Yuav ua li cas cov Italians rebuilt lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Sforza Castle yog qhov chaw zoo ib yam li Moscow Kremlin. Ntau qhov tseeb, Kremlin raug kaw. Kev tsim kho ntawm Moscow Kremlin nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th yog coj los ntawm Italian architects, tsawg kawg yog leej twg tau pom lub tsev fuabtais ua tsis ntev ua ntej nyob rau hauv Milan, thiab, tej zaum, ib tug neeg koom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Nws muaj peev xwm txawm tias qee cov duab kos tau siv.

Myths thiab qhov tseeb

Thawj qhov kev sim tsim lub tsev fuabtais hauv Milan, raws nraim ntawm qhov chaw no, tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1358. Galeazzo II Visconti, tus kav Milan. Tsis txawm sim - nyob rau hauv 1370 kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau ua tiav. Thiab me ntsis tom qab, nws tus tub, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, nthuav lub tsev fuabtais ntau dua.

Tab sis. Nyob rau hauv 1447, Filippo Maria, kawg Duke ntawm Milan los ntawm Visconti tsev neeg, tuag. Cov neeg nyob hauv Milan tau zoo siab heev txog qhov kev tshwm sim no, lawv nrhiav tau Golden Ambrosian koom pheej hauv nroog thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig, thiab lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Visconti ntxub raug rhuav tshem thiab rhuav tshem los ntawm pebbles kom nws poob siab. Lub tebchaws poob rau peb xyoos tom qab, los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis. Yog li nws tshwm sim nrog cov koom pheej. Ib tug tshiab duke tau tshwm sim, Francesco Sforza, tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus neeg tuag hauv ntiaj teb (lossis tsis nyob hauv ntiaj teb) Filippo Maria. Sforza yog tus thawj coj zoo, cov neeg hwm nws.

Yog li ntawd Francesco Sforza pib tsim lub tsev fuabtais ntawm ib qho tshiab, nyob rau tib qhov chaw. Nws yog lub tsev fuabtais uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no.

Tias yog vim li cas lub tsev fuabtais hu ua "Castello Sforzesco" - nkag siab.

Kev tsim kho pib xyoo 1452, coj los ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo Antonio di Pietro Averulino, lub npe hu ua Filarete. Yog vim li cas lub ntsiab pej thuam ntawm lub tsev fuabtais hu ua "Filarete Tower" kuj nkag siab.

Yog lawm, tus tshiab duke, txij li nws txoj cai rau lub duchy yog raws li kev sib raug zoo nrog lub tsev ntawm Visconti, ntxiv lawv lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab rau nws. Thiab feem ntau, txawm tias lub tsev fuabtais yog "Sforzesco", ntawm no thiab muaj ntawm nws cov phab ntsa thiab yees koj tuaj yeem pom lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Visconti. Xws li ib tug funny - ib tug nab loj uas noj ib tug neeg ciaj sia.

Los ntawm txoj kev, yog tias koj pom lub tsheb Alfa Romeo nyob qhov twg, ua tib zoo saib ntawm lub cim.

Francesco Sforza, tus zoo duke, tuag nyob rau hauv 1466.

Nws cov tub, zoo li, tsis mus rau lawv txiv, tab sis mus rau lawv niam, Visconti. Insane atrocities, intrigues, conspiracies, murders - txhua yam yog raws li nws yuav tsum tau. Tab sis, nyob rau lub sijhawm no, Sforza tseem tau koom nrog kev txhim kho ntawm Lombard kev lag luam, kos duab kuj tsis yog ib lo lus khoob rau lawv.

Leonardo da Vinci tau ua ib tug engineer rau Dukes of Milan los ntawm 1482 txog 1499, painting, ib yam nkaus thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nws tsis tsis quav ntsej.

Nyob rau hauv 1499, cov tub rog ntawm King Louis XII ntawm Fabkis invaded Lombardy. Qhov tseeb, tus pog no Louis hu ua Valentina Visconti.

