"Ib txwm npaj txhij!": Lub luag haujlwm twg yog cov tho kev ua si hauv keeb kwm ntawm USSR

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Hnub Pioneer, alas, tsis yog hnub so hauv peb lub tebchaws ntev dhau los. Qee qhov seem ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub koom haum tseem muaj nyob, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib qho duab ntxoov ntxoo daj ntawm lub zog loj uas tau puag tag nrho cov tub ntxhais hluas …

Hnub Pioneers, uas poob rau lub Tsib Hlis 19, alas, tau tso tseg tsis yog hnub so hauv peb lub tebchaws ntev dhau los. Qee qhov seem ntawm ib lub koom haum me nyuam yaus uas muaj zog tshaj plaws tseem muaj nyob, tab sis qhov no, peb lees paub hauv txhua qhov kev ncaj ncees, tsuas yog ib qho duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm kev txav mus los uas, txij li nruab nrab mus rau 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum thiab txog thaum lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub zog. Soviet Union, embraced nws cov hluas tiam yuav luag tsis muaj kev zam.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm "perestroika", All-Union Pioneer Organization muaj npe tom qab V. I. Lenin tau ua siab dav nplawm thiab thuam los ntawm nws cov koom haum thiab muaj cov thwjtim. Niaj hnub no peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias lub luag haujlwm thiab qhov chaw ntawm Soviet pioneer nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws yog underestimated kiag li thiab unjustifiably silenced. Cia peb sim kho qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees no - ntau li ntau tau nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib tsab xov xwm.

Scouting Communist

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis txhob hais tias heev hais txog ntawm lub pioneer lub koom haum evokes tiag paroxysms ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug thiab npau taws nyob rau hauv lub domestic liberal pej xeem. Nws tsis txaus siab rau cov txiv neej no, tej zaum me ntsis tsawg dua NKVD thiab Comrade Beria … Tau tshaj tawm tus thawj coj "soviet tshuab rau kev dag thiab ua tub rog rau menyuam yaus", peb cov neeg ywj pheej dhau los ua ntau yam tsis muaj tseeb thiab lus dab neeg txog nws qhov kev ua tub rog. lawv tawm yog tseem ua hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, cia peb sim daws yam tsawg kawg ntawm qee qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab tom qab ntawd - yuav ua li cas nws yuav tig tawm. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tsoomfwv Soviet raug liam tias raug liam tias "nyem" lub tswv yim ntawm "tus neeg saib xyuas zoo" los ntawm nws cov neeg tsim, "repainting nws liab thiab sau nws nrog cov ntsiab lus tsis tsim nyog kiag li." Txhawm rau mloog cov neeg txawj ntse zoo li no, cov pioneers "copy" txhua yam los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb - los ntawm cov cwj pwm thiab cov lus qhia rau lub koom haum, thiab tom qab ntawd cog lus tias lawv tau tsim txhua yam ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tsis muaj tseeb, tau kawg. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tsis muaj leej twg tau zais qhov tseeb tias thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev tsim lub koom haum pioneer, qhov tseeb, tau ua tom qab ob peb tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Nadezhda Krupskaya, uas muaj lub npe "Ntawm Tub Scoutism." Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub creation ntawm lub Soviet pioneer yog Innokenty Zhukov, tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug tseem ceeb daim duab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab scout zog, tab sis nyob rau hauv yav tas los tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Scout zej zog. Bolsheviks tsuas yog tsis "rov tsim lub log", tab sis tom qab saib ze, lawv tau txais kev paub zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, ib txwm, hloov pauv hauv lawv tus kheej, raws li cov kev xav tau ceev thiab kev npaj rau yav tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, kom yaum cov pioneers vim tias lawv muaj tib txoj hlua khi thiab lub ntsiab lus "Nyob rau hauv" - "Nco ntsoov npaj!" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag, thiab tsis yog ib co octagon nrog squiggles …

