6 siv lead ua tons ntawm USSR tus ciav rau lub Ntiaj Teb Exhibition

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ib tug ciav yog depicted nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Konstantinovka. Qhov no yog qhov xav tsis thoob thiab xav tsis thoob. Vim li cas ib tug ciav? Cov xwm txheej no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 30s deb.

Los ntawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas Congress hnub tim 15 Lub Rau Hli 1936, 64 lub xeev tau raug caw tuaj koom rau hauv Ntiaj Teb Exhibition hauv New York "Tsim Lub Ntiaj Teb Tag Nrho". Lub Soviet Union tau txais kev caw thiab nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 16, 1937, lub USSR Council of People's Commissars (Council of People's Commissars) tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj hais txog kev koom tes hauv kev nthuav tawm. Txhawm rau npaj tag nrho cov kev npaj ua haujlwm, Soviet ib feem ntawm International Exhibition tau tsim, uas yog subordinate rau Council of People's Commissars. Nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev txhim kho lub thematic lub hom phiaj ntawm lub pavilion, lub koom haum ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm nws tsim, kev tsim kho thiab kho kom zoo nkauj, kev npaj ntawm exhibits.

Ib qho ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia yog los ua ib qho chaw dai kom zoo nkauj. Qhov project tau nthuav tawm los ntawm tus sculptor Iosif Moiseevich Chaikov (1888-1979). Raws li nws, tus ciav dej yuav tsum yog raws li nram no qhov ntev: qhov siab - 4,25 m, txoj kab uas hla ntawm tag nrho cov tais - 4 m. Engineer F. S. Entelis muab nws cov kev pabcuam.

Fyodor Semyonovich Entelis (1907-1995) - iav tsim engineers, xib fwb ntawm V. Mukhina Art thiab Industry School, tus tswv cuab ntawm Union ntawm Architects ntawm lub USSR. Laureate ntawm USSR State nqi zog. Entelis pib nws acquaintance nrog lub industrial Konstantinovka ua ib tug engineer ntev ua ntej lub qhov dej project. Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Silicate lub koom haum nyob rau hauv Kamenets-Podolsk thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20, Fyodor Stepanovich raug xa mus ua ib tug hmo ntuj foreman mus rau ib tug mechanized iav Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Konstantinovka. Ntawm no, "nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov laus tej craftsmen, nws kawm tau lub secrets ntawm ua iav, kom deb li deb tsuas yog lub qhov rais iav, uas tsis tau qhia nyob rau hauv lub koom haum."

Xyoo 1939, Entelis tau ntsib Nikolai Nikolayevich Katchalov (1883-1961), tus xibfwb ntawm Leningrad Technological Institute, uas lawv tau npaj los tsim ib qho kev sim kos duab iav rhiav ntawm Leningrad Mirror Factory. Nws artistic thawj coj yog tus nto moo monumental sculptor Vera Ignatievna Mukhina (1889-1953), uas kuj nyiam nyob rau hauv artistic iav. Nyob rau hauv 1940, Fyodor Stepanovich tau tsa lub taub hau thiab technical director ntawm kev sim rhiav. Ua ntej pib ua tsov ua rog, cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm iav tshuab los ntawm ntau lub chaw tsim khoom, nrog rau ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam, tau sib sau ua ke ntawm no. Qhov kev lag luam no tau pheej yeej khoom plig ntawm kev nthuav qhia hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov tseeb nthuav, xyoo 1949 muaj lub vase loj heev tau ua rau nws ua khoom plig rau I. V. Stalin (tus kws kos duab B. A. Smirnov, tus txheej txheem engineer F. S. Entelis). Fyodor Semyonovich kuj tau qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Hermitage, tau koom nrog kev tsim kho cov cuab yeej siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv iav qub. Nws tau sau cov hauj lwm "Kev tsim thiab kub kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm iav", nrog rau nws kev koom tes luam tawm cov monographs "Lavxias teb sab art iav", "Spanish iav" thiab "Antique iav".

Xyoo 1938, tus ciav tau tsim los ntawm sculptor I. Chaikov thiab engineer F. Entelis. Parameters: qhov siab 4, 2 m, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub tais nkhaus, raws li ntau yam kev kwv yees, 2, 25-2, 50 m. Raws li tau sau tseg, qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv lead ua ciav dej tau tsim los ntawm Konstantin cov neeg koom tes nrog Krasny Giant cog. Nws yog noteworthy uas ua ntej uas nyob rau hauv Avtosteklo nws tsis yog tsim nyog los ua hauj lwm rau siv lead ua. 75-xyoo-laus glassmaker Nazarov los ntawm cov nroj tsuag Dyadkovo tau caw los pab. Qhov no yog li cas qhov kev tshwm sim tau piav qhia: “Tus tswv qub pom cov lauj kaub loj, lub rooj dov, qhov cub tawg thawj zaug. Nws tsis meej pem los ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Nws txoj kev lag luam tau meej meej tsis mus zoo. Ntau tshaj 10 brews tsis muab qhov xav tau. " Cov kws tshaj lij iav Dmitry Milodanov thiab Vakula Rachuk tau ua tiav ua noj ua haus siv lead ua. Rau qhov no, ntau qhov tuag tau raug pov los ntawm npib tsib xee. Cov neeg ua haujlwm laus tshaj plaws ntawm lub Hoobkas khoov lub ntsej muag, muab nws lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tais. Tom qab ntawd cov tais loj loj nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2.5 m tau ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab. Yuav kom ua tiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus ciav, tus tsim ntawm uas yog collapsible, "cov nroj tsuag tau zoo siv ib tug txhim khu kev qha technology": iav ua nrog ib tug yeej cutter.

Cov lus piav qhia thiab cov duab ntawm tus ciav tau muaj sia nyob. Ib lub tais loj loj ntiav towered rau ntawm cov xim monumental ceg. Los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub tais, lwm qhov me me, zoo li loj hlob tuaj, thiab ib lub pob zeb ntawm lub pob ntseg tau sawv los ntawm nws. Los ntawm cov kav dej siv lead ua ntawm cov sheaf, dej ntws mus rau hauv ib lub tais me me thiab, tau ntim nws, ntws mus rau hauv ib qho loj. Lub tais loj no, ob thiab ib lub hlis twg ntawm txoj kab uas hla, ua los ntawm cov ntawv tuab tuab, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv.

Temerin S. M. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "Lavxias teb sab Applied Art" (1960) tau sau tseg: "Nyob rau hauv no monumental qauv, pob tshab siv lead ua tau ua ke nrog patinated bronze thiab xim stained-iav qhov rais ua los ntawm multilayer xim iav. Cov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev tsim cov haujlwm no tau ua pov thawj rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom tes muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws ua haujlwm nrog tus kws kos duab rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm iav kev lag luam."

Lub New York Ntiaj Teb Kev Ncaj Ncees tau qhib rau lub Plaub Hlis 30, 1939. Tsim los rau ob lub caij ntuj sov, nws thaum kawg kaw nkaus xwb thaum Lub Kaum Hli 27 ntawm xyoo tom ntej. Lub exhibition exposition ntawm lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv peb lub tsev sib txawv: lub Main Exhibition Pavilion ntawm lub USSR, lub Arctic Pavilion thiab lub Hall ntawm Nations. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub loj Soviet pavilion towered ib tug loj heev 24-meter steel duab puab hu ua Tus Tshiab Soviet txiv neej. Cov duab puab nws tus kheej hnyav 30 tons, mounted ntawm ib tug hlau ncej thiab ntsia rau ntawm lub hauv paus obelisk pylon (60 m siab). Nyob rau hauv lub "Arts" chav tsev ntawm lub ntsiab pavilion, ntawm cov paintings thiab sculptures, muaj ib tug siv lead ua ciav.