Tshaj li nyob rau hauv Russia lub braids tau npog. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus poj niam lub headdress

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lub headdress nyob rau hauv Russia yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov poj niam wardrobe. Cov plaub hau yuav tsum tau braided, thiab lub taub hau tau npog nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lub taub hau tuaj yeem hais ntau yam txog nws tus tswv - nws txoj kev ua txij ua nkawm, xwm txheej hauv zej zog, kev koom nrog thaj chaw.

Hluas nkauj dai kom zoo nkauj

Tus nkauj nyab lub plait tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov hlau hoop txuas rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub taub hau, nrog lub ntsej muag ntawm lub cev thiab ntau yam hauv pliaj adornments.

Tab sis lub hoop npog nrog ntaub, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog paj ntaub, daim hlau, hlaws dai, hlaws thiab pob zeb tau hu ua lub crown.

Raws li txoj cai, crowns tau hnav nyob rau hnub so thiab ntawm kab tshoob kev kos.

Lub hoop thiab lub crown yog transformations ntawm lub zoo-paub wreath - lub qub tshaj plaws girlish adornment nyob rau hauv Russia.

Cov poj niam headdress nyob rau hauv Russia yog organically txuam nrog cov plaub hau thiab complemented nws.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug ntxhais tuaj yeem kho nws cov plaub hau nrog cov ntaub qhwv ntsej - ib daim kab xev, brocade, velvet lossis woolen ntaub npog nws lub hauv pliaj lossis yas. Cov qhab raug khi nyob rau hauv lub braid, thiab dav embroidered ribbons nqis los ntawm tus ntxhais lub nraub qaum.

Lub headdress tau ua tiav nrog paj ntaub, pearls, paj. Headbands tau hnav los ntawm cov poj niam ua liaj ua teb, feem ntau lawv tau hnav rau hnub so, thiab qee zaum ntawm lub tshoob - tsis yog lub kaus mom.

Decorations ntawm Cov Poj Niam

Tom qab kev sib yuav, cov poj niam tau them tag nrho lawv cov plaub hau, thiab ntau txheej txheej ntawm lub taub hau yog, qhov kev vam meej ntawm nws tus tswv tau txiav txim siab.

Ib lub kaus mom no yog kika (zeeg)- siab feminine kho kom zoo nkauj, muaj ib lub nraub qaum - ib daim ntaub npog lub xub pwg nyom;

povoinika - ntaub qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub taub hau;

hauv pliaj - frontal ib feem thiab lub taub hau - pearl mesh los yog fringe.

Cov kitschki sib txawv ntawm cov duab, lawv zoo li horns, hooves thiab txawm ib tug duav. Poj niam hnav horned pussies, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm uas tau sau nrog ornaments, thiab headdress yog trimmed nrog kub.

Horns nyob rau hauv Russia tau suav hais tias yog ib tug talisman rau leej niam thiab, raws li cov lus dab neeg, tiv thaiv tus me nyuam los ntawm tsaus zog thiab lub qhov muag phem. Qhov siab ntawm xws li horns qee zaum mus txog 20 cm, yog li nws yog ib txwm ua rau taug kev hauv ib lub horned kitsch nrog nws lub taub hau pov rov qab.

Flaunting - taug kev nrog koj lub taub hau tuav siab

Interestingly, lub npe ntawm cov khaub ncaws no muaj nyob rau hauv architectural dictionaries, nws denotes ib tug nce nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub nkoj. Tom qab ntawd, kichka tau hloov los ntawm cov kaus mom yooj yim - magpie thiab tshiab.

Magpie tau suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov khaub ncaws nplua nuj tshaj plaws thiab muaj ntau qhov chaw, los ntawm 8 txog 14.

Lub hauv paus rau kev hnav ris tsho yog kichka, sab nraub qaum ntawm lub taub hau thiab magpie nws tus kheej, uas yog ib tug tsaj crown.

Ib tug magpie raug hu ua fathom yog hais tias nws yog trimmed nrog precious pob zeb thiab tis, yog hais tias ribbons nrog hlua tau sewn rau nws los ntawm ob sab.

Artificial paj, hlaws dai thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau ua cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj.

Dab tsi yog qhov essence tom qab lub kokoshnik zoo li

Koj puas tau xav paub vim li cas qee lub kaus mom, piv txwv li, kokoshniks, muaj qhov txawv txav zoo li no? Tom qab tag nrho, yog hais tias peb xav txog lub kokoshnik los ntawm ib tug pragmatic taw tes ntawm view, ces nrog nws kev pab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm lub hnub, los nag los yog daus, uas txhais tau hais tias ib tug txawv kiag li lub ntsiab lus yog Ameslikas nqis peev nyob rau hauv nws. Ces tus twg?

Tam sim no, ua tsaug rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, nws tau dhau los ua kom tau txais cov duab ntawm tib neeg cov kab mob lom neeg, uas yog kev sib txuas ntawm hluav taws xob los ntawm tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv qhov dav ntawm ntau zaus. Qhov tseeb, ib tug neeg tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv lub zog tshwj xeeb cocoon, uas feem ntau cov neeg feem ntau tsis pom nrog lawv qhov muag. Sib piv cov duab ntawm tib neeg lom neeg teb tau txais nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kev pab kiag li lawm nrog rau daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kokoshnik, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom ib tug kiag li pom tseeb zoo sib xws ntawm lawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xav tias kokoshnik yog ib qho khoom siv ntawm luminosity ntawm tib neeg lub cev lom neeg, hauv zos txheeb xyuas hauv cheeb tsam lub taub hau.

Nws muaj peev xwm xav tias nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, thaum ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm pom lub dav hlau subtle ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm teeb meem, tsis muaj yuav tsum tau xws li headdresses, txij li thaum ib tug ntxhais los yog poj niam yog ib txwm pom tau tias yuav radiant, tab sis txij li thaum lub sij hawm. Thaum tib neeg feem ntau tau poob lub peev xwm los saib cov kab mob lom neeg nyob ib puag ncig tus neeg, sawv nws yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khaub ncaws, nrog rau kev pab los ntawm kev tsim thiab xa mus rau cov neeg dig muag cov ntaub ntawv. hais txog lub xeev sab hauv ntawm ib tug poj niam, nws txoj kev ncaj ncees thiab zoo tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, kokoshnik tsis tsuas yog rov ua dua cov duab ntawm kev lom neeg ntawm tus poj niam noj qab haus huv, tab sis kuj ua tsaug rau nws cov xim (dawb nrog ntxoov xiav, xiav, ntshav, thiab lwm yam), nrog rau ntau yam kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab luas cov ntsiab lus, txhawb nqa. qhov tsis hais lus kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qib ntawm nws sab ntsuj plig zoo tag nrho.

Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem ua tib zoo saib yuav ua li cas vajntxwv thiab vaj ntxwv yav dhau los hu ua - tus neeg crowned. Nws yog hu ua li ntawd vim hais tias lub crown (los yog crown) kuj symbolizes ib tug neeg lub aura los yog halo. Kev lig kev cai, lub kaus mom lossis lub kaus mom tau ua los ntawm kub lossis lwm yam hlau zoo nkauj thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig, uas nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv dav hlau yuav tsum tau ua lub cim kev txhim kho ntawm lub zog sib thooj hauv ib tus neeg muab (crown chakra).

Kev tawm tswv yim los ntawm Alexander Doroshkevich

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub kaus mom rau peb cov poj koob yawm txwv

Tsis ntev dhau los, qhov tseeb 50-200 xyoo dhau los, tib neeg lub tsev thiab khaub ncaws muaj qhov sib txawv kiag li thiab muaj ntau dua thiab muaj kuab heev dua li tam sim no. Niaj hnub no, ib tug neeg nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau-storey tsev, lub thawv ua los ntawm iav thiab pob zeb nrog qis qab nthab thiab chav me me, thiab cov khaub ncaws yog unisex, monotonous thiab ntau-storey.

Cia peb saib cov khaub ncaws ntawm 18-19 centuries dhau los, ntawm lub kaus mom. Nws paub tias cov txiv neej ntsuas cov poj niam los ntawm kev saib lawv los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, thaum poj niam tshuaj xyuas ib tug txiv neej los ntawm qab mus rau sab saum toj. Niaj hnub no, cov kaus mom tsis yog nyob rau hauv vogue, nyob rau hauv huab cua txias peb hnav lub kaus mom thiab cov kaus mom plaub los tiv thaiv peb ntawm qhov txias. Thiab yav dhau los muaj cov kaus mom uas nthuav dav heev thiab yuav tsum hnav.

Ua ntej, lawv tau ua txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv, tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv txias, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv lub zog muaj kuab paug.

Ib yam li cov khaub ncaws, lub taub hau ntawm peb pog thiab yawg (nrog rau cov poj-zoo-great-thiab ntxiv, ntxiv, mus rau qhov tob ntawm ntau pua xyoo), ua haujlwm, ntawm lwm yam, rau kev sib txuas lus. Txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub nroog, lub zos lossis cov zej zog tau coj los ntawm cov poj niam thiab txiv neej cov khaub ncaws, nyob rau hauv cov cim ntawm paj ntaub thiab kev npaj ntawm cov khaub ncaws, zoo dua li peb, cov niaj hnub no, yog coj los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes. Los ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab headdress (thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog poj niam lub headdress), txhua tus neeg hla dhau los, txawm tias tsis paub tus poj niam no, nkag siab tias leej twg nyob ntawm nws xub ntiag, tus poj niam no muaj dab tsi thiab nws txoj kev txij nkawm yog dab tsi.

Ib tug hluas nkauj, npaj txhij rau kev sib yuav, hnav ib tug tshwj xeeb girlish hnav ris tsho, uas qhia lwm tus nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub yeeb koob nws cov plaub hau - lub qub cim ntawm poj niam lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv Russia. Feem ntau, nws xav txog ib tug liab ribbon khi rau ntawm lub taub hau thiab converging nyob rau hauv lub scythe mus rau hauv ib hom hneev. Cov menyuam ntxhais uas muaj hnub nyoog sib yuav muaj cai braid lawv cov plaub hau hauv ib lub braid (feem ntau yog ib tug, cov poj niam sib yuav braided ob) thiab hnav lawv cov plaub hau qhib rau txhua tus pom. Thiab thaum tus ntxhais tau sib yuav, ib tug tshwj xeeb ceremony coj qhov chaw - farewell rau scythe. Qhov no tsis txhais hais tias cov plaub hau ntawm tus poj niam hluas raug txiav tawm ntawm lub hauv paus. Nws tsuas yog hais tias los ntawm hnub ntawd, tom qab sib cais nrog tus scythe, tom qab kev sib yuav, cov plaub hau ntawm ib tug poj niam nyob mus ib txhis mus nyob rau hauv lub headscarf, ua tsis pom rau lwm tus. Feem ntau, tsuas yog cov poj niam uas tsis tau poob lawv cov nkauj xwb tuaj yeem muab cov hlua khi rau hauv cov duab, txo qis rau sab nraub qaum. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj lub siab nyiam, thaum tus poj niam tuaj yeem tso nws cov plaub hau los ntawm nws lub xub pwg nyom - lub ntees tuag ntawm nws niam nws txiv (cia kuv nco ntsoov tias kev tuag tsis suav tias yog kev tu siab ua ntej), kab tshoob kev kos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Slavic loj. hnub so. Thaum tus poj niam muaj me nyuam tsis raug cai, los yog poob ntawm kev dawb huv, nws poob lub sijhawm los hnav ib lub braid rau nws nraub qaum los yog qhia lub kaus mom ntawm nws lub taub hau. Yog hais tias ib tug poj niam tau pom nyob rau hauv ib tug dissolute txoj kev ua neej, lub koom txoos yuav txiav nws bangs los cim tus poj niam "txoj hauj lwm".

Khaws koj cov plaub hau los ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev, kev sib yuav, yog qhov tsim nyog thiab tseem ceeb heev uas txawm tias leej txiv tsis tuaj yeem pom lawv txij li tam sim no (peeping ntawm tus tub tus poj niam hauv tus txheej txheem hloov nws lub taub hau los ntawm nruab hnub rau hmo tuaj yeem xaus. nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg loj scandal). Tsuas yog lwm tus poj niam, hauv chav da dej, tuaj yeem pom tag nrho cov poj niam lub zog, uas tam sim no, tom qab kev sib yuav, koom nrog tib tus txiv neej. Cov poj niam uas muaj txij nkawm twb tau braided ob braids, nteg lawv saum lawv taub hau nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, uas lawv ua tib zoo nkaum nyob rau hauv ib tug scarf. Thiab yog hais tias ib tug poj niam, tus poj niam, tus poj niam, tsis zais nws cov plaub hau zoo, ces tus "esoteric" tus tswv ntawm lub tsev, lub brownie, yuav pib ua pauj rau nws rau qhov no, npaj tej yam tshwj xeeb tsis zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, los ntawm kev qhia nws cov plaub hau, ib tug poj niam zoo li tau tshem tawm nws lub zog txhawb nqa thiab kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm nws tus txiv, sib koom nws lub hwj chim ntawm poj niam, uas yuav tsum ncaj ncees rau ib tug txiv neej. "Flash plaub hau" tsis yog tsuas yog kev txaj muag xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau lub zog tsis zoo uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv tus kheej thiab "kev lag luam" lub neej ntawm tsev neeg thiab poj niam. Lawv ntseeg hais tias ib tug poj niam (tsis yog ib tug ntxhais uas muaj hnub nyoog sib yuav) nrog lub taub hau qhib tau nkag mus rau cov dab phem. Nyob rau hauv Slavic mythology, mermaids thiab witches, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm dab phem, taug kev nrog cov plaub hau xoob.

Cov kaus mom Lavxias tiag tiag

Oddly txaus, tab sis cov npe ntawm cov headdresses nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Russia yog qiv los ntawm txawv teb chaws hom lus - raws li, tau kawg, lub kaus mom lawv tus kheej. Rov qab rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog, "lub kaus mom" tau qiv los ntawm Fabkis, "lub kaus mom" tshwm sim rau peb los ntawm cov lus German tib lub sijhawm thaum Peter lub Great rov qab los ntawm nws nto moo European voyage, thiab "cap", tau kawg, tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li Russified English cap lossis German Kappi (tig, qiv los ntawm Latin). Raws li rau lub kaus mom Lavxias tiag tiag, ntawm lawv, tej zaum, cov pej xeem paub tsuas yog cov kokoshnik - nyob rau hauv nws ntau yam, tab sis saum toj no tag nrho cov uas Snegurochka thiab Vasilisa hnav zoo nkauj, tsis tau tshem tawm, ua ke nrog inevitable ncaj ncees plaub hau. braid rau lub duav. Thiab cov neeg laus tej zaum tsuas yog xav txog Orenburg headscarf, uas tau kis nyob rau hauv European ib feem ntawm Russia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19.

Meanwhile, nyob rau hauv pre-kho ntawm Russia, tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li tsib caug hom tsoos headdress - ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ntawm chav kawm, rau cov poj niam, thiab ntau yam txawv txawv styles, duab, cov ntaub ntawv thiab decorations ua ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nthuav nplooj ntawv nyob rau hauv. keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab costume thiab Lavxias teb sab zam nyob rau hauv nws authenticity. Hmoov tsis, nplooj ntawv no tseem tsis tau sau tseg: ib qho kev sib cais ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm thiab thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab headdress tseem tsis tau muaj nyob, txawm tias muaj ntau tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias teb sab tau kawm nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khaub ncaws.