Cov Fabkis nyob Milan tsis muaj kev tawm tsam ntau los ntawm Sforza lossis Milanese.

Tab sis tom qab ntawd duke, Lodovico Sforza, nrog kev pab los ntawm Emperor Maximilian I, nrhiav cov tub rog Swiss, uas tau tswj kom rov qab Milan los ntawm cov invaders. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis tau xaus rau ntawd. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm 1500, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Novara, Fabkis tau kov yeej Swiss, thiab tus duke raug ntes thiab kaw hauv lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Loches, qhov chaw nws zaum txog 1508, txog thaum nws tuag. …

Nyob rau hauv 1512, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, cov Swiss yeej Fabkis. Swiss tus thawj coj pib tswj hwm Lombardy, tab sis txhawm rau muab lawv lub zog qee qhov raug cai, lawv tshaj tawm Massimiliano Sforza, tus tub ntawm Lodovico, uas tuag hauv kev poob cev qhev, Duke ntawm Milan. Qhov Massimiliano no tau sawv cev rau nws tus kheej ua ib tug duke thiab tau txais nyiaj hli rau qhov no, thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1515 tus huab tais tshiab ntawm Fabkis, Francis kuv, yeej Swiss. Ntawm no Massimiliano Sforza muaj hmoo. Nws, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tuaj yeem, thiab tsis txawm xav txog Milan los tiv thaiv tiag tiag, tab sis Francis, uas muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua ntau tshaj li kev cuam tshuam txawm tias los ntawm kev ua txhaum cai nkaus xwb, tau muab nws peb caug txhiab ducats rau tsis kam lees lub npe ducal.

Nyob rau hauv 1525, Francis kuv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm Pavia, txawm raug kaw nws tus kheej. Charles V, Vaj Ntxwv Roman Emperor, tau kho Duchy ntawm Milan thiab tsa Maria Sforza Duke ntawm Francesco. Tom ntej no, 1526, Francesco Maria tau tswj kom ua tiav cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm Milan, uas tau rov qab los ntawm Fabkis.

Nyob rau hauv 1535 Francesco II Maria Sforza tuag yam tsis tau tso ib tug qub txeeg qub teg. Lub Duchy ntawm Milan tau raug tshem tawm thiab thaj chaw txuas ntxiv rau Crown ntawm Aragon. Tus huab tais ntawm Aragon lub sijhawm ntawd yog Emperor Charles V.

Spanish garrison nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais Sforza. Thiab nws tseem nyob ntawd mus txog rau xyoo 1713. Lub sijhawm no, Roman Dawb Huv Empire thiab Spain tau ua yeeb ncuab, yog li ntawd cov Germans tau coj Milan los ntawm cov neeg Mev, nrog rau tag nrho ntawm Lombardy.

Tab sis lub tsev fuabtais, thaum nws yog lus Mev, tau hloov kho tshiab raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawd, kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav loj heev.

Nyob rau hauv 1796, lub Austrian garrison tuav ib tug tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais Sforza tawm tsam Napoleon nws tus kheej rau ib hlis thiab ib nrab.

Yog li xaus cov tub rog keeb kwm ntawm Sforza Castle.

Cov neeg nyob hauv Milan ob zaug tig mus rau Napoleon, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tseem tsis tau yog huab tais, tab sis tus thawj coj ntawm kev tawm tsam, nrog rau lub tswv yim los rhuav tshem lub cim ntawm kev ua phem rau xoom. Bonaparte txawm mus ntsib Milanese, rau qee qhov, hauv 1800 cov ntaub thaiv npog thiab ravelins tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev fuabtais hauv 1500-1600s raug rhuav tshem. Tab sis hmoov zoo, qhov teeb meem tsis ncav cuag lub tsev fuabtais nws tus kheej.

Nyeem kuj ntawm lub ncauj lus: