas yog ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, Ukrainian haiv neeg tau muaj npe nrov rau kev teeb tsa cov neeg Yudais cov neeg phem heev nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm Petliura tias "dawb rau txim" Ungern ntshai haus luam yeeb ntawm sab nraud.

Qhov tseeb, tub rog version ntawm Ukrainian haiv neeg tau ntsib los ntawm Lavxias teb sab nationalist White Guards tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Ukrainian nationalists tau pom tias yog Judas, traitors, traitors. Ib daim ntawv ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb ntawm Russia rau xyoo 1919 tshaj tawm:

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg ntxeev siab paub tias lawv yog cov neeg ntxeev siab, thiab thaum xub thawj tau sim zam kev sib cav nrog nag hmo cov kwv tij hauv caj npab. Pavel Feofanovich Shandruk, tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog Imperial, tom qab ib tug prometheist thiab cornet general ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub Ukrainian neeg koom pheej, piav nyob rau hauv nws memoirs ib rooj plaub thaum pib ntawm lub Civil War: nws Ukrainian armored tsheb ciav hlau tsav mus rau Melitopol, qhov twg nws pom ib co tub rog hais lus -Lavxias teb sab. Xav tias lawv yog Bolsheviks, nws hais kom qhib hluav taws rau lawv. Hauv kev teb, "cov neeg coj ncaj ncees" raug rho tawm haujlwm rov qab thiab tsa lub Lavxias teb sab tricolor. Cov tub rog tau los ua ib tug detachment ntawm Mikhail Gordeevich Drozdovsky, lawv nyob rau hauv lub nto moo "Drozdovsky phiaj los nqis tes" los ntawm Romania mus rau lub Don. Shandruk xa ib tus neeg sawv cev rau Drozdovsky, thiab Drozdovsky tshaj tawm tias nws yuav tawm hauv nroog - nrog lossis tsis muaj kev sib ntaus. Shandruk, paub hais tias nws yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov grimy Red Guards, tab sis nrog rau "Thawj Brigade ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb", tau ntshai ntawm lawv thiab hais kom lawv hla. Cov Drozdovites calmly txuas ntxiv mus rau lawv txoj kev.

Drozdovsky, tus phab ej ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, Knight ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm St. George thiab tus huab tais, tau sau ib tsab ntawv hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe txog nws tus cwj pwm ntawm Ukrainians. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus siab yog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov Germans, uas tsis muaj illusions txog lawv murziloks:

"Cov neeg German yog cov yeeb ncuab, tab sis peb hwm lawv, txawm tias peb ntxub lawv … Ukrainians tsuas muaj kev thuam rau lawv, xws li cov neeg ntxeev siab thiab cov neeg phem tsis ncaj ncees. Germans ntawm Ukrainians - undisguised contempt, thab plaub, prodding. Lawv hu ua laib, rabble; Thaum cov Ukrainians sim txeeb peb lub tsheb, ib tug German commander nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb, qw ntawm Ukrainian tub ceev xwm: "Yog li ntawd kuv tsis tas yuav rov ua qhov no dua." Qhov sib txawv ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm peb, cov yeeb ncuab zais, thiab rau Ukrainians, cov phooj ywg, yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Ib tug ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub dhau Ukrainian echelon hais rau lub German: nws yuav tsum tau disarmed lawv, uas yog, peb, thiab tau txais cov lus teb: lawv tseem tab tom sib ntaus sib tua cov Bolsheviks, lawv tsis hostile rau peb, lawv nrhiav tib lub hom phiaj. nrog peb, thiab nws yuav tsis tau tig nws tus nplaig hais tias, nws ntseeg tsis ncaj ncees … Lub Ukrainian bounced rov qab …"

