Kev lag luam ntawm Tsarist Russia: ntse tshaj tawm ntawm pre-revolutionary technology

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nws yog noteworthy tias kev tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv Tsarist Russia tau tsim muaj kev xav tsis thoob. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm muaj yeeb yuj ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thiab ntxov 20th, zoo li cov ntawv xov xwm, qhia txog tus ntsuj plig thiab cov neeg siv khoom noj khoom haus ntawm lub sijhawm nyob deb. Txawm tias ib puas xyoo thiab ib nrab xyoo dhau los, muaj ntau yam khoom thiab kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws uas cov neeg ua lag luam nquag xaj kom tsim cov ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov kws sau paj huam.

Nws yuav zoo li tias hom kev tshaj tawm tuaj yeem muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo dhau los - muab tso rau ib qho kos npe thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov deb ntawm qhov teeb meem: txij li thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, ntau qhov kev mloog tau raug them rau kev nce qib hauv tebchaws Russia. Nyob rau hauv 1894, Nikolai Pliskov phau ntawv "Advertising, nws lub ntsiab lus, keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm" twb luam tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm tig ntawm lub xyoo pua, cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshaj tawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb tau nthuav dav hauv txhua lub nroog loj. "PR" yog txhua yam: los ntawm cov koob yees duab txawv teb chaws mus rau cov khoom qab zib hauv tsev thiab luam yeeb.

Yuav kom txaus siab rau cov pej xeem, cov neeg lag luam yav dhau los yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm cov txuj ci zoo kawg thiab muaj tswv yim. Feem ntau, kev tshaj tawm yog tsom rau cov pej xeem nplua nuj, vim tias, piv txwv li, tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv suab paj nruag kim.

Raws li Novate.ru, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm, xws li Malevich thiab Rodchenko, feem ntau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Cov kws sau paj huam feem ntau sau cov lus hais: Mayakovsky, Yesenin thiab lwm tus. Kev koom tes ntawm Mayakovsky thiab Rodchenko yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nco. Tau ntau xyoo, tandem tau tsim ntau tshaj li kaum ob daim ntawv tshaj tawm: los ntawm kev tshaj tawm rau lub tuam txhab sib koom ua ke ntawm kev yeem ya davhlau "Dobrolet" mus rau daim ntawv tshaj tawm nrog cov lus tshaj tawm.

Kev tshaj tawm ntawm lub tsheb thiab txhua yam kev sib txuas nrog lawv tau nrov tshwj xeeb. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub industrialization nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, qhov teeb meem nrog cov cav tov yog heev phem tshaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau tsim lub teb chaws. Yeej, lawv muab kev pabcuam rau kev kho tsheb txawv teb chaws, tab sis qee zaum lawv tau tshaj tawm cov khoom ntawm lawv tus kheej tsim, piv txwv li, log tsheb.

Yuav ua li cas kom ntseeg tau tus neeg yuav khoom tias lub tsheb American Ford zoo dua li Italian Fiat kom raug piav qhia nws qhov zoo thiab nco ntsoov sau tseg: "zoo dua rau txoj kev Lavxias". Nws zoo li txawm tias tom qab ntawd peb cov neeg lag luam nkag siab yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg yuav khoom Lavxias. Thiab yog tias koj xav tias kev sib koom tsheb yog ib lub tswv yim tshiab, ces tsuas yog saib daim ntawv tshaj tawm no muab xauj tsheb-coach.

Roj av rau cov tsheb no, nrog rau cov nkoj loj thiab dav hlau, feem ntau yog muab los ntawm kev koom tes ntawm Nobel cov kwv tij.

Tseem muaj peb tus kheej kev lag luam tsheb hauv peb lub tebchaws. DUKS cog tau koom nrog kev tsim tsheb thiab maus taus thiab tsheb kauj vab.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1910, kev tsim cov dav hlau tau tsim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Lawv raug nqi zoo heev, thiab tsuas yog cov neeg nplua nuj nyob hauv lub tebchaws tuaj yeem them taus lawv.

Kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb kuj tau tsim kho heev. Locomotives tau tsim - chav fais fab nroj tsuag, turbines, thiab lwm yam.

Kev lag luam kuj vam meej hauv qab tsar. Yog li, cov dej qab zib carbonated tau nrov tshwj xeeb thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Ua kom dej ntxhia, koj yuav tsum tau yuav ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, thiab tom qab ntawd muag ib khob dej qab zib kom ntau li peb rubles.

Nws muaj peev xwm khwv tau nyiaj ntxiv los ntawm kev xaws. American Singer tshuab xaws tau muag zoo. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov tshuab ntaus ntawv yog qhov tsis tshua muaj, uas tsis yog txhua tus kws sau ntawv lossis cov neeg sau xov xwm tuaj yeem them taus, tab sis dhau sijhawm, cov tshuab no tau pheej yig dua. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov them nyiaj rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kws yees duab. Lub koob yees duab no tam sim no nyob rau hauv txhua lub xov tooj, thiab ib puas xyoo dhau los cov kws yees duab zoo tau tsim nyog lawv qhov hnyav hauv kub. Piv txwv li, Kodak "miracle lub koob yees duab" raug nqi txog 35 rubles, thiab nws nyuaj heev los nrhiav nws.