Cov txheej txheem:
- 1. PP Kalashnikov
- 2. AP Kalashnikov
- 3. Self-loading Kalashnikov carbine
- 4. Kalashnikov lub teeb tshuab rab phom (qauv 1943)
- 5. AB-102
Video: Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm lub 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Kalashnikov: TOP-5 ci ntsa iab kev loj hlob ntawm cov phom
2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06
Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 10, 2019, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov yuav muaj hnub nyoog 100 xyoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, tus kws tua phom legendary Soviet thiab Lavxias tuag ntawm 94 thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 23, 2013. Txawm li cas los xij, hnub no yog hnub tsim nyog thiaj li yuav nco txog qhov kev tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm Mikhail Timofeevich (tshwj tsis yog lub npe nrov AK-74, uas tsis xav tau kev nthuav qhia ib qho twg), uas nws tau tswj hwm los tsim thaum nws tsis khoom tsim lub neej.
1. PP Kalashnikov
Lub npe nrov Kalashnikov phom phom tsis yog Mikhail Timofeevich thawj phom phom. Xyoo 1942, tus tsim qauv tsim nws rab phom submachine tshiab. Cov kev daws teeb meem uas tau siv los ntawm Kalashnikov tau dhau los ua tsis tiav, txawm li cas los xij, tus tub ntxhais hluas tub ceev xwm-tsim qauv tsis tau nrhiav txoj hauv kev yooj yim thiab sim tsim riam phom nrog lub pob zeb semi-breech ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob lub hau ntsia hlau. Qhov no yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm, albeit heev qub, kev txiav txim siab. Cov neeg tsim qauv feem ntau nyob rau lub sijhawm nyiam siv qhov pov thawj dawb-qhov rooj tsim qauv.
Cov riam phom tuaj yeem ua qhov hluav taws kub ib leeg thiab tsis siv neeg thiab, feem ntau, nws tau dhau los ua qhov zoo heev rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov qub qub ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas engineers coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias PPK yog qhov nyuaj heev rau kev tsim khoom, thiab yog li raug nqi ntau. Lub Soviet Union tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau cov tshuab zoo li no thaum ua tsov rog. Yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha PPS thiab PPSh tau dhau los ua qhov zoo dua.
2. AP Kalashnikov
Nws yuav zoo li txawv txawv (thiab qee qhov tsis tsim nyog), tab sis xyoo thib plaub thiab thib tsib ntawm xyoo pua 20th yog qee qhov nthuav tshaj plaws rau cov tsim riam phom. Cov tsos ntawm nruab nrab calibers yuam cov neeg tsim qauv tsim cov riam phom zoo kawg rau lawv. Thiab tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Tsuas yog tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kalashnikov phom phom, lub sijhawm ntawm rab yaj phom, carbines thiab rab phom submachine yuav dhau mus. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd lawv tseem tsis tau paub txog nws.
Mikhail Timofeevich sim nws lub zog thaum pib ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm rab yaj phom. Kalashnikov tsis siv neeg rab yaj phom tuaj yeem tua hluav taws 1000-1100 rounds ib feeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov project tau tso tseg los ntawm tus tsim nws tus kheej. Cov riam phom tseem tsis tau mus txog qhov pov thawj. Qhov no yog vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawm nws cov tsos rau tus engineer muaj ntau nyiam cov lus qhia ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tshaj lub creation ntawm ib tug tshiab rab yaj phom.
3. Self-loading Kalashnikov carbine
Rov qab rau xyoo 1943, txoj cai ntawm qhov siab ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, thawj qhov nruab nrab hauv nruab nrab ntawm 7.62x39 mm caliber tau tsim nyob rau hauv USSR. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub USSR txiav txim siab los tsim rau lub caliber no tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug phom loj, tab sis kuj carbine. Cov Soviets xav tsim ib yam dab tsi zoo li American Grant phom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Kalashnikov tau sib tw nrog nws txoj haujlwm rau txoj cai los ua tub rog Liab, nrog rau Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov, uas tsim nws lub npe SCS nrog nws.
Yog li ntawd, lub version ntawm lub carbine nthuav tawm los ntawm Simonov tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov lus txib, tab sis vim yog kev ua tsov ua rog, kev ua rog ntawm cov tub rog nrog cov tshiab tau ncua. Lub carbine ntaus cov tub rog tsuas yog xyoo 1949. Lub Kalashnikov carbine version kuj tsis phem, tab sis tseem me ntsis poob nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm SKS tsis.
Los ntawm txoj kev, Mikhail Timofeevich nws tus kheej txiav txim siab nws tus kheej-loading carbine yog thawj qhov kev vam meej. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov riam phom tsis mus rau hauv lub series, nws tau los ua ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam ntawm lub creation ntawm lub Kalashnikov Assault Rifle.
4. Kalashnikov lub teeb tshuab rab phom (qauv 1943)
Lub Soviet Union tau npaj sai thiab nruj rau kev ua tsov rog tshiab hauv Tebchaws Europe, qhov pib ntawm qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub. Nws tsuas yog teeb meem ntawm hnub thiab teeb tsa. Txawm hais tias kev ua haujlwm loj heev ua tiav los ntawm 1941, tseem muaj teeb meem ntau hauv cov tub rog. Tshwj xeeb, cov tub rog xav tau ib rab phom tshuab tshiab. DT-27 muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsis yog riam phom niaj hnub thiab tsis muaj teeb meem ntxiv lawm.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas tsim qauv Mikhail Kalashnikov tau koom nrog qhov project no thiab. Tsuas yog 2 lub hlis, nws tau tsim ib rab phom tshuab lub teeb nrog kev tua ntau ntawm 900 meters, nrog rau lub thoob luv luv thiab kaw cov channel nrog lub zog. Lub ntsiab drawback ntawm Kalashnikov tsim yog cov mos txwv khoom siv. Cov no yog cov ntawv xov xwm uas tau muab tso rau hauv riam phom los ntawm hauv qab no, uas ua rau muaj kev txwv loj ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov mos txwv thauj khoom.