Tam sim no - txog ideology, thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, hais txog "militarism". Yog tias leej twg tsis paub, ces Colonel (thiab tom qab Lieutenant General) ntawm British Royal Armed Forces Robert Stephenson Smith Baden-Powell, uas tau sawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb, yog li hais, Boer War. Raws li tus thawj coj ntawm Mafeking fortress besieged los ntawm Boers, Sir Robert tsav tsheb hauv qab caj npab tag nrho cov txiv neej nyob rau ntawd, nrog rau cov tub hluas hnub nyoog 12-14 xyoo, uas nws tau tsim ib lub chaw soj ntsuam zoo heev. Los ntawm qhov ntawd nws tag nrho pib. Raws li, niaj hnub no, ib tug British imperialist, leej twg yog Baden-Powell npaj siab los qhia hauv lub koom haum nws tsim? Yog lawm, yav tom ntej conquerors thiab "civilizers", "dawb masters" uas yuav tsum tau khaws thiab thawb cov kev txwv ntawm "lub teb chaws Ottoman uas lub hnub yeej tsis teem." Rau feem ntau, nws tau ua haujlwm hauv tub rog kev txawj ntse - lub koom haum txawv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, ciam teb rau cynicism, raws li txhua yam ua tau yog siv los ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm … Cov menyuam yaus? Vim li cas ho tsis muaj menyuam? Yog li ntawd, thaum cov kws tshawb nrhiav, tawm tsam lawv rau "cov neeg tho kev ntseeg siab", tab tom sim kos ib hom "dawb thiab fluffy" kev sib raug zoo, kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb nrog kev txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab ntxiv ntau yam rau lawv lub sijhawm so, kuv tus kheej pom nws tsuas yog tsis zoo.. Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, scouting tau ntev thiab tsis tu ncua sim ua nws txoj kev - tab sis tsuas yog khiav mus rau ib tug tag nrho misunderstandings ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim. Sovereign Nicholas II xav pom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws cov me nyuam "cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev txiav txim thiab gymnastics" thiab cov hluas "kev lom zem pab pawg" ntawm cov tub rog units. Ib qho kev txav loj nrog qee yam kev sib cais, kev cog lus thiab kev ua yeeb yam tau ua rau nws tsis lees paub thiab ntshai. Nws yuav zoo dua yog tias kuv tau them nyiaj rau Social Democrats, mob …

Soar up nrog bonfires

Tab sis cov Bolsheviks, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub crowned qeeb-witted uas raug xa mus rau lub dustbin ntawm keeb kwm, tam sim ntawd pom tau hais tias yuav muaj txiaj ntsim zoo nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1920, los ntawm thiab loj, tsis muaj dab tsi tau txiav txim siab tseem. Yog lawm, kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog tau tuag, tab sis kev tsov rog ntawm cov qub thiab tshiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias. Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm thaj av ntawm Soviets thiab, raws li ntau tus thawj coj tau pom, lub ntiaj teb proletarian kiv puag ncig yeej nyob rau hauv lub siab me me ntawm cov neeg uas nyuam qhuav nkag mus rau hauv lub neej thiab leej twg, lawv xaiv, tau destined los txiav txim lawv txoj hmoo. Nyob rau hauv tib lub zos, cov qub "liab" thiab "dawb" feem ntau coexisted, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, cov neeg pluag thiab cov "kulaks" uas twb pib mus rau ntawm lawv txhais taw ntau thiab ntau. Thawj yog rau lub hwj chim tshiab nrog tag nrho lawv cov ntsuj plig, tab sis qhov thib ob, xav txog yuav ua li cas tua lub teb chaws, ntseeg hais tias tsis muaj tsar thiab tus tswv nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, zoo, tab sis hais txog "kev sib npaug thiab kev ua kwv tij" lub hwj chim heev., tej zaum, yog … Kuv muaj txaus thiab ntawm no nws yuav tsum tau "kho" lub sij hawm - raws li kuv lub zeem muag ntawm lub neej zeem muag. Nyob rau hauv cov nroog, ib ntus o nrog kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab nyuaj rov tsim kho tom qab lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, cov neeg coob coob ntawm cov menyuam yaus tsis muaj tsev nyob, tsim los ntawm tib lub sijhawm nyuaj, scurrying txog tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv lawv mus ib txhis mob siab rau "khoom noj" scurried txog. Nws yog ib pab tub rog tag nrho! Leej twg tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm lawv - taw liab qab, lumpen, tub sab tub nyiag, leej twg los ntawm txhais tau tias yog yeeb ncuab ntawm ib lub xeev? Los yog yav tom ntej builders ntawm communism - creators, pej xeem, tiv thaiv ntawm lub Motherland? Cov teeb meem raug daws, yam tsis muaj exaggeration, lub ntiaj teb no tshaj plaws thiab, peb yuav tsum them tribute rau lub Soviet tsoom fwv, nws daws tau lawv brilliantly - thiab tsis tsawg kawg yog los ntawm tsim ib tug pioneer lub koom haum.

Thaum xub thawj, lub Soviet pioneer tau muaj npe tom qab lub ancient fighter tawm tsam cov neeg tsim txom ntawm Spartacus. Nws tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, nws tau muab nws lub npe, yog li muaj kev hwm thiab tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm siab dua. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tom qab Stalin tuag, muaj naive comrades uas ua siab mos siab muag hais ntxiv mus rau lub npe ntawm Ilyich nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tag nrho cov-Union Pioneer lub koom haum kuj lub perpetuation ntawm lub cim xeeb ntawm Yauxej Vissarionovich. Aha… Nws nyob hauv Khrushchev! Tom qab xyoo 1956, nrog nws cov lus tsis zoo ntawm "kev coj tus cwj pwm", cov lus pom zoo tam sim ntawd "faded." Yuav ua li cas cov ideological tivthaiv ntawm cov pioneer txav tau hloov tau zoo tshaj plaws yog txiav txim los ntawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub solemn cov lus cog tseg coj raws li kev koom nrog nws cov qeb. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm xyoo 1920, lawv tau cog lus tias yuav "sawv siab rau qhov ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm", lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov tseeb, yog "kev ywj pheej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb" tsis muaj tsawg dua li ntawm thoob ntiaj teb. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog ntau heev txawm ntseeg hais tias Comrade Trotsky muaj ib tug loj tes nyob rau hauv lub creation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov pioneers - nws npau suav ntawm ib tug "lub ntiaj teb no kiv puag ncig" ntawm no tshuab ib mais deb. Tab sis tom qab ntawd "cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txhua lub teb chaws" ploj mus, tab sis thawj qhov chaw tuaj rau lub luag haujlwm "hlub siab hlub peb Leej Txiv", nrog rau "ua neej, kawm thiab sib ntaus" raws li cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Lenin thiab Pawg Neeg Communist. Nyob rau hauv lub 30s, ib lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm lub pioneer lub koom haum yog npaj rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub inevitable ua tsov ua rog. Tag nrho lub tebchaws tau npaj rau qhov no, tsis muaj kev siv dag zog, thiab cov tub thiab cov ntxhais, khav theeb hnav cov ris tsho liab, tau nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ob peb xyoos thiab nws yog lawv leej twg yuav nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Great Patriotic War …

