Dora supercannon: qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig riam phom ntawm Thib Peb Reich

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Raws li Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Cov Tub Rog Hauv Tebchaws ntawm Hitlerite Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Colonel-General Franz Halder, Dora supercannon, txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho haujlwm tiag tiag, yog riam phom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Raws li ntau tus kws tshaj lij, "Dora" yog qhov yuam kev kim tshaj plaws hauv tag nrho keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov phom loj.

BIG "tus txij nkawm"

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib rab phom super-muaj hwj chim belongs rau Hitler. Tom qab mus xyuas Krupp cov chaw tsim khoom hauv xyoo 1936, Fueher tau hais kom pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov phom loj uas muaj peev xwm ua kom tawg los ntawm ntau qhov chaw nyob ntawm Fabkis Maginot Line thiab Belgian fortifications. Kev suav ntawm Krupp cov kws tshaj lij tau npau taws mus txog ton-meters: tsuas yog xya-tuj plhaub ntawm rab phom 800-millimeter tuaj yeem nkag mus rau xya-meter pob zeb phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev.

Artillery system, uas tsis muaj analogues, tau tsim los ntawm pab pawg tsim qauv coj los ntawm xibfwb Eric Mülle. Mülle tus poj niam lub npe yog Dora. Tib lub npe tau muab rau cov riam phom super. Qhov no artillery system yuav tsum tua los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 35-45 kilometers, tab sis rau qhov no "Dore" yuav tsum muaj ib tug super-ntev chim thiab ib tug loj ntawm tsawg kawg yog 400 tons. Lawv conjured tshaj Dora rau ntau tshaj plaub xyoos, siv astronomical sum ntawm 10,000,000 Reichsmarks rau lub sij hawm ntawd. Fortifications, uas Hitler hais, hais kom tsim ib tug supergun, lub Germans nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, tsis tau tos rau "Dora", twb coj.

Dora lub thoob ntev tshaj 32 meters, thiab qhov loj ntawm rab phom nws tus kheej, tsis muaj lub tsheb ciav hlau platform uas nws tau ntsia, yog 400 tons. Nws lub pob zeb tho pob zeb hnyav 7 tons, lub plhaub tawg siab - 4.8 tons. Tom qab kaum tsib txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv, lub thoob twb pib hnav, txawm hais tias nws yog Ameslikas xam rau ib puas. "Dora" nyob rau hauv lub complex yog ib tug heev loj thiab unwieldy qauv - yog fortified ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb railway 80-wheeled transporter, complex artillery system tsiv raws ob qho tib si lem ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub kaw lus tau txais kev pab los ntawm kwv yees li 3 txhiab tus neeg. Nws siv sijhawm ntau tshaj li ib hlis los npaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj Douro.

Sevastopol "waltz": xyuas

Kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws "Dora" tau tshwm sim nyob ze Sevastopol hauv xyoo 1942, thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj super-cannon chim siab rau Hitlerite cov lus txib - qhov hassle ntawm kev xa thiab muab cov phom loj rau kev ceeb toom yog ntau tshaj qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws.

General Halder tso Douro ntawm kev pov tseg ntawm Field Marshal Manstein cov tub rog. Cov phom tua phom thiab mos txwv raug thauj los ntawm 5 lub tsheb ciav hlau (ntau tshaj li ib puas lub tsheb). Cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam artillery ib leeg nyob 43 lub tsheb. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, "Douro" tau "raug txiav txim" los ntawm ib pawg ntawm ze li plaub txhiab - tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm lub tsheb thauj neeg battalion, lub tuam txhab camouflage thiab guard, sappers, gendarmes, engineers, thiab air Defense units.

Los txog ntawm qhov chaw (tsis deb ntawm Bakhchisarai) thaum kawg ntawm lub Plaub Hlis, Dora tau tua nws thawj zaug tsuas yog thaum sawv ntxov ntawm 5 Lub Rau Hli. Cov tsev nyob hauv Bakhchisarai raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj qhov rai qhov rais los ntawm qhov nrov nrov. Los ntawm 5 mus rau 7 Lub rau hli ntuj, cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub 96th phom loj faib, 16th ntug dej hiav txwv roj teeb, lub anti-aircraft roj teeb ntawm Dub hiav txwv Fleet, thiab lub arsenal nyob rau hauv Sukharnaya Balka raug rho tawm haujlwm. Ntawm 48 qhov kev txhaj tshuaj raug tua los ntawm Dora hnub no, raws li kev kwv yees ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam German, tsuas yog 5 mus txog lub hom phiaj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov mos txwv depot muab zais rau hauv cov pob zeb ntawm Northern Bay raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev ntaus ncaj qha los ntawm lub plhaub loj loj.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem taug qab txoj hauv kev ntawm ob peb Dora qhov projectiles - pom tseeb, lawv tau mus rau hauv cov mis nyuj, uas yog, mus rau hauv hiav txwv. Cov so, feem ntau, khawb rau hauv av mus rau qhov tob ntawm ntau tshaj kaum meters, thiab lawv qhov kev tawg tsis ua rau peb cov tub rog puas tsuaj loj.

Qhov thib ob thiab kawg "kev ncig xyuas"

Los ntawm ze Sevastopol "Doru" raug thauj mus rau thaj tsam Leningrad. Muaj tseeb, lub thoob yuav tsum tau xa mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees kho - nws tsis zoo nyob qhov twg. "Dora" xav pov "hubby" - los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd cov Nazis tau tsim ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom loj loj, lub npe hu ua "Fat Gustav" - tab sis cov tub rog liab, rhuav tshem kev thaiv ntawm sab qaum teb lub nroog, sib xyaw cov phiaj xwm ntawm Germans. Cov phom loj loj tau maj nrawm tawm ntawm thaj tsam pem hauv ntej yam tsis muaj kev tua.

Los ntawm txoj kev, "Gustav" yeej tsis tau tua. Thiab "Doru" nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1944 tau siv nyob ze ntawm Warsaw thaum lub sijhawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Polish uprising - nws raug rho tawm ntau tshaj 20 lub plhaub. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, cov tub rog Nazi thim rov qab mus rau "Gustav" thiab "Dora" mus rau Bavaria, qhov chaw phom tau tawg. Cov seem ntawm cov supergins tau pom los ntawm Anglo-American cov phoojywg. Tom qab kawm thiab sau tseg txhua yam uas tseem tshuav ntawm cov neeg loj heev, lawv xa cov "tuag" kom yaj.