Cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv USSR thiab Russia: yuav ua li cas cov tub ntxhais hluas tau hloov pauv hauv 50 xyoo

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Psychologists hu ua lub ntsiab nta uas paub qhov txawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab nyob rau hauv Russia.

Txhua tus niam txiv, saib cov menyuam kawm ntawv niaj hnub no, tsis muaj, tsis muaj, thiab tseem nco ntsoov - tab sis nyob rau hauv kuv lub sijhawm, eh … Cov kev sib piv no feem ntau ua tsis tau zoo rau cov menyuam niaj hnub no. Cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntxiv roj rau hluav taws: lawv hais tias, ua ntej, cov menyuam yaus yuav ntse dua thiab kawm tau zoo dua, thiab tiam no tsis tsim nyog rau lwm yam tshaj li Internet thiab kev sib raug zoo.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv niaj hnub no thiab cov neeg Soviet, cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Lub Chaw rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Me Nyuam Yaus ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Kawm Qib Siab ntawm Kev Lag Luam tau pom tawm.

50 xyoo dhau los

Nws tsis txaus tsuas yog tso siab rau kev nco thiab kev xav hauv kev sib piv! Txhua tus paub tias yav dhau los lub ntuj huv dua thiab cov nyom ntsuab dua. Yog li ntawd, psychologists txiav txim siab mus rau lwm txoj kev thiab reproduced ib tug classic Soviet kev tshawb fawb:

"Xyoo 50 xyoo dhau los, xyoo 1967, tus naas ej xibfwb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws Daniil Elkonin thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau luam tawm ib qho kev kawm rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv," hais tias Katerina Polivanova, tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Chaw Pabcuam Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Me Nyuam Yaus. - Tau ob xyoos, lawv tau pom cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib qub (thawj yog qib 4, tom qab ntawd qib 5), thiab kawm txog "kev xav ntawm kev laus" - uas yog, lawv lub siab xav ua, zoo li thiab ua zoo li cov laus. Peb rov ua qhov kev tshawb fawb no, tab sis los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub, thiab nruj dua sau txhua yam peb pom.

REGENERIES LUB CEEB TOOM

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb pom, 50 xyoo dhau los, cov menyuam kawm ntawv 11-12 xyoo yeej xav ua cov neeg laus ntau dua li cov niaj hnub no.

Alexandra Bochaver, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Center for Contemporary Childhood Research hais tias "Nyob rau xyoo 60s, cov tub ntxhais kawm qib tsib xav tau kev kho mob zoo li cov neeg laus - xav txog lawv txoj kev xav, saib xyuas lawv," - Cov menyuam yaus niaj hnub xav txog lawv tus kheej me me lossis "hauv nruab nrab", rau lawv thaum yau yog lub sijhawm txaus nyiam ntau dua li cov neeg laus, uas lawv pom tias muaj ntau lub luag haujlwm thiab tsis muaj sijhawm.

Qhov kev xav ntawm kev laus no tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv ntau txoj hauv kev:

- Cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet tau pom tus cwj pwm zoo dua rau kev kawm. Ntawm ib sab, lawv coj lawv txoj kev kawm tiag tiag. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj cov neeg tawm tsam uas tawm tsam qhov no thiab ua rau lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig, - Katerina Nikolaevna cov npe. - Tam sim no peb tab tom pom muaj kev cuam tshuam hnyav heev ntawm cov niam txiv thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv tsom mus rau kev kawm tiav. Cov menyuam yaus niaj hnub no tsuas yog tsis tso cai rau txo nqi tsev kawm ntawv! Yog li ntawd, lawv ua txhua yam haujlwm kom raug thiab raws sijhawm.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus tsis yog tias cov menyuam kawm ntawv niaj hnub no mloog lus ntau dua. Lawv yog, yog li hais lus, ntau cunning: lawv nkag siab tias nws yog "qis dua" rau lawv ua raws li cov cai tshaj li mus tawm tsam thiab pib kiv puag ncig. Thiab rau tus cwj pwm uas tsis txhawb nqa hauv tsev thiab tom tsev kawm ntawv, muaj Internet.

OBEDIENT LUB SIJ HAWM

Cov kws qhia ntawv uas pom lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet yog txoj cai quaj vim tsis muaj kev qhuab qhia hauv cov chav kawm niaj hnub no. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg, nws yog kev mloog lus uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv 60s:

"Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, txoj cai, txoj cai hierarchical ntsug yog qhov tseem ceeb dua:" tus neeg laus yog tus tswj hwm, Kuv yog tus uas ua raws," sau tseg Katerina Polivanova. - Niaj hnub no, cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis pom txhua yam uas tus kws qhia ntawv tau hais yog qhov tseeb kawg. Lawv tseem ceeb rau qhov xwm txheej no.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, peb cov pog yawg tau ua haujlwm ntau zaus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s, ib tug kawm qib tsib yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab, yog hais tias tsis ua noj rau nws tus kheej, ces tsawg kawg yog sov so. Cov me nyuam niaj hnub no raug zam los ntawm qhov no:

- Cov menyuam yaus niaj hnub no feem ntau tsis nyob hauv tsev ntau. Lawv tsis khoom ntau dua nrog kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntxiv, - piav qhia Alexandra Bochaver.- Tab sis yog tias ua ntej lub voj voog ua raws li qhov xav tau ntawm tus menyuam - "Drama lub voj voog, ib lub voj voog los ntawm daim duab, thiab kuv kuj xav hu nkauj … " (qhov no yog ib zaj paj huam hais txog kev xaiv - lub voj voog twg mus rau), tam sim no cov niam txiv xaiv rau cov me nyuam, tsom mus rau dab tsi, yuav ua li cas nws zoo li lawv hais tias nws yuav pab tau lawv xaiv ib tug xav tau los yog muaj koob meej txoj hauj lwm.