Tsis muaj kev sib tham nrog cov neeg cais tawm. General May-Mayevsky tau hais meej meej tias "Petliura yuav dhau los ua ib qho kev sib koom ua ke, tsis muaj tebchaws Russia nrog thaj chaw dav dav ntawm peb lub platform, lossis nws yuav tau tawm tsam peb." Kev ua phem thiab kev ntes ntawm Kiev ua raws - qhov tseeb, cov xwm txheej no tsuas yog rov tshwm sim hauv keeb kwm uas tuaj yeem hu ua "Lavxias teb sab-Ukrainian" tsov rog. Qhov kev ua tsov rog no tau zoo heev los ntawm Cov Neeg Dawb (xws li cov neeg Lavxias), thiab Cov Neeg Saib Xyuas Dawb uas nkag mus hauv Kiev tau tawg tag nrho cov tub rog ntawm UPR. Hauv Kiev, muaj 18 txhiab tus tub rog tsis tu ncua ntawm UPR, ntxiv rau, muaj 5 txhiab tus neeg koom nrog hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog. 3,000 Tus Neeg Saib Xyuas Dawb thiab ib txhiab tus tub rog ntxiv los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tub rog nkag mus hauv nroog - Ukrainian "tub rog" tau tso tseg yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam. General Bredov tshaj tawm tom qab "sib ntaus sib tua" hais tias "Kiev yeej tsis tau Ukrainian thiab yeej tsis yuav."

Tsis muaj kev sib tham ntxiv - tsuas yog nrog "Western Ukrainians", los yog, nrog rau cov neeg Lavxias los ntawm Ukrainian Galician Army. Bredov txuas ntxiv kev sib tham nrog lawv thiab ua tiav qhov kev pom zoo Zyatkov - kev nkag ntawm Galician pab tub rog mus rau Tub Rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb ntawm Russia. Tus so ntawm lub npe hu ua "Ukrainians" Bredov tau hais tias "… cia lawv tsis tuaj, lawv yuav raug ntes thiab tua li cov neeg ntxeev siab thiab tub sab."

Txawm li cas los xij, Cov Neeg Saib Xyuas Dawb tau tawm tsam nrog Ukrainians tsis yog nyob rau sab qab teb xwb. Wildfields patriots tuaj nyob rau hauv lwm cheeb tsam, uas tej zaum coj mus rau funny ntu. Tus Knight ntawm St. George thiab tus phab ej ntawm White Struggle hauv Siberia, General Sakharov, piav txog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej no:

Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog Ukrainians txuas ntxiv tom qab yeej Bolsheviks, nyob rau hauv exile. Txawm ntau - nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv exile tias Ukrainian traitors thaum kawg tau calmly sau lawv cov ntawv cais cais thiab kos daim duab qhia nrog Ukraine los ntawm Carpathians mus rau Kuban, txij li thaum, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj steel regiments ntawm White Army nyob ze.

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab lus teb rau Ukrainians tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Belgrade, nyob rau hauv 1939. Nws tau sau los ntawm ib tug tsis meej pem thiab controversial daim duab - V. V. Shulgin, tab sis peb tsis tuaj yeem tsis pom zoo nrog nws cov lus sib cav hauv txoj haujlwm no. Txoj haujlwm no hu ua "Ukrainians thiab Peb". Nyob rau hauv nws, nws luv luv piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Ukrainians, ua pov thawj qhov absurdity ntawm lawv keeb kwm thiab lub teb chaws lub tswv yim, thiab muab ib tug txheej txheem cej luam ntawm tam sim no qhov teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub teb chaws Ukrainian tsim yog ib yam khoom ntawm cov xwm txheej keeb kwm tsis ua tiav thiab, ib txwm, swb ntawm Russia. Nws xaus lus:

Qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Leej twg ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tiag tiag tuaj hla lub npe hu ua Ukrainians - tsarist cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws tshaj lij pej xeem, cov neeg saib xyuas Dawb, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb Lavxias zoo tib yam - lawv txhua tus tau txais tos cov neeg Ukrainians nrog kev ua phem. Raws li cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm Keeb Kwm Russia, uas pom tias nws yog ib qho kev coj ncaj ncees, peb tsuas tuaj yeem rov hais dua cov lus faj lem thiab npau suav ntawm Shulgin, uas nws tau muab tso rau thaum kawg ntawm nws txoj haujlwm:

"Lub sij hawm yuav los thaum, es tsis txhob ntawm cov lus dag thiab misanthropy ntawm Ukrainian schismatics, qhov tseeb, kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev hlub yuav yeej nyob rau hauv lub siab txhais tes ntawm United Indivisible Russia!"

Kirill Kaminets