Suab paj nruag, kws sau paj lug thiab Russians: kev tshwm sim ntawm lub composer Sviridov

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Composer Georgy Sviridov khaws cia ib lub chaw muag mis nyuj los ntawm thaum ntxov 1970s mus rau nruab nrab-1990s. Nyob rau hauv nws nws yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub thiaj li hu. "Lavxias teb sab tog" nyob rau hauv lub USSR - feem ntau sau txog suab paj nruag, tab sis muaj cov kab hais txog cov ntaub ntawv, kev soj ntsuam ntawm Soviet lub neej. Yog li ntawd, Sviridov ntxub Mayakovsky thiab Akhmatova, xav txog lawv txoj hauj lwm khav theeb thiab txawv txawv rau Lavxias teb sab, thiab lawv lawv tus kheej yog opportunists.

Nws tsoo Meyerhold rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam (cov successors ntawm nws ua hauj lwm yog Efros thiab Lyubimov). Tus composer Shostakovich yog ib tug schematic rau nws. Yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv lub USSR, Sviridov sighs.

Georgy Sviridov nyob rau hauv lub neej ntev - nws yug los nyob rau hauv 1915 thiab tuag nyob rau hauv 1998, i.e. Thaum lub hnub nyoog nco qab nws pom xyoo 1920, hauv nws cov hluas - xyoo 1930, thiab tom qab ntawd - tag nrho lwm theem ntawm lub neej ntawm USSR thiab Russia tshiab. Sviridov, raws li ib tug composer thiab pianist, tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws los ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv: ntau yam khoom plig (Stalin thiab lub xeev nqi zog, Hero ntawm Socialist Labor, neeg Artist ntawm lub USSR), ib tug loj chav tsev thiab ib tug dacha, zoo royalties (piv txwv li, nws. sau tias nyob rau hauv 1970s 6-8 txhiab rubles ntawm royalties rau rau lub hlis - tshwj tsis yog rau ib tug loj nyiaj hli - yog ib qho kev xyaum). Tab sis nrog xws li tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm cov tub ceev xwm rau nws, Sviridov tseem yog ib tug "tseem ceeb dissident", tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv lub liberal, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub patriotic, Lavxias teb sab-lub teb chaws txoj kev xav. Nws tsis nyiam cov neeg Yudais, npau taws ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse mus rau pawg ntseeg, thiab "groveling" ua ntej rau sab hnub poob. Sviridov khaws cia ib daim ntawv teev npe rau ntau tshaj peb caug xyoo; nws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2017 los ntawm Molodaya Gvardiya publishing tsev nyob rau hauv lub title Music li Destiny. Peb nthuav qhia qee qhov ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag thiab kab lis kev cai.

xyoo 1981

Tag nrho Mayakovsky (tag nrho yuav luag 14 ntim!) yog ib tug kws sau paj huam. Invented hlub, invented Revolution, invented rhymes, invented los ntawm nws tus kheej, fake mus kawg, mus rau qhov txwv. Tsis tau tsim ib qho kev npau taws qus uas tawg rau hauv nws, nchuav tawm rau txhua tus. Thaum xub thawj, ntawm cov nplua nuj thiab noj qab nyob zoo (tab sis nrog kev tsom xam !!! los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias tag nrho !!), thiab thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej ntawm cov neeg pluag (cov neeg ua hauj lwm), uas zoo li nws faceless, insignificant, nyob rau hauv tshiab cov nom tswv (tab sis kuj tsis yog txhua tus !!!) … Nws tus kheej - yog tus tuav ntawm kev phem thiab hneev tsuas yog ua ntej lwm qhov kev phem phem tawm ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, tawm ntawm lub siab xav ua kom txaus siab rau nws qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntau dhau. Qhov kev saib tsis taus no yog lub hauv paus tsav tsheb tom qab nws.

Ib tug neeg dag, ob lub siab, nrog lub siab txias, uas tsuas nyiam kev qhuas, uas txhua tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws ua siab dawb lavished. Thiab nws maj mam dhau los ua qhev ntawm cov neeg uas lavished no ntau, feem ntau dag (thiab qee zaum los ntawm lub siab) qhuas nws.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li ib nrab xyoo 1950, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm latent (thiab tom qab qhib) bourgeois nyiam, hom neeg ua lag luam, tus neeg ua lag luam dexterous, saib tsis taus, paub zoo txog cov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej. (tshiab rau cov neeg zoo li no), leej twg paub yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau tus yuam sij rau kev ua hauv cov xwm txheej tshiab no.

Hom no (hauv essence - Chichikov) yog dav heev. Pom: composers-Chichikovs (muaj ntau ntawm lawv), singers-Chichikovs, conductors-Chichikovs (muaj ntau ntawm lawv) thiab lwm yam. Kev lag luam los ua txawv teb chaws pauv, thoob ntiaj teb. Lawv pib ua lag luam loj, muaj cai mus txog Tswv Yexus-muag. Kev kub hnyiab me me thiab kulaks muab txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg lag luam ntawm hom thoob ntiaj teb. Thiab tag nrho cov no yog cov neeg muaj peev xwm.

Muaj kev kos duab - raws li lub suab ntawm tus ntsuj plig, raws li kev lees txim ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Qhov no yog kev lig kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, thiab tej zaum txawm tias ua ntej, los ntawm Tebchaws Europe tuaj (thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav tawm) lub tswv yim ntawm kev kos duab ua kev lom zem rau cov neeg nplua nuj, rau cov khoom noj zoo, kos duab ua kev lag luam, kos duab ua lag luam. Kev kos duab zoo li kev lom zem, zoo li kev nplij siab. Art yog tus cwj pwm ntawm kev nplij siab.

Anti-suab paj nruag, zoo li txhua yam kev coj noj coj ua, tshwm sim (tsis ntev los no) txoj cai nyob ntawd (nrog rau) kab lis kev cai tseeb. Nws, raws li nws yog, teeb tawm qhov tom kawg, ua rau ntau qhov kev sib cav ntawm nws, qhov ntxeev ntawm nws. Qhov no yog, piv txwv li, bourgeois-decadent Meyerhold ua yeeb yam, uas tshwm sim thiab tawm tsam nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov tendencies lub hauv paus ntawm peb kab lis kev cai, yog hais tias peb txhais los ntawm nws: Pushkin, Glinka, Mussorgsky, Dostoevsky, Blok, Rachmaninov, Nesterov.

Tom qab lub kaum hli ntuj coup, Meyerhold, uas tau hloov ntau yam kev ntseeg ntawm sab ntsuj plig mus txog rau thaum ntawd: los ntawm ib tug neeg Yudais tig mus rau ib tug Catholic, los ntawm ib tug Catholic Karl Franz Casimir mus rau ib tug Orthodox nrog lub npe tsis meej pem Vsevolod, los ntawm ib tug Orthodox (xws li ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau mus koom lub Orthodox). quab yuam) mus rau hauv ib tug tswv cuab uas tam sim ntawd los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm tag nrho cov ua yeeb yam ntawm RSFSR, ib tug honorary Red Army tub rog ntawm sab hauv kev ruaj ntseg rog, tus thawj coj ntawm lub ua yeeb yam Lub kaum hli ntuj.

Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm daim duab no, kev sim ua kom puas Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam, uas ua tsis tau zoo heev thaum lub neej ntawm nws tus thawj coj, tab sis tam sim no tau ua tiav tiav los ntawm nws cov thwjtim xws li: Efremov, Efros, Pokrovsky. Temirkanova thiab lwm tus.

Puas yog nws muaj peev xwm ua kom rov muaj lub tsev ua yeeb yam Lavxias? Vim li cas ho tsis? Muaj, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Fabkis lub Fabkis Comedy Theatre, lub Moliere Theatre. Nrog rau nws muaj suav tsis txheeb (tawm thiab tuag) me me bourgeois theaters, qee zaum nthuav heev. Tab sis cov no feem ntau yog ua yeeb yam ntawm ib tus thawj coj, ib lossis ob tus neeg ua yeeb yam, thiab qee zaum ib pawg.

