Impossible obsidian - cov khoom tshwj xeeb los ntawm Mexico City

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg tias muaj nyob hauv Mesoamerica ntawm cov khoom qub qub me me, uas los ntawm lawv cov kev txwv tsis haum rau qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas muaj los ntawm kev vam meej paub rau peb uas nyob hauv cov av no.

Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg tias muaj nyob hauv Mesoamerica ntawm cov khoom qub qub me me, uas los ntawm lawv cov kev txwv tsis haum rau qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas muaj los ntawm kev vam meej paub rau peb uas nyob hauv cov av no.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv qhov nthuav tawm ntawm National Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Anthropology hauv Mexico City, koj tuaj yeem pom lub cim disc ua los ntawm obsidian, kaum centimeters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla thiab zoo ib yam li cov CDs ib txwm muaj. Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia no?

Txhawm rau zam txhua yam kev txhais lus tsis raug thiab kev sib tham tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm "cov neeg tawm tsam tawm tsam pseudoscience" thiab lawv cov neeg koom tes, cia peb tig mus rau kev xav ntawm Lavxias tus kws tshawb fawb A. Sklyarov (ib tug kawm tiav ntawm Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Physics thiab Technology, uas. yog, tus kws tshaj lij nrog kev kawm txuj ci) hais txog kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom cuav no.

Nov yog qhov nws sau txog nws nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv The Old Gods. Lawv yog leej twg?”: “Obsidian yog volcanic iav. Cov khoom siv tau yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm yooj yim vim nws qhov fragility. Txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam me me, obsidian splits kom cov shards nrog cov npoo ntse heev. Lawv yooj yim txiav cov khoom muag - piv txwv li, tawv, nqaij, qee hom zaub. Yog tias ua tib zoo, koj tuaj yeem txiav cov ntaub ntawv thiab nyuaj - xws li ntoo. Thiab nrog txaus dexterity, tsis tsuas yog cov riam tuaj yeem ua los ntawm obsidian, tab sis kuj yog cov cuab yeej nyias uas tuaj yeem ua cov hniav nyias, awl, lossis txawm rab koob ntxhib.

Txawm li cas los xij, iav yog iav. Nws pricks yooj yim. Tab sis nws pricks kom txawm tias qhov chaw - xws li ntawm lub disc - tsis tsim! Nws yog qhov yooj yim lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tau txais lub dav hlau zoo li no los ntawm kev faib ib daim ntawm obsidian. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv: ua ntej, obsidian yuav tsum tau sawed lossis txiav. Thiab tom qab ntawd kuj polish - tom qab tag nrho, qhov chaw ntawm lub disc yog polished! Thiab qhov no yog qhov teeb meem loj heev pib rau daim duab yav dhau los uas cov kws sau keeb kwm tau pleev xim rau Mesoamerica.

Lub ntsiab lus yog tias obsidian yooj yim ua haujlwm nrog thaum siv cov khoom siv yooj yim. Tab sis txiav los yog sawing nws yog ib txoj hauj lwm nyuaj heev. Lub hardness ntawm obsidian ntawm 5-6 ntawm Mohs nplai yog heev, siab heev. Piv txwv li, cov riam steel thiab qee cov ntaub ntawv uas paub txog peb muaj xws li hardness."

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ntawm kev ua cov khoom obsidian, cov tawv tawv abrasive yog siv, uas tig ntawm kev kub ceev nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, lossis ib yam dab tsi zoo li lub laum hluav taws xob. Yog tias koj nqa lub disc ntawm qhov loj txaus thiab rigidly kho cov cuab yeej tig nws, koj tuaj yeem ua tib lub dav hlau tiaj tus li ntawm "CD" los ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Tab sis tom qab tag nrho, raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, cov neeg Khab ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis uas lawv muaj tam sim no, thiab lawv tsuas tuaj yeem ua tsis tau zoo li no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho khoom pov thawj uas niaj hnub archaeology thiab keeb kwm tsis ua raws li "fake".

Nyob rau hauv tib lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj lwm qhov nthuav nthuav qhia rov qab mus rau tib lub sijhawm - qhov no yog lub tais zoo kawg nkaus hauv cov duab ntawm tus liab, kuj yog ua los ntawm obsidian siv cov thev naus laus zis zoo: Nws zoo nkaus li zoo meej! Thiab lub ntsiab lus tsis yog txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov zoo kawg nkaus polished feeb cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus ape lub cev sab nraum lub nkoj, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub impeccable tua ntawm lub nkoj nws tus kheej.

Txhawm rau xaiv cov khoom siv los ntawm sab hauv, koj xav tau lub cuab yeej zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug yuav tsum tswj kom tsis txhob phua tus heev fragile obsidian. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb: nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom lub nkoj nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas tsis yog qhov me ntsis deviations los ntawm ib txwm puag ncig cov duab ntawm ob lub ntug ntawm lub nkoj thiab ib qho kev pom cross-section ntawm lub sab hauv kab noj hniav yog pom!

Tus tsim ntawm obsidian liab, zoo li, tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim nws cov txuj ci (koj tsis tuaj yeem hu nws ua lwm yam). Tsawg kawg, qhov no yog qhov tseeb qhov kev xav tias lwm cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no qhia. Piv txwv li, cov khoom coj txawv txawv uas zoo ib yam li … bobbins (spools ntawm xov) hauv cov tshuab xaws niaj hnub. Txawm tias loj npaum li cas lawv xyaum tib yam."

Nws yog tus yam ntxwv uas niaj hnub thev naus laus zis bobbins rau tshuab xaws yog stamped los ntawm yas, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem lawv tau ua los ntawm hlau. Raws li A. Sklyarov, rau kev tsim cov bobbins los ntawm obsidian, yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib lub tshuab dhos, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau obsidian tsis tau chipped, tab sis txiav tawm, yuav tsum tau ib tug high rotation ceev ntawm lub workpiece. Tab sis tom qab tag nrho, raws li lub official version ntawm keeb kwm qhia rau peb, cov ancient Indians yuav tsis muaj lathes.

Yog li ntawd - dua, "patch" tawm los, txawm li cas los xij, ua tiav imperceptible rau cov neeg uas tsis siv los xav nrog lawv lub hlwb. Tau kawg, txhua yam tuaj yeem raug liam rau qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij keeb kwm thiab cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab lawv tsis muaj kev kawm txuj ci. Tab sis nws puas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm banal laziness thiab incompetence? Los yog tej zaum qhov no yog vim qhov tsis txaus ntseeg kom pom cov khoom qub uas dhau mus dhau ntawm zaj dab neeg?

Xav tias muaj ntau yam khoom qub txeeg qub teg tau khaws cia rau ntau lub tebchaws, puas tuaj yeem suav tias tsis yog cuav?