Ntxiv rau Kalashnikov, xws li cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe xws li Goryunov, Simonov, Degtyarev tau koom nrog hauv kev sib tw. Ironically, tsis muaj ib lub tshuab phom tshiab impressed cov lus txib. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau txiav txim siab los hloov kho cov tub rog PD uas twb muaj lawm.
5. AB-102
Lub npe AK-102 tsis nquag tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw tshaj tawm. Ntau zaus siv lo lus "tshuab ntawm lub pua pua" yog siv, uas qhia txog txhua yam ntawm cov tshuab ntawm tsev neeg no, tsim tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union. Los ntawm txoj kev, AK-102 tau tshwm sim los ntawm "ua tsaug" (txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo li cas) rau kev tawg ntawm lub tebchaws ntawm Soviets. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1990s, Russia pib sai sai poob kev lag luam koom tes hauv kev lag luam riam phom. Tuam Tshoj tau zoo siab los ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov tub rog-kev lag luam hauv tsev tsis muaj zog thiab tam sim ntawd sim ua kom muaj qhov dav dav hauv kev ua lag luam, muab riam phom zoo ntawm tus nqi qis.
Nrog rau tag nrho cov no, ib yam dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua, thiab Mikhail Kalashnikov tsim tib AK-102, uas yuav tsum tau hloov lub AKS-74U. Ob rab phom phom raug cais raws li "Tus Kheej Tiv Thaiv Riam Phom" los ntawm NATO. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov tshuab no tau txais los ntawm artillerymen thiab cov neeg tsav tsheb. Lawv kuj muaj peev xwm loj hauv tub ceev xwm thiab pej xeem kev lag luam.
Lub tshuab rab phom tshiab tau ua tiav zoo heev thiab qhov tseeb tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov "innate" shortcomings ntawm AKS-74U (ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov txaus ntshai ntawm hluav taws). Tom qab ntawd, qhov tshiab tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ntawm tag nrho tsev neeg ntawm kev ua phem phom sij.
Pom zoo:
Kev rau txim nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm tsarist, yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm ntawv
Kev rau txim yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm thiab kev cob qhia hauv Russia. "Domostroy", tsim nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Tsar Ivan qhov txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, txawm muaj xws li cov khoom cais: "Yuav ua li cas tsa koj cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv kev ntshai ntawm Vajtswv" thiab "Yuav ua li cas qhia cov me nyuam thiab cawm lawv los ntawm kev ntshai"
Vim li cas kev nyuaj siab ua neej nyob yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob hauv zej zog
Kev ntxhov siab tsis yog ib qho kev ntxhov siab nrog kev tuav tes, cuam tshuam kev xav, thiab lub plawv dhia ceev. Nws yog ib qho kev tshwm sim rau qhov tshiab uas peb raug yuam kom hloov kho, sib cais los ntawm kev kawm
100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog nrog cov neeg peasantry nyob rau hauv Russia
Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ci ntawm Hnub Yeej, Tsib Hlis 9, 1945, lwm yam tseem nyob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo Tsib Hlis 9 - hnub uas muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv peb keeb kwm. Nyob rau hnub no 100 xyoo dhau los, xyoo 1918, kos npe los ntawm Sverdlov thiab Lenin, tsab cai lij choj ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees thiab Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev tau txais kev pom zoo "Ntawm kev tso cai rau Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Khoom Noj Khoom Noj tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam lub zos bourgeoisie, zais cov qoob loo thiab kwv yees lawv," "Los yog "Txoj Cai ntawm Kev Noj Zaub Mov Dictatorship"
Cov duab ntawm ib tug tub rog-tiv thaiv yog lub hauv paus rau kev loj hlob ntawm txiv neej tus cwj pwm thiab fortitude nyob rau hauv cov tub hluas
Vim li cas tus txiv neej ua yeeb yam ploj mus ua ntej peb ob lub qhov muag ntawm cov tub hluas - cov tub hluas? Tab sis leej twg ntawm cov niam txiv, cov kws qhia ntawv, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tsawg kawg ib zaug xav tias: qhov no yog qhov peb, qhov tseeb, tsa peb cov tub? Leej twg tig mus rau kev txawj ntse ntawm cov tiam dhau los thiab muab piv rau cov tub hluas li cas tau coj los rau hauv lub teb chaws kev kawm kab lis kev cai thiab peb coj lawv li cas niaj hnub no?
Lub hnub ci ntsa iab vim roj hlawv nyob rau ntawd - Lavxias teb sab cov kws qhia txog cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau sab hnub poob
Tsuas yog cov tub nkeeg tsis tau sim piv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab Lavxias nrog Western. Kev txiav txim los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, cov qhab nia tsis nyob hauv peb qhov kev pom zoo. Tab sis yog kev kawm txawv teb chaws ib txwm zoo dua li domestic?