Daim ntawv qhia ntawm "Fool's Cap" - ib tug riddle ntawm cartography

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas tuaj yeem hais txog nws nrog qhov tseeb yog tias nws tau tsim qee lub sijhawm xyoo 1580-1590. Tab sis qhov chaw txawv txawm nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov projection siv nyob rau hauv nws - ib co sib cav hais tias nws yog ib tug ptolemic (uas yog, equidistant conical) system, lwm tus neeg hais tias nws zoo ib yam li Mercator thiab / los yog Ortelius txheej txheem. Daim ntawv qhia qhia txog lub ntiaj teb "hnav khaub ncaws" nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev hais plaub jester: lub kaus mom ob-horned nrog tswb thiab ib tug jester cov neeg ua haujlwm. Lub ntsej muag tsis pom (lossis hloov pauv) los ntawm daim npav, tsim kom muaj kev xav tsis zoo thiab hem.

Qhib daim ntawv qhia puv npo

Lub Jester archetype, sawv cev ntawm no hauv nws incarnation ntawm lub tsev hais plaub jester, yog thawj qhov taw qhia ntawm qee lub ntsiab lus tob hauv daim npav los ntawm nws tus tsim. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tus jester yog ib lub tsev hais plaub uas tau tso cai thuam tus kav thiab hais lus qhov tseeb. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum lub sijhawm ua rau muaj kev tsis ncaj ncees rau monarchical absolutism. Tab sis kev thuam ntawm hom no tsuas yog ua tau yog tias nws tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Jester - nyiam dua tus neeg hunchback dwarf, uas yog, tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau qhov tseeb. Tag nrho cov no tau pom tseeb thiab paub zoo rau cov neeg uas saib daim ntawv qhia no nyob rau xyoo pua 16th. Qhov tseeb tsis yooj yim uas daim duab qhia no tau hais yog tias lub ntiaj teb no yog qhov tsaus ntuj, tsis muaj tseeb thiab tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab lub neej hauv nws yog qhov qias neeg, lim hiam thiab luv luv.

Qhov no yog underlined los ntawm cov lus hais los ntawm biblical thiab classical qhov chaw nyob thoob plaws hauv daim ntawv qhia. Cov kab lus nyob rau sab laug ntawm daim ntawv qhia nyeem: "Democritus ntawm Abdera luag rau lub ntiaj teb, Heraclitus ntawm Ephesus quaj rau nws, Epichton lub Cosmopolitan portrayed nws." Ntawm lub kaus mom yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm Latin ntawm Greek maxim, "Know yourself." Ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm lub kaus mom yog inscription "O lub taub hau, tsim nyog ntawm koob tshuaj hellebore." (Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, qee cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg hellebore tau siv los ua tshuaj. Raws li cov ancients, hellebore ua rau vwm)

Yog vim li cas rau ntau yam teeb meem thiab kev sib cav sib ceg tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv nqe lus los ntawm Cov Lus Qhuab Qhia hauv qab daim duab qhia: "Tus lej ntawm cov neeg ruam yog qhov kawg." Lwm qhov kev tsocai los ntawm tib phau ntawv uas nyuaj siab hauv phau Vajlugkub yog nyob rau ntawm jester cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab nyeem: "Vajntxwv yog qhov tsis pom kev, txhua yam yog qhov tsis pom kev." Cov paib adorning lub xub pwg pluaj dais ob peb ntxiv ntawm tib lo lus txhawb nqa: “Au, kev txhawj xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no; ntau npaum li cas trivial muaj nyob rau hauv nws", "Txhua tus neeg yog devoid of common sense", thiab "Txhua yam yog vain: sib npaug txhua tus neeg uas nyob."

Rau qee cov kws tshawb fawb, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus no, nrog rau lawv qhov kev piav qhia hauv cov duab kos ib puag ncig, taw qhia rau cov ntseeg me me uas hu ua "Tsev Neeg Kev Hlub". Cov lus xaiv muaj nws hais tias tus naas ej Flemish cartographer Ortelius kuj yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg neeg no.

Ntau yam tseem tsis tau paub, txawm li cas los xij, raws li qhov kawg ntawm daim duab kos duab puzzle no yog lub npe sau rau ntawm lub ces kaum sab laug: Orontius Phineus. Lub npe no yog txuam nrog ib daim ntawv qhia tsis meej 1531 uas piav qhia txog qhov dej khov thiab dej tsis muaj dej hauv Antarctica. Qhov tseeb no tsa ntau cov lus nug tshiab. Vim li cas lub npe no tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv qhia uas tau tshwm sim ntau xyoo tom qab? Tus neeg no puas yog tus tsim daim npav no? Thiab nws yuav tsum tau lees paub tias feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas daim npav no nqa nrog nws tseem yog qhov tsis meej tag rau hnub no.