Lawv tau npaj txhij

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm All-Union Pioneer Organisation hauv kev ua tiav Kev Yeej Zoo Tshaj Plaws, hmoov tsis zoo, tsis tau tshwm sim txawm tias nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj li kev nyiam ntawm Soviet keeb kwm. Ntawm tus chij ntawm cov pioneers muaj ob qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub teb chaws - Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lenin, tab sis tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis nyob rau hauv vain. Tag nrho cov me nyuam Soviet paub txog cov pioneer heroes, cov tub rog hluas ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Qhov tseeb, lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm Soviet Union tau muab tsub rau plaub tus tswv cuab ntawm All-Union Pioneer Organization - Leonid Golikov, Marat Kazei, Valentin Kotik thiab Zinaida Portnova. Tag nrho - posthumously … Txawm li cas los xij, tus naj npawb ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas, ob qho tib si tsim nyog rau kev txiav txim tub rog thiab khoom plig, thiab tseem tsis tau paub thiab tsis muaj kev mob siab rau lawv lub teb chaws los ntawm nws cov neeg tiv thaiv, yog ntau dua immeasurably. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, tsuas yog "cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog" hauv Tub Rog Liab thiab "cov tub ntxhais hluas caij nkoj" suav txog li ib nrab lab! Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas cov pioneers sawv los tawm tsam German fascist invaders nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv cov qeb ntawm underground thiab partisan detachments. Tag nrho plaub tus Heroes ntawm Soviet Union tsuas yog los ntawm pawg neeg muaj koob meej no. Nws thiaj li tshwm sim hais tias nws yog cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis ntshai tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam. Thiab qhov no yog ib qho laj thawj los muab qhov kev ntsuam xyuas siab tshaj plaws rau kev kawm ua haujlwm uas tau ua nyob rau hauv nws qib rau yuav luag ob xyoo caum txij li lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim lub koom haum pioneer mus txog thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Cov pioneers tau tswj kom tsa ntau lab tus tub ntxhais hluas tiag tiag, ob qho tib si uas tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab nrog riam phom hauv lawv txhais tes, thiab forged yeej nyob tom qab, ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tsev kho mob. Nws yog qhov kev hlub no uas tau dhau los ua "muaj zog tub rog zais cia" ntawm lub tebchaws Soviet, hais txog qhov uas tus mlom ntawm txhua tus pioneers, Arkady Gaidar, tau sau. Nws yog hais txog nws tias Nazi blitzkrieg tsoo, cov yeeb ncuab hordes tsoo lawv cov hniav.

Txawm li cas los xij, kom txo tau txhua yam tsuas yog rau tus kheej kev koom tes hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tub rog tseem yuav yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Nws yog lub koom haum pioneer uas tau dhau los ua "qhov pib" ntawm kev kawm tub rog thiab kev cob qhia, uas tom qab ntawd ua rau cov tub rog liab muaj peev xwm ua kom sai sai rau qhov kev poob siab ntawm kev ua tsov rog thawj zaug, thiab rov qab kho nws. muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua. Ib txhia ntawm peb "keeb kwm" nrog liberoidal hlwb puas (los yog lawv muaj dab tsi es tsis txhob ntawm nws?) Hlub los tham txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm "cov tub hluas uas tsis tau kawm tiav" uas tau "ruthlessly pov tawm tsam cov hardened warriors ntawm lub Wehrmacht." Tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm qhov teeb meem yog tias los ntawm 1941 yuav tsis muaj "tsis tau kawm" cov txiv neej thiab cov ntxhais ntawm cov tub rog hnub nyoog hauv USSR! Thiab ua tsaug rau qhov no yuav tsum tau hais, suav nrog lub koom haum pioneer, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev hwm rau txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm 30s yog "kom muaj peb daim paib" - Voroshilov tus tua, TRP (npaj rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tiv thaiv) thiab "npaj rau kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb.." Cov theem pib ntawm kev ua tub rog thiab kev cob qhia lub cev nyob rau hauv ua ntej tsov rog USSR yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Thiab tsis muaj tsawg dua qhov siab yog theem ntawm kev nco qab, ua tsaug rau cov uas tam sim no suav tias yog cov menyuam yaus ruam, uas tsis tuaj yeem tso siab rau txhua yam, ua lub plhaub, ua lwm yam tsis txaus ntseeg thiab ua haujlwm nyuaj. Koj puas xav tias thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog xyoo kev pab tho kev rau pem hauv ntej yog txwv rau kev ua yeeb yam hauv tsev kho mob, xa ntawv thiab pob khoom mus rau pem hauv ntej rau cov tub rog thiab khaws cov khoom seem? Yog lawm, cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog kaum peb xyoos tau ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm kev txiav, tsim kev tsheb ciav hlau, plowing ntawm lawv tus kheej! Thiab tsis muaj leej twg, ntseeg kuv, tsis muaj leej twg yuam kom lawv ua! Nws tsuas yog hais tias, coj los ntawm Soviet pioneers, lub Soviet Union, cov ntxhais thiab cov tub hluas no ua tsis tau lwm yam, tsis xav txog lawv tus kheej sab nraum ntawm tsov rog, sab nraum lub common destiny ntawm tib neeg. Lub motto "Ib txwm npaj txhij!" tau hloov mus ua tsis yog txhua lo lus tsis txaus ntseeg - thaum teeb meem poob rau hauv lawv lub tebchaws, lawv yeej tau npaj txhij rau txhua yam.