LUB SIJ HAWM LOS YOG Different

Dab tsi ntxiv yog feem ntau raug liam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tam sim no yog tias nws hais txog kev sib raug zoo stratification. Lawv hais tias, ua ntej, txhua leej txhua tus hnav ib yam nkaus thiab tsis qhia tawm, tab sis tam sim no muaj kev sib tw tsis tu ncua - leej twg muaj lub txias tshaj plaws iPhone thiab ntau fashionable khau ntaub.

- Muaj kev sib raug zoo txawm tias thaum ntawd, nws tsuas yog tias muaj tsawg tus neeg nplua nuj heev, lawv tau ntsib tsawg dua. Feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem yeej nyob ntawm tib theem, - hais tias Katerina Polivanova. - Kuv lub tswv yim yog hais tias kev sib raug zoo stratification yog kis mus rau cov me nyuam los ntawm saum toj no, los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv. Thiab yog tias cov neeg laus hais tias: peb pluag los yog qhov tsis sib xws: peb nplua nuj, peb tau nplua nuj nag hmo, hnub no peb yuav qhia qhov no rau txhua tus, - tau kawg, qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus.

Feem ntau, cov tub ntxhais kawm qib 5 niaj hnub no tau hloov pauv ntau yam ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev paub ntau dua li lawv cov phooj ywg 50 xyoo dhau los. Ntawm lawv muaj ob tug laus thiab tseem menyuam yaus! Peb pog yawg nyob rau lub hnub nyoog no tau nyob ze ib leeg.

Cov neeg laus ploj lawm

Thaum nug tias vim li cas cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau hloov pauv ntau, cov kws tshawb fawb tsuas teb - lub neej nws tus kheej tau hloov pauv.

- Niaj hnub no, kwv yees hais lus, tsis yog txhua tus yuav tsum ua haujlwm ntawm kab sib dhos. Thiab xws li kev ua haujlwm txhais tau hais tias koj yuav tsum tuaj raws sijhawm, ua kom tiav koj txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm, uas yog, ua txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau ua ntawm tus neeg laus, '' suav nrog Katerina Nikolaevna. - Tam sim no kev lag luam loj hlob tau tshwm sim ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntawm lwm yam, ntawm kev siv nyiaj txiag. Thiab ib tug neeg tuaj yeem tsim cov tswv yim tshiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 30, thiab ntawm 60. Cov kab ntawm cov hnub nyoog yog qhov muag plooj. Thiab cov neeg laus - nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias cov no yog cov neeg uas muaj lub luag hauj lwm, raws sij hawm, leej twg ua dab tsi yuav tsum tau ntawm lawv - qhov no, alas, yog ib tug dhau qhov xwm txheej.

QHOV TSEEB

Lub tsev kawm ntawv twg koj nyiam tshaj plaws - Soviet lossis tam sim no?

Sergei MALINKOVICH, tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Central Committee ntawm Pawg Neeg Sab Laj ntawm Russia:

- Kuv nyiam Soviet thiab tsis nyiam tam sim no. Lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet kawm tiav cov neeg hlub thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no kawm tiav los ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj zog thiab cov nyiaj-grubbers.

Dmitry GUSHCHIN, "Xib Fwb Xyoo ntawm Russia 2007":

- Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, cov tsev kawm ntawv tau qhia raws li kev koom ua ke cov kev pab cuam, muab ib tug unified kab lis kev cai code. Qhov ntxiv yog qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab, lawv tsis tau ua tiav hauv ib hnub. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tam sim no suav nrog tus kheej ntawm tus menyuam thiab tsom mus rau nws qhov kev xaiv.

Andrey KOLYADIN, kws tshawb fawb txog nom tswv:

- Kuv nyiam lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub neej tshaj plaws. Tsis zoo li Soviet ib tug, nws yog tsawg ideologized. Thiab tsis zoo li niaj hnub no, nws tsis tshua muaj kev ntseeg.

Sergey IVASHKIN, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Samara Waldorf Tsev Kawm Ntawv:

- Cov tsev kawm ntawv Soviet tau zoo ib yam nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj kev zam. Niaj hnub no, cov tsev kawm ntawv txawv ntawm kev kawm kev xav.

Alexander SHEPEL, Tus kws kho mob ntawm Biological Sciences:

- Hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet muaj ntau lub voj voog dawb uas koj tuaj yeem ua qhov koj nyiam. Tam sim no txhua yam nyob ntawm cov nyiaj.

Sergey YAZEV, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Astro-Observatory ntawm ISU:

- Kuv nyiam lub tsev kawm ntawv tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas nws siv qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws hauv Soviet. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txheej txheem thiab ntau tus kws qhia ntawv tseem yog los ntawm Soviet xyaum.

Roza MAKULOVA, tus kws qhia ntawv nrog 40 xyoo ntawm kev paub:

- Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, cov niam txiv thiab cov me nyuam nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Lawv mus cuag cov kws qhia ntawv thiab kawm ntau lub luag haujlwm.

Anatoly BARONENKO, tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog 50 xyoo ntawm kev paub:

- Nrog ob txhais tes rau lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet - nws tau txais cov kev cai ntawm tsarist gymnasium. Kev paub muab qhov tseem ceeb, thiab tam sim no "kev txawj ntse." Tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsis muaj daim duab tiav.

Alexander YAKIMOV, qub tub rog ntawm Great Patriotic War:

- Thaum kuv nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv muaj xya chav kawm. Tom qab ntawd, nws twb tau nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm txuj ci. Tab sis peb tau kawm txog algebra, geography, thiab physics. Thiab cov xeeb ntxwv mus rau hauv Internet ntawm txhua qhov teeb meem.