Tab sis qhov no tsis yog lub teb chaws ua yeeb yam, Fabkis Comedy theatre, Molier theatre, uas embodies tus ntsuj plig ntawm Fabkis rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no.

Txawm hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag Fabkis txoj kev txawj ntse, thiab hauv kev ua yeeb yam tau hais tawm nrog lub zog zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nws txaus los hais txog Wiese, Gounod, Debussy, Carmen, Faust, Pelléas thiab Melisande, Fabkis tsis muaj lawv tus kheej Molier hauv kev ua yeeb yam.. Lub operatic style ntawm Fabkis ua yeeb yam yog me ntsis variegated thiab tsis yog li ntawd, tej zaum, ib qho tseem ceeb.

Lavxias teb sab opera yog qhov txawv. Qhov no yog ib tug monolith.

Yog tsis muaj exaggeration, peb muaj peev xwm hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia hais tias ib tug ntawm nws feem ntau cherished, tsis pub leejtwg paub cov lus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai, nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntsuj plig.

Rachmaninov yog tus txais los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab opera, txais los ntawm Kitezh thiab tus successor ntawm no kab, qhov tob thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruas kos duab.

Lavxias teb sab opera nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 yog ib lub roob, ib lub roob, lub siab peaks uas mus rau niaj hnub no tseem nyob tsis tau, thiab tsiv mus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm peb, lawv ua ntau thiab ntau nkag tsis tau.

"Ivan Susanin", "Prince Igor". "Boris", "Khovanshchina" thiab "Kitezh" - qhov no series belongs rau lub loj tshaj creation ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kos duab, kuv xav hais tias, lub ntiaj teb no ntsuj plig. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau qhov no grandiose thiab heev heev thawj epic, muaj amazing piv txwv ntawm romantic opera: "Lub Mermaid", "Eugene Onegin", "Lama ntawm Spades", "Cherevichki", "Tus Tsar's Bride", "Lub Golden. Cockerel". "Hmo ua ntej Christmas", "Sorochinskaya Fair", lyrical thiab ua yeeb yam (xws li "Tus poj huab tais ntawm Spades" los yog "Onegin"), zoo heev, comic, keeb kwm … Dab tsi yog kev nplua nuj, kev zoo nkauj thiab ntau yam!

Qhov no yog ib tug dab neeg hais txog Russia, ib tug sublime, majestic thiab tragic dab neeg. Qhov no yog dab tsi tsov rog tawm tsam. Qhov no yog dab tsi tau spat on, hushed up, tau qias neeg. Russia tshwm nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg no raws li ib tug neeg muaj los ntawm lub tswv yim zoo thiab noblest ntawm kev ua kwv tij thiab kev hlub thoob ntiaj teb, loyalty thiab self-saving. Qhov no yog qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam, qhov no yog dab tsi cov ntsuj plig, kev phem, kev cob qhia zoo eunuchs ntxub.

Koj tsis tas yuav yog ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb kom nkag siab qhov txawv ntawm "Boris Godunov", "Khovanshchina" thiab "Tus Neeg twv txiaj" lossis "Katerina Izmailova".

Thaum kawg: "Qhov twg yuav tsum muaj kev kawm tshwj xeeb kom nkag siab txog kev kos duab, kos duab xaus rau ntawd." Yog li hais tias ib tug txawj ntse "sab laug" thuam ntawm pre-revolutionary xyoo (N. Punin).

Mayakovsky cov paj huam, ib yam li cov paj huam ntawm Akhmatova thiab lwm yam "xaiv" (lawv lawv tus kheej xaiv) cov kws sau paj huam, ua pa nyuaj rau cov neeg nyiam, uas, nyob rau hauv Mandelstamp txoj hauj lwm, hloov mus rau hauv kev ntxub ntawm txhua yam Lavxias teb sab. Yog li lawv cov organic kev ntxub ntxaug rau Yesenin, rau txhua tus neeg txawj ntse, ib zaug: rau Lomonosov, Koltsov, Mendeleev, Gorky.

Qhov tshwm sim no yog ib txwm nyob rau niaj hnub no, txawm hais tias niaj hnub no cov neeg xaiv yog txawv me ntsis ntawm kev sib raug zoo, sab ntsuj plig thiab lub teb chaws hauv lawv cov keeb kwm. Cov kev zam ntawm lawv yog Gorodetsky thiab Pasternak. Thawj - raws li lub aristocracy ntawm nws lub hauv paus chiv keeb, qhov thib ob - raws li lub meej mom (tsav) lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev cai raus dej neophyte, uas L. Tolstoy yog ib tug piv txwv.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco qab cov ntawv sau nrov ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo, xws li "Scheme of Laughter" thiab ntau ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub khav theeb hais txog cov Russians, rau txhua yam Lavxias teb sab ("Tshem tawm cov neeg uas tau huddled nyob rau hauv lub Moo Zoo ntawm Tolstoy los ntawm nyias ceg, nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb nrog ib tug hwj txwv!" thiab irritated kev khav theeb. Qhov no yog lub mechanism ntawm nws lub yeeb koob, lub neej thiab kev tuag nws tus kheej - fake, decorated. Yog vim li cas rau lub indifference ntawm cov neeg mus rau lub immensely, mob siab rau ambition (nrog rau qhov no) paj huam Mayakovsky, Akhmatova thiab lwm tus neeg yog lub alienation ntawm cov neeg lub siab nco qab, nyob rau hauv "kev thaj yeeb", nyob rau hauv feem ntau, zoo li ib tug tib neeg pawg neeg. Hauv kev ntseeg, tus kheej, tus neeg tau tshwm sim tsuas yog hauv kev tuag rau lawv txoj kev ntseeg, rau lawv txoj kev ntseeg, thiab qhov no nkag mus tob rau hauv cov neeg.

Tsis yog ib tus kws sau ntawv hauv keeb kwm tau raug cog rau hauv txoj kev uas Shostakovich tau cog rau hauv nws lub neej. Tag nrho lub zog ntawm lub xeev kev tshaj tawm yog tsom rau kev tshaj tawm tus kws sau nkauj no tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub sijhawm thiab tib neeg. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lub suab paj nruag ib puag ncig txaus siab txhawb cov lus dab neeg no. Nws yog, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus ntawm lub xeev composer uas teb rau tag nrho cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv pej xeem thiab nom tswv lub neej tsis tau tsuas yog nrog nws suav tsis txheeb cov ntawv, tab sis kuj nrog kev sib sau tsis kawg: los ntawm symphonies, oratorios mus ua las voos, nkauj, nkauj, thiab lwm yam.. Thiab, txawm hais tias qhov no cog los ntawm lub xeev thiab "square-zes" txoj kev, nws yeej tsis tau los ua ib tug pej xeem artist nyob rau hauv nws handicrafts los yog nyob rau hauv nws suab paj nruas thiab philosophical tswvyim, txawm hais tias, nrog rau tag nrho cov, ntau qhov zoo yuav nyob ntawm nws. tej zaum zoo nkauj heev. Tab sis haiv neeg, nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab ntawm Glinka, Mussorgsky, Borodin, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, yog lwm yam. Qee yam tshwj xeeb (siab dua, m. B.) Daim duab kos duab.

xyoo 1986

Lub peasant stratum tau ua haujlwm ntev los ua kev txhawb nqa suab paj nruag. Nws ploj mus tau deprived peb suab paj nruag intonation txhawb. Cov neeg Lavxias tam sim no hu nkauj thiab seev cev rau lwm tus lub suab. Xav paub! Vajtswv, yuav ua li cas lub xeev tiv thaiv hippies, "punks" - Vajtswv txwv tsis pub kov lawv! Lub caij no, lo lus "punks" hauv kev txhais lus txhais tau tias "poob", "scum". Cov ntawv xov xwm nrov "Ogonyok" tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg tiv thaiv pej xeem, tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm lub nroog "dud", nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm txhua qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees tshwm sim. Tab sis nws hloov tawm hais tias qhov no tsis yog "kev phem", nws yog - purity thiab kev coj dawb huv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis txhob xav txog cov teeb meem loj ntawm lub neej: yuav ua li cas ntxiv, vim li cas kuv thiaj muaj nyob, leej twg tswj peb?

