High tech renaissance

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tsuas xav paub txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom qub qub tau sib cav tias yav dhau los muaj kev vam meej hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm cov cim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm granite thiab lwm yam pob zeb, uas cov kab ntawm cov tshuab siv tsis tau txawm tias peb pom. Namely: pom discs nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 1-2 hli, high-zoo hlab ntsha nrog ib tug phab ntsa thickness ntawm ob peb millimeters, thiab lwm yam.

Yog, tej zaum tag nrho cov no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Tab sis qee qhov piv txwv tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm casting thiab molding los ntawm geoconcrete (outcrops ntawm txias fluidolites). Nws yog qhov ua tau tias cov kab ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov spatula ntawm "plasticine" pawg.

Kuv ntseeg tias muaj kev vam meej heev, tab sis nws txawv, tsis yog tib yam li peb xav txog nws. Tsis muaj kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, tsis muaj cov cuab yeej cuab tam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm gadgets thiab centralized zog mov. Thiab cov cuab yeej tsim khoom yog tus kheej txaus thiab ntau yam. Nyob rau theem ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua me me. Tus tsav yog phau ntawv nrog flywheel (inertial cia), los yog chav cav, hais txog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws uas peb tau hais tom qab hauv keeb kwm hauv daim ntawv ntawm thawj chav locomotives. Txhua daim yog tus kheej thiab, rau qee qhov, ua haujlwm ntawm kos duab. Tsis muaj lub raj xa dej thiab ib qho me me haum rau txhua tus qauv.

Thiab qhov kev vam meej no tsis ntev los no, rov qab rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Kuv thov kom dhia mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov lus no.

Cov yeeb yaj kiab hais txog cov khoom pov thawj khaws cia hauv Hermitage (muaj ntau dua 300 ntawm lawv!) xyoo pua 18th. Cov no yog cov masterpieces ntawm micromechanics thiab engineering ntawm lub sijhawm. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no, peb xav tau pab pawg tsim:

Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, fascination nrog no automation thiab mechanical khoom ua si nyob rau hauv 200 xyoo nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Thiab yuav luag tam sim ntawd, kev txaus siab rau lawv ploj lawm! Txawm nyob rau hauv lub palace ntawm Suav huab tais los ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. tau sau txog 5000 cov khoom pov thawj zoo li no. Tom qab ntawd pes tsawg tus nyob hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe? Peb cov xov tooj ntawm tes zoo li cas? Thiab dab tsi tshwm sim tias kev lig kev cai ntawm kev ua cov tshuab no thiab kev txaus siab rau lawv ploj mus? Cov keeb kwm hais tias qhov kev tsim kho ntawm gramophone xaus rau cov khoom ua si. Tab sis yog nws? Tej zaum muaj ib qho laj thawj sib txawv kiag li? Tseeb, nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, electronics nyob rau hauv smartphones tsuas yog kev vam meej. Kuv tsis ntseeg tias thoob plaws ntiaj teb, kev txaus siab rau lawv tuaj yeem ploj mus sai sai.

Kulibin's watch

Ib qho ntawm cov masterpieces khaws cia hauv Hermitage sau yog Kulibin lub moos:

Lub qe-zoo li lub moos, tsim los ntawm I. Kulibin hauv 1767 rau qhov tuaj txog ntawm Catherine II rau nws tuaj txog hauv Nizhny Novgorod. Lub moos ua si Easter suab paj nruag txhua teev. Thaum kawg ntawm txhua teev, kev ua yeeb yam raws li cov ntsiab lus hauv phau Vajlugkub tau ua nrog cov duab me me. 427 cov ntsiab lus tsawg tshaj plaws. Cov kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los rau hnub no, vim tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov zais cia ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm.

Thiab tam sim no, tom qab nyeem cov lus qhia luv luv no, xav tias: yuav ua li cas tus neeg qhia nws tus kheej yooj yim ua tau zoo ntawm micromechanics? Rau ib tug engineer niaj hnub, koj yuav tsum paub ntau yam kev qhuab qhia thiab tsuas yog muaj kev paub ntau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab saib. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo heev txawm nyob rau sab nraud ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm ntawd. Los yog Kulibin kawm qhov twg? Koj puas tau mus rau Tebchaws Europe lossis puas muaj lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm no?

Sijhawm 17-18 centuries. Yuav ua li cas symmetrical iav thiab lwm qhov chaw yuav handcrafted nrog xws precision?

Ib zaug kuv tau kos ib lub medallion rau kuv tus kheej los ntawm ib lub phaj nyiaj raws li tus qauv cim. Ntawm kuv pov tseg yog tes jigsaw, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv, polishing muab tshuaj txhuam. Tab sis kuv tsis tau txais cov khoom zoo. Kuv tsis tau ua tiav qhov zoo geometry lossis zoo ntawm kev ua hlau. Yog lawm, kuv tsis yog jeweler thiab tsis paub tag nrho lawv cov tswv yim. Tab sis yog tag nrho cov watchmakers ntawm lub sij hawm jewelers? Carving ib lub iav me me tsis zoo li muab lub pob zeb rau hauv lub nplhaib.

Yog tias peb ua tib zoo saib cov watches ntawm I. Kulibin thiab lwm yam watches ntawm European masters ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab tias cov khoom tau ua los ntawm kev tig, thiab tsis yog los ntawm tes. Peb paub dab tsi txog lathes ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd? Nws hloov tawm tias lawv muaj ntau yam, ntawm no yog cov ntaub ntawv:

Screenshot ntawm phau ntawv 17c. Cov no yog cov cuab yeej siv riam phom rau kev tsim cov phom phom ntawm cov nroj tsuag Tula.

Kev siv yog ua rau phau ntawv qhia cov duab kos ntawm cov tshuab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, uas yog 1646. Lawv qib tsis muaj qhov phem dua li cov tshuab ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lawv hais tias xws li masterpieces tau ua, thiab tsis yog nrog ib tug tes cuab yeej, raws li historians sau.

Ob peb daim duab ntxiv ntawm cov tshuab siv los tsim cov khoom siv high-tech ntawm 17-18th centuries.

Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab mus txog rau xyoo pua 19th.

Tshaj tawm ntawm avito rau kev muag khoom ntawm lub txaj tshuab los ntawm thaum ntxov xyoo pua 19th. Pom tau tias muaj hnub rau nws, yog tias nws yog hnub tim tiag tiag.

Watchmaking tshuab?

Tab sis cov cav tov lawv tus kheej kuj yog tsim los ntawm cov cav tov, thiab tej zaum yuav siv cov txheej txheem milling ntawm cov hlau ua.

Kaw-up

Cov chav nyob ntawm cov tshuab no kuj yog ib qho kev kos duab thiab qhov siab ntawm engineering thiab technology ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Thiab qhov no tau deb ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj.

Tab sis qhov no yog vim li cas cov keeb kwm hais tias txhua yam yog ua los ntawm tes? Kev tuav tswj ntawm precision rau saib mechanisms yuav tsis muab, lub moos tsuas yuav tsis ua hauj lwm.

Kuv nyiam tshaj plaws hauv kev sib txhuam units hauv cov txheej txheem zoo li no. Thiab lawv tau lubricated li cas? Muaj ntau cov lus nug, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg muab cov lus teb rau lawv los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.