Tebchaws Asmeskas Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev ywj pheej ntawm Жmerinca

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Zaj dab neeg no tau pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 2004 thaum tus sau tau tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pub zaub mov. Central State Archives ntawm txawv teb chaws keeb kwm ntawm Ukraine nyob rau hauv Kiev … Lub agitated lub taub hau ntawm lub archive tuaj Nikolay Fedorovich Kislenko thiab hais tias: " Cia peb mus qhia koj ib yam dab tsi. Koj yeej tsis tau pom tej yam zoo li no". Ntawm ib qho ntawm cov rhawv hauv chav tsev khaws khoom, muaj ib daim ntawv loj tuab nrog lub hau txuas, kos npe dawb " North[dub]. Am[erica]. [Tsov rog 17] 75-83". Ntawm cov ntawv, cov ntawv luam tawm, ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm nteg ib daim ntawv decayed folded peb zaug Tshaj tawm ntawm Kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1776.

Cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau pom zoo thaum Lub Xya Hli 4, 1776 thiab kos npe los ntawm ob tus neeg - Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Congress John Hancock thiab Secretary Charles Thomson. Nyob rau tib hnub, tus kws sau ntawv John Dunlap tau luam tawm cov ntawv sau (24 daim ntawv luam ntawm cov ntawv luam no muaj sia nyob niaj hnub no), uas tau muab faib rau hnub tom qab rau ntau pawg neeg tsim cai lij choj, cov koom txoos thiab pawg thawj coj. Kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev ywj pheej hauv nws daim ntawv sau npe nrov pib sau rau Lub Xya Hli 19, thiab lub cev nws tau kos npe los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Continental Congress thaum Lub Yim Hli 2, 1776.

Tus nyeem ntawv, txawm tias muaj kev xav zoo heev, yuav tsis muaj peev xwm xav txog qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov ntawv sau:

Nws tseem yuav pom tias yuav ua li cas cov ntsiab lus ntawm Asmeskas kev khav theeb tau xaus rau hauv Kiev archives. Thiab yog vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm keeb kwm tseem ceeb muaj cai United States of Zhmerinca. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 19, 1776, Congress tau hais kom cov lus tshaj tawm "ua kom raug sau ua cov ntawv loj ntawm parchment nyob rau hauv nqe lus 'Unanimous Declaration of the Ten Third United States of America' thiab […] Txoj haujlwm calligraphic tau muab rau Charles Thomson tus pab, Timothy Matlack. Ntawm no, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw hloov nws lub suab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv tau muab rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tsis sib haum xeeb. Nws tsuas yog paub tias cov neeg sawv cev rau Congress tau kos npe rau lub Yim Hli 2.

Tom qab ntawd, lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj pib hauv lub neej ntawm ib daim ntawv ntsuas 61.5 × 75.5 cm Cov lus tshaj tawm yog dov mus rau hauv ib lub raj thiab muab zais rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Tag nrho lub sijhawm no, cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia rau leej twg, faib cov nplooj ntawv nrog cov ntawv nyeem. Tus thawj, lub sijhawm no, txav los ntawm archive mus rau archive, mus txog rau xyoo 1814 nws nyob hauv nroog Washington.

Qhov tseeb yog tias lub npe tiag tiag ntawm Timothy Matlack, uas rov sau cov ntawv ntawm kev tshaj tawm, yog Tomislav Matlakovsky. Ob peb xyoos ua ntej pib cov xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv Ntiaj Teb Tshiab, nws tawm hauv Bratslav voivodeship thiab caij nkoj mus rau Amelikas, qhov chaw uas nws thawj zaug ua haujlwm ua ib tus neeg ua haujlwm brewer, tom qab ntawd tau xav txog lub zog Quaker, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv kev nom kev tswv. Qee lub sij hawm nws tau tso siab rau kev ua haujlwm calligraphic - nws sau qee cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, suav nrog txoj cai xaiv George Washington tus thawj coj ntawm Continental Army.

Tus sau tau mus xyuas Kiev ob peb zaug xyoo no, qhov chaw nws pom ib phau ntawv teev ntuj hauv Central State Archives ntawm Ministry of Health, los ntawm qhov uas nws ua raws li Matlakovsky los ntawm lub nroog Zhmerinka (ib lub nroog txij li xyoo 1903), tsis deb ntawm Vinnitsa.

Thaj, lub nostalgic Matlakovsky kos lub npe los ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm Congress nyob rau hnub kos npe tsis pom dab tsi. Tab sis tom qab ntawd qhov no tau pom nyob rau hnub tom qab los ntawm Charles Thomson, txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws tam sim ntawd kom zais qhov qub thiab tsis qhia rau leej twg, thiab Matlack tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Pennsylvania Commonwealth mus rau Congress los ntawm tib lub xeev.. 15 Ob qhov kev sim ua ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm kev tshaj tawm tau ua rau xyoo 1818 thiab 1819. Tab sis cov ntawv luam tau suav tias tsis tsim nyog rau kev faib tawm thoob plaws, vim tias cov thawj coj ntawm kev luam theej tau dai daim ntawv nrog monograms thiab cov qauv. Congress teem ib txoj hauj lwm: ua ib daim ntawv qhia tseeb, uas yuav tsum tau muab tso tawm rau pej xeem. Txoj haujlwm tau muab tso rau William J. Stone xyoo 1820. Cov txheej txheem luam tau siv Pob Zeb peb xyoos, tom qab uas Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm tau txais daim ntawv luam tawm los ntawm tus tswv.

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 5, 1823, Washington-based National Intelligencer tau sau tseg:

"… Lub peev xwm ua tau luam theej [ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm] tam sim no muaj rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ua rau pom ntxiv ntawm cov thawj superfluous." Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev ywj pheej: Keeb Kwm. NARA 17 Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm yog cov duab uas tau muag niaj hnub no hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm.

Pob zeb tsis tau daws ob qho teeb meem: nrog tsab ntawv "Z" thiab nrog lub asymmetry ntawm lub ntsiab lus txheeb ze rau cov ntawv tseem ceeb.

Lub taub hau, raws li tag nrho cov canons ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, yuav tsum yog tib qhov dav raws li cov ntawv tseem ceeb, los yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, tab sis ib tug tshwj xeeb congressional commission pom qhov yuam kev yuav tsum tau. Pob zeb tau ntxias cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj uas cov neeg saib tsis tau pib yuav paub tseeb tias muaj tsab ntawv "A" nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv. Txij thaum ntawd los, tus thawj tsis tau qhia rau leej twg thiab tsis muaj dab tsi paub txog nws txoj hmoo. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lawv tau pib nthuav tawm cov ntawv qub, uas niaj hnub no nyob hauv cov iav tuab hauv lub tsev ntawm kev ywj pheej charters ntawm lub tsev ntawm National Archives hauv Washington. Cov zaj duab xis "National Treasure" nrog Nicolas Cage yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm daim ntawv no. Curiously, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, lub npe tsis pom nyob rau hauv ze-up, thiab tag nrho cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm collages, qhov twg tsab ntawv "Z" yog cas kaw. Cov neeg Amelikas xav txog qhov tsis tsim nyog rau pej xeem saib rau keeb kwm yuam kev.

Artemy Lebedev (Qhov chaw)