Lub Rau Hli 1, 1987

Lub thirties yog sharply muab faib mus rau hauv peculiar lub sij hawm.

Xyoo 1929-33. Lub sij hawm turbulent, kev vam meej ntawm kev ua ub no ntawm LEF, RAPM thiab RAPP, collectivization, overes, "kiv taub hau nrog kev vam meej", tsib-xyoo txoj kev npaj, factories, Dneproges, accelerated kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas (kev xyaum), kev tshem tawm ntawm kev tsis nyeem ntawv (ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, uas kuv tau raug tso tawm, kuv niam muab ib tug kws kho mob daim ntawv pov thawj thiab coj nws mus kawm ntawv, zais ntawm kuv). Cov chav kawm ntawm ib lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau suab paj nruag. Kuv sau ntawv tawm los ntawm nyiaj ntsuab ntawm kev xa khoom; Kuv nco qab qhov kev yuav khoom ntawm qhov muag tsis pom clavier "Boris Godunov" (tshaj tawm los ntawm V. Bessel), Kuv nco qab - ntaus los ntawm chords, tsis xav txog kev sib haum xeeb. Txoj kev daws yog mob siab rau koj tus kheej rau suab paj nruag. Kev mus rau Leningrad - 1932- lub ntiaj teb tshiab kiag li, loj heev zoo li dej hiav txwv.

Nyuaj, tshaib plab xyoo 1932-33-34. Lub zog tshiab hauv lub neej ntawm sab ntsuj plig: kev tshem tawm ntawm RAPM, kev tsim ntawm Cov Neeg Sau Ntawv, lub luag haujlwm loj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm Gorky. (Tab sis tsis muaj - Yesenin, Klyuev. Akhmatova, Zamyatin, Bulgakov, Platonov.)

Lwm xyoo 1934-35-36. Nesterov qhov kev nthuav qhia, qhov tsis txaus ntseeg (hauv zej zog) rau Malevich (nws "squares" dai rau hauv Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej, nws hu ua Suprematism). Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog Humanism, ces Proletarian Humanism. Suab paj nruag - "Lady Macbeth" (yog qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tshaj tawm loj), Prokofiev tsis nthuav, zoo li "salon", tom qab ntawd - lub ci ci "Romeo thiab Juliet", qhov no yog qhov kev tawm tsam loj. Sollertinsky thuam: qhuav, tsis muaj romanticism, kev hlub outburst thiab passions (a la Tchaikovsky, lub ntsiab lus "Italian capriccio"), tsis muaj neeg coob coob, "picturesque rags" (nws cov lus), tsis muaj uas tsis muaj stereotype ntawm ltalis. Nws yog me ntsis txaus siab rau kuv, Kuv tau tag nrho ntawm kev xav txog cov hluas, kuv tau txais ntau lub suab paj nruag, kuv nyiam thaum ntxov rau Shostakovich lub suab paj nruag: opera, piano concert, preludes rau piano (tig mus rau "classical").

Cinema - ntau yam uas tom qab khav, nrog rau "Chapaev".

Sawv ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv kos duab. "Peter kuv" los ntawm Tolstoy (nws zoo li!). Lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, suab nrov, neeg txawv teb chaws, uas tom qab ntawd zoo li cov neeg los ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb.

1934-35 Leningrad, Kirov, tsev hais plaub, ntawv pov thawj, thiab lwm yam.

[Txij li xyoo 1936, ib qho tshiab tag nrho, kev tuag ntawm Gorky.] Qhov no kuv tsis tau nkag siab thaum ntawd, nyob ib leeg hauv tsev so, txhua tus nqa tawm los ntawm kev tawm tsam kom muaj sia nyob (Kuv nyob tshaib plab, txaus ntshai) thiab nqus suab paj nruag, feem ntau yog classic.

1935 "Pushkin Romances" - hloov kuv lub neej. Kev paub nrog Ivan Dzerzhinsky - Kuv nyiam nws zaj nkauj thaum ntxov (2 lub voj voog), "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav" - zoo nkauj heev, hluas (rau piano), pib ntawm "Quie Don". Yuav ua li cas tshiab, nws zoo li tshiab Shostakovich, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib yam dab tsi intonationally tuag (thiab tseem mus txog rau thaum kawg).

2nd ib nrab ntawm lub 30s - nws tau mob zuj zus tuaj. Lub zog ntawm Soviet symphony, kev kawm tshiab, kev vam meej ntawm "daim ntawv". Kuv yuav tsum kawm. Mob siab rau cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub: Stravinsky, Hindemith, Berg (raws li clavier "Wozzeck" thiab "Lulu", Kuv nyiam thawj), Ksenek, yog li, Rieti, Kuv nyiam nws. Txhua yam Jewish yog nyob rau hauv vogue.

"King Lear" Mikhoels, tag nrho cov cinematography, "Jolly Fellows", Dunaevsky tau txais qhov kev txiav txim, nkag mus rau lub Union thiab tsa nws tus thawj coj. Txog thaum ntawd, lub Union tau coj los ntawm Boris Fingert, Vlad. Efim. Yokhelson, Bor. Samoilovich Kesselman, Lev Moiseevich Kruts, Tatiana (?) Yakovl. Svirina (lub xeem lub npe los ntawm nws tus txiv, tus poj niam txaus ntshai tshaj plaws), kuj muaj ib tug typist Polina Egintova, nws tus txiv yog tom qab tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Muzfond - ib tug loj heev swindler (ntau lab tus neeg mob), raug nthuav tawm los ntawm ib tug hluas tshawb fawb los ntawm Kharkov, ntes tau liab-tes, tau txais 25 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub camps. Tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm Union tau tshaj 40 tus neeg! Kuv xav tias muaj 20-25 Russians.

"Lub paj" ntawm lub nightmarish Utesov, los ntawm tag nrho cov txoj kev nrov nrov thundered: "Poj ib khob. Rose, kuv zoo siab, vim hais tias ntawm lub rooj hnub no - koj thiab kuv! Zoo, koj yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, Rose, cov me nyuam li peb cov tub?!!!"

Cov kws sau ntawv nto moo ntawm 30s thaum ntxov: Babel, Kataev, Olesha, Nikulin, Bagritsky, Tynyanov, Kozakov, Kaverin, Fedin, Ilf thiab Petrov, Zoshchenko. A. Tolstoy - yog tus hwm tshaj plaws, sau ntau heev.

Cov neeg tseem ceeb kuj suav nrog cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab, txhua tus tib yam. Mayakovsky tau tshaj tawm tias "tus kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm." Yesenin tseem nruj nreem txwv. Tus neeg ua si chess Lasker tuaj rau USSR rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Nws tau nthuav tawm raws li lub ntiaj teb kev tshwm sim, nrog rau kev ua tiav ntawm Botvinnik, tus yeej Soviet. Ib tiam tshiab ntawm cov kws sau paj huam tau loj hlob tuaj: Kulchitsky thiab Kogan - "Tsuas yog lub tebchaws Soviet yuav yog thiab tsuas yog cov haiv neeg Soviet xwb!" Vim li cas qhov no zoo dua li cov neeg German?

Nws tau hnyav dua thiab ua pa nyuaj. Cov huab cua hauv chav kawm Shostakovich yog unbearable. Txhua qhov chaw "Pearl" yog tib yam - hauv ntawv, paj huam, xinesmas, ua yeeb yam, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, xov tooj cua - txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm loj, suav nrog TASS, tshaj tawm hauv zos - txhua yam nyob hauv tib neeg txhais tes. Lo lus "Lavxias teb sab" raug txwv tag nrho, zoo li xyoo 1920s."Russia" - lo lus nws tus kheej yog anachronism, thiab nws tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb los siv nws hauv kev sib tham.

Tag nrho cov kev ua tsov ua rog ua ntej, hnyav, tsaus xyoo, kev sim siab tsis kawg, kev sim siab, raug ntes. Kuv nyob kho siab khuav, cov phooj ywg, ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lo lus, tsis muaj, muaj cov phooj ywg ntawm ib tug haus, "haus" hom. Kev paub nrog Shostakovich, uas kuv tau kho nrog kev hwm thiab txaus siab rau nws txoj kev ua siab zoo (yog li, tsawg kawg, nws zoo li kuv) tus cwj pwm rau kuv. Kuv nyiam cov nkauj hluas nkauj ntawm Ivan Dzerzhinsky. Nws muaj qhov zoo nkauj tshiab hauv nws. Suab paj nruag tsis muaj "symphony" (tsis muaj kev txhim kho), "tsis ua yeeb yam", raws li kuv cov phooj ywg kawm O. Yevlakhov tau hais (hauv lub suab ntawm kev rau txim). Rau kuv, tsuas yog, nws zoo li tshiab. Hmoov tsis zoo, tom qab thawj zaug thiab kev ua tiav zoo (nrog "Quiet Don"), Dzerzhinsky twb sim ua kom txaus siab, "kom ua tau zoo." Virgin Av Upturned yog qhov tsis muaj zog: lub neej niaj hnub, tsis muaj paj huam tshwj xeeb, ces tej yam mus rau qhov phem heev. Tsev neeg opera, alas, sai sai sab nws tus kheej.

"Symphony" thiab official song (Dunaevsky lub sij hawm) los ua lub xeev art. Khrennikov's "Nyob rau hauv Tempest" - nws twb nyuam qhuav ploj mus, tab sis "Semyon Kotko", sau nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv theem ntawm txuj ci, kev paub thiab saj, kuj yog fake, ib hom ntawv nyeem tsis tseem ceeb, tshwj tsis yog rau qhov no bitingly sau scene nrog hluav taws, npau taws thiab Lwm yam cwj pwm ntawm opera naturalism.

Kawm hauv [Shostakovich's] chav kawm ntawm Conservatory thiab ib puag ncig hauv nws tau ua nyuaj rau dais. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - 1940 - Kuv tsis meej pem kiag li, tsis paub yuav ua li cas, sau dab tsi (thiab ntev ntev kuv tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab kuv). Lub hom phiaj loj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd ua rau kuv txaus ntshai heev. Ua raws li cov luminaries - Stravinsky, uas kuv tau kawm zoo los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd (Kuv kuj paub nws cov haujlwm kawg: "Persephone", Symphony of Psalms, ballet "Playing cards"), Kuv ua tsis tau, nws yog neeg txawv teb chaws.

Shostakovich lub symphonies - 5th, 6th - muaj ib tug loj heev resonance, txawm hais tias muaj coob tus tau wry lawv lub qhov ncauj: ob leeg laus thiab cov hluas. Kuv nco qab tias qee cov tub ntxhais kawm, piv txwv li SR Musselius, tus txiv neej ncaj ncees, hu ua cov nkauj no hu ua Miasma No. 1 thiab Miasma No. 2. Txawm li cas los xij, hais txog nws yam tsis muaj kev ua phem, tab sis tsuas yog ironically. Ua ntej tsov rog nws tus kheej, Shostakovich lub suab paj nruag tshwm sim: ob symphonies (5, 6), quartet No. 1, quintet. Nws yog heev impressive, siav, nws lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes twb pom ua ntej - lub 8th symphony, tom qab uas lub lag luam maj mam pib poob, tab sis tseem tsis muaj tus neeg sib tw rau nws. Nyob rau hauv hom suab paj nruag uas reigned ces, kuv xav tias, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los sib tw nrog nws. Cov tswv yim tshiab tseem tsis tau paub tab, tsis tau tshwm sim. Yog, thiab nws yog qhov nyuaj los txheeb xyuas lawv. Tom qab tag nrho, kev ua tsov ua rog tau tawm tsam nyob rau hauv tus chij ntawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam lub teb chaws (txawm tias nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv phem).