Ntau yam ntawm cov poj niam lub kaus mom

Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, cov ntxhais muaj ib tug headdress nrog ib tug hlau hoop. Lub tuam tsev rings thiab hlau hauv pliaj hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau txuas rau nws. Txhua pawg neeg Slavic muaj lawv tus kheej, tshwj xeeb: saw tes-zoo li nyob rau hauv Krivichi, xya-bladeed nyob rau hauv lub Vyatichi, kauv-zoo li tus nyob rau hauv lub Northerners, thiab lwm yam. Qee lub sij hawm, los ntawm hom rings ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv, archaeologists txawm txiav txim siab txog thaj tsam ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm qee pawg neeg. Cov nplhaib zoo li no tau txuas rau ntawm lub tuam tsev mus rau ib qho hlau hoop los yog woven rau hauv cov plaub hau, muab lub nplhaib ntawm pob ntseg, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov festive attire txawm ces muaj nyob rau cov ntxhais ib hom ntawm kokoshnik, ib tug ntaub qhwv ("tib neeg") thiab ib tug crown, thiab los ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub - lub cev nqaij daim tawv, headdress, pendants, plaques, buckles.

Tus poj niam headdress ntawm ib tug poj niam sib yuav xav tias ua tiav "npog" ntawm lub taub hau. Nyob rau hauv lub X-XI centuries, qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib lub taub hau phuam, uas tau qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub taub hau, lub thiaj li hu ua tshiab. Ib me ntsis tom qab, xws li ib tug canvas yuav nplua nuj décor thiab yuav ua ib tug trim. Nyob rau hauv lub XII-XV centuries, cov poj niam los ntawm cov nplua nuj thiab noble vaj tse siv tag nrho ua ke ntawm ob peb headdresses: warrior, ubrus thiab nyob rau sab saum toj - ib tug kichka los yog ib tug puag ncig lub kaus mom nrog plaub nyob ib ncig ntawm lub npoo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no). Lub hauv ntej ntawm lub kiki tom qab yuav tshem tau thiab hu ua ochelya (txawm hais tias, raws li ib co historians, lub ochelya yuav muaj nyob ua ntej thiab yuav tsum tau hnav txoj cai ntawm tus tshiab). Lub headdress tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nplua nuj nrog pearls, hlaws, thiab lwm yam. Rau cov poj niam, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsis txuas rau cov plaub hau (zoo li cov ntxhais), tab sis ncaj qha mus rau headdress. Thaum xub thawj, cov no yog ntau yam kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub cev, thiab los ntawm XIV-XV centuries robes tau dhau los ua ntau tshaj plaws.

Cov poj niam tsis tshua muaj nyiaj txiag thiab muaj koob muaj npe nyob rau hauv XI-XII centuries thiab tom qab ntawd feem ntau hnav magpies thiab tsis tshua kim tsoos tsho, tsis muaj ib tug nplua nuj kitsch. Raws li rau headscarves, lawv pib siv nws ua ib tug poj niam ywj pheej headdress nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Tom qab ntawd nws pib hloov lub headwear thiab headgear, ua lub ntsiab ntawm cov khaub ncaws.

Mokosh's symbolism

Los ntawm lub cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb Duck Mokos, zaum ntawm lub crown-withers ntawm Veles-Vaal, tau txais nws lub npe thiab pej xeem headdress ntawm Lavxias teb sab poj niam - kokoshnik. Nyob rau hauv pre-Petrine Russia, lub kokoshnik muaj nyob rau hauv lub boyar ib puag ncig thiab hauv qab no, thiab nrog lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm Peter kuv, nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tub lag luam thiab cov neeg pluag ib puag ncig, thiab yog li ntawd nws ciaj sia mus txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua puv 19.

Lub npe "kokoshnik" los ntawm ancient Slavic "kokosh", txhais tau tias ib tug qaib los yog ib tug qaib. Kokoshnik tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog brocade, lace, hlaws, hlaws dai, hlaws rau saum, thiab pob zeb zoo nkauj rau cov nplua nuj tshaj plaws. Kokoshnik (kokuy, kokoshko) yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kiv cua los yog ib tug puag ncig daim ntaub thaiv npog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub taub hau; nws yog ib lub teeb kiv cua ua los ntawm tuab daim ntawv, sewn mus rau lub kaus mom los yog hairpin; nws muaj lub taub hau trimmed thiab hauv qab, los yog lub taub hau thiab plaub hau, nrog rau qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob tom qab daim kab xev. Kokoshnik tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug poj niam lub headdress, tab sis kuj yog ib tug kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub facades ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab style.

Cov duab ntawm kokoshnik zoo li lub kaus mom nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, thiab ib tug os nyob rau sab. Ntau lo lus Lavxias ntawm tib lub hauv paus coj peb mus rau lub ntsiab lus tom kawg: coca, coco - qe, cocac - ncuav qab zib nrog porridge thiab qe, cococh - hen hen, cocoon - thawj feathers ntawm goose tis, sau ntawv, cocotok. - knuckle ntawm ib tug ntiv tes, coc - pob qhov rooj, lub taub hau, lub taub hau, carved kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub ridges ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab, tooj liab taub hau ntawm sleighs, carriage tshis, thiab lwm yam.

Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov duab thiab cov cim ntawm Lavxias teb sab kokoshnik. Ua ntej, peb pom qhov sib sib zog nqus kev ntseeg dab neeg, zais hauv daim duab ntawm Makosh os, nyob ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Veles. Nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm Veles, duck ncaj qha zaum ntawm nws lub taub hau. Tom ntej no, peb pom ib tug vajtswv poj niam Iyiv hnav ib lub taub hau ua los ntawm ob tug noog. Ib tug ntawm lawv kis tau nyob rau hauv lub taub hau, pib tsim lub back canopy ntawm lub kokoshnik - ib tug elegant magpie (nco ntsoov tias tus noog lub npe tau khaws cia). Lwm tus noog hauv lub zes tseem zaum ntawm nws lub taub hau. Nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm Vaj Ntxwv Khafre, thawj tus noog twb tau hloov mus ua ib lub canopy-magpie, thiab lub sab sauv tau nkag los ze rau ntawm tus huab tais nape. Nyob rau Lavxias teb sab kokoshniks (4 thiab 5), lub headdress yuav luag tag nrho nws cov yam ntxwv zoo li noog, tab sis lub cim nws tus kheej tseem nyob. Cov duab ntawm lub zes, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub taub hau-cap, kuj tseem nyob. Lub silhouette ntawm tus os zoo li lub hauv ntej ntawm kokoshnik. Nyob rau hauv fragment 4, peb kuj pom hais tias lub Upper ib feem ntawm lub kokoshnik zoo li ib tug noog nrog nws tis nthuav downward - ntawm nws lub taub hau. Kokoshniks xaus rau hauv qab - magpie.

Lwm lub teb chaws Lavxias teb sab headdress - kichka - kuj tau kos nws cov cim los ntawm stellar Slavic kev cai dab qhuas kev ntseeg ntawm Makos os (constellation Pleiades), nyob rau ntawm lub taub hau (nape) ntawm Veles (constellation Taurus).

Hauv particular, lo lus "scarf" los ntawm Lavxias teb sab "teb", uas yog thawj fiefdom ntawm Mokosh. Lub etymology ntawm lo lus "kerchief" ncaj qha los ntawm lub npe ntawm Makoshi. Academician B. A. Rybakov muab lub npe ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam no los ntawm Lavxias teb sab mokos, qhov twg thawj lub suab txhais tau tias "Niam", thiab lub thib ob txhais tau tias "txoj hmoo, txoj hmoo, txoj hmoo." Txij li thaum Makosh muaj ob qho tib si Dolya thiab Nedolya, lub phuam qhwv caj dab - kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm tag nrho shawl-field (dawb, phuam) - sib cuam tshuam nrog Kev Qhia thiab fertility. Tias nyob rau hauv V. Dahl phau ntawv txhais lus yog etymologically lees paub, piv txwv li, mowing qaib. loj [40]. Lo lus Lavxias kosous yog hais txog ib tug os nrog ib tug oblique tis - kws ntoo, ib tug txee dov tawm nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv, cornice.

Coca - qhov no yog li cas lawv hu ua pob ntseg tsis tiav nyob rau hauv Tver, ib tug spindle nrog cocked yarn, thiab ib tug bobbin yog ib tug chiseled stick rau winding threads thiab weaving siv thiab laces. Qhov no dua coj peb mus rau lub cim ntawm Makosha, cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas yog spindle, threads thiab cov txheej txheem weaving.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov xov ntawm lub neej txuam nrog ib tug os thiab nws nteg qe, Makosh kuj tig cov xov ntawm kev tuag. Lub ntsiab lus kawg kuj tau kho nyob rau hauv cov lus nrog lub hauv paus kok: kokat, koknut dab tsi - mus tuav los yog tawg, nplawm, ntaus, kokosh ib tug - qis. tamb. tuav, phaus nrog lub nrig, kokshila - ib tug fighter, thab plaub, kokoshat ib tug neeg, kokshil - yeej; tua kom tuag, ciaj sia, cocoon - txias thiab harden, harden, freeze, freeze, cocoon sib. los yog kok-kokven - txias, los ntawm txhua yam stiffens, stiffens, loog.

Los ntawm txoj kev, ntawm no peb tuaj rau lub tswv yim etymological ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus pob txha - lub hauv paus ko- + suffix. -Is = "Makosh / txoj hmoo / lub hauv paus yog."

Cia peb xaus:

Yog li, peb tuaj txog qhov xaus hais tias headdress nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib kis ntawm Slavism (Tebchaws Europe, pre-Semitic Greece, Sumer thiab tim lyiv teb chaws):

1) yog Slavic kev cai dab qhuas khoom;

2) qhia txog cosmic symbolism ntawm Slavic kev ntseeg, uas yog, qhov chaw ntawm lub constellation Pleiades-Makoshi-ducks (patronizing Russia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Moscow), nyob rau hauv lub withers ntawm Taurus-Veles-bull;

3) cim lub sijhawm fertility ntawm cov poj niam Slavic;

4) yog tias hnav khaub ncaws muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li horns, ces lawv cim Veles;

5) tus so ntawm lub headdress cim lub Makosh os thiab nws lub zes.

Feem ntau, qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov kaus mom tseem nyob rau niaj hnub no.

Reconstruction ntawm ancient poj niam headdresses

Headdress ntawm Meryanka, ib tug neeg nyob hauv Alabuga kev sib hais haum ntawm lub xyoo pua 7th. n. e.

Vladimirsky kokoshnik pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

Headdress ntawm Meryanka, ib tug neeg nyob hauv Alabuga kev sib hais haum ntawm lub xyoo pua 7th. n. e.

Kostroma poj niam lub festive tiab - "qaib". (Galich Mersky)

Mari poj niam headdress "shura"

Udmurt poj niam headdress "aishon"

Erzyan poj niam lub taub hau "pango"

Cov poj niam lub kaus mom hauv cov duab kos duab

K. E. Makovsky

M. Shanko. Tus ntxhais ntawm Volga, 2006

A. I. Korzukhin. Hawthorn, 1882

M. Nesterov. Tus ntxhais hauv kokoshnik. Portrait ntawm M. Nesterova 1885

K. E. Makovsky. Noblewoman ntawm lub qhov rais nrog ib tug spinning log

K. E. Makovsky. Portrait ntawm Z. N. Yusupova nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab costume 1900s

A. M. Levchenkov. Hawthorn