Niaj hnub no me ntsis nco txog tus tho kev. Alas, ntau tshaj li ib tiam tau loj hlob, uas lawv tau tswj kom tsav mus rau hauv lawv lub taub hau nrog kev dag tias lawv raug yuam kom hnav khi liab yuav luag "yuam", uas thaum Lub Kaum Hli, cov neeg tho kev thiab cov tswv cuab Komsomol yuav luag "tsav". Cov "cov neeg txawj ntse", cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam uas thov kom muaj cai txiav txim thiab rau txim rau txhua yam uas lawv xav tau, tham nrog kev quaj ntsuag txog "kev txwv tsis pub tus kheej ntawm cov menyuam yaus", "ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej tag nrho" thiab lwm yam, uas tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj tiag. Thiab ob peb tus neeg twv kom nug lawv cov lus nug yooj yim: "Yog li cas tiag tiag yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau tus tho kev?" Luxurious palaces thiab cov me nyuam lub tsev kos duab? Qhov tsis tuaj kawm tiav hauv Soviet Union tsis yog cov menyuam yaus tsis muaj tsev nyob, tab sis tsuas yog cov menyuam yaus uas tsis paub yuav ua li cas nrog lawv tus kheej? Zero menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj thiab haus dej caw, xyaum tsis muaj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm cov hluas thiab cov menyuam yaus?! Dab tsi yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm cov pioneer camps, uas cov menyuam yaus ntawm txhua tus (cuam tshuam, tsis muaj kev zam) cov pej xeem tuaj yeem so thiab rov qab tau dawb, lossis rau cov nyiaj ua cim? Muaj tswv yim lub voj voog thiab cov kis las, muaj, dua rau txhua tus thiab pub dawb?

Cia kuv hais tias cov uas niaj hnub no ntxub peb cov tho kev thaum yau ntxub lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hlub rau Leej Niam, kev qhuas txog nws txoj kev yeej thiab kev ua tiav, uas tau tsim los rau peb hauv cov xyoo zoo no. Lub koom haum pioneer tsis tuaj yeem lees txais rau lawv, zoo li txhua yam uas tau ua haujlwm tiag tiag los txhawb peb lub tebchaws thiab vam meej. Ntxiv mus - rau qhov loj nws ua haujlwm txawm tias niaj hnub no! Kev loj hlob ntawm kev qhuab qhia, kev coj ncaj ncees, kev ncaj ncees, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev phooj ywg thiab kev sib koom tes, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev hlub, qhov no yog qhov nws tau muab rau txhua tus neeg uas ib zaug taug kev hauv nws qib. Thiab txawm ntau npaum li cas tau dhau mus, peb yuav tsis hnov qab qhov no.

Lub xeev Soviet rau cov menyuam yaus. Nyob rau hnub Pioneers (1978) Pioneers nyob rau hauv lub USSR: keeb kwm ntawm lub nrov tshaj plaws cov me nyuam lub koom haum