Milestones of Technocracy: Six Technological Orders

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis yog txheej txheej ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntau lawm ntawm tib neeg, sib txuas ntxiv rau ib leeg. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tau txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm kev kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm inertia ntawm tib neeg txoj kev xav: cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tshwm sim sai dua li lawv txoj kev loj hlob loj. Thoob plaws hauv nws keeb kwm, noob neej twb tau ua tiav tsib qhov kev txiav txim thiab ntawm qhov nrawm (tsawg kawg yog lub teb chaws vam meej) tab tom mus txog txoj kev loj hlob thib rau.

Thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab (1770)

Cov peev txheej tseem ceeb yog dej zog. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv thev naus laus zis thawj zaug yog cov tshuab spinning, lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv yog kev lag luam textile. Dab tsi yog qhov tshiab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab thev naus laus zis: kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev tsim khoom txuas ntxiv. Cov teb chaws tseem ceeb: Great Britain, Fabkis, Belgium.

Kev txiav txim thib ob (1830)

Cov peev txheej tseem ceeb: chav zog, thee. Main kev lag luam: thauj, ferrous metallurgy. Kev ua tiav ntawm txoj kev ua neej: kev nce qib ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev loj hlob ntawm kev thauj mus los. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thib ob yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv yog chav xa khoom, thee mining, thiab railways. Cov teb chaws tseem ceeb: Great Britain, Fabkis, Belgium, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, USA

Humanitarian kom zoo dua: maj mam liberation ntawm ib tug neeg los ntawm kev siv zog ua hauj lwm.

Qhov kev txiav txim thib peb (1890)

Cov peev txheej tseem ceeb: hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, inorganic chemistry (converter, dynamite). Kev lag luam loj: hnyav engineering, hluav taws xob engineering, ferrous metallurgy, railways, shipbuilding, explosives ntau lawm. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

Kev ua tiav ntawm txoj kev: concentration ntawm tuam txhab nyiaj thiab peev nyiaj txiag; kev tshwm sim ntawm xov tooj cua kev sib txuas lus, telegraph; standardization ntawm ntau lawm. Cov teb chaws tseem ceeb: Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Asmeskas, UK, Fabkis, Belgium, Switzerland, Netherlands

Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tib neeg yog kev txhim kho hauv lub neej zoo.

Kev txiav txim plaub thev naus laus zis (1930)

Cov peev txheej tseem ceeb yog lub zog ntawm hydrocarbons, pib ntawm lub zog nuclear.

Cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb yog automotive, non-ferrous metallurgy, roj refining, hluavtaws polymer cov ntaub ntawv.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub cav combustion sab hauv, petrochemicals, dav hlau thiab turbojet xyaw, foob pob ua ntxaij, nuclear roj, computer, laser, conveyor ntau lawm, xov tooj cua kev sib txuas lus. Cov teb chaws tseem ceeb: Tebchaws Asmeskas, Western Europe, USSR.

Humanitarian kom zoo dua - kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib txuas lus, kev sib raug zoo hla teb chaws, kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.

Thib tsib technological Order (1960)

Hom thib tsib yog ua raws li kev nce qib hauv microelectronics, informationatics, biotechnology, genetic engineering, hom tshiab ntawm lub zog, cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshawb nrhiav chaw, kev sib txuas lus satellite, thiab lwm yam raws li hauv Internet, kev koom tes zoo hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis, kev tswj cov khoom zoo, kev tsim kho tshiab. kev npaj.

Microelectronic Cheebtsam yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, piv nrog rau yav dhau los, yog nyob rau hauv tus kheej ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv, hauv kev ua kom yooj yim ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Humanitarian kom zoo dua - globalization, ceev ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab txav.

Kev txiav txim thib rau thev naus laus zis (2010)

Kev lag luam loj: nano- thiab biotechnology, nanoenergy, molecular, cellular thiab nuclear technologies, nanobiotechnology, biomimetics, nanobionics, nanotronics, thiab lwm yam nanoscale industries; cov tshuaj tshiab, khoom siv hauv tsev, hom kev thauj mus los thiab kev sib txuas lus; Kev siv cov qia cell, cov ntaub so ntswg nyob thiab cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrog cev, kev phais kho dua tshiab thiab tshuaj.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm kev txiav txim siab thev naus laus zis, piv nrog rau yav dhau los, raws li kev kwv yees yuav suav nrog kev txo qis hauv lub zog thiab cov khoom siv ntawm kev tsim khoom, hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom ua ntej.

Humanitarian kom zoo dua: qhov tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv lub neej expectancy ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Kev tsim cov neeg hlau ntau lawm, kev nce ntxiv hauv zej zog qhov kev thov rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, qhov tshwm sim ntawm hom tshiab ntawm txoj haujlwm.

Hauv xyoo 2016, qhov sib koom ntawm cov khoom tsim tau ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab thib tsib hauv cov tebchaws tsim kho tshaj plaws yog kwv yees li 70 feem pua, plaub - 20 feem pua, thiab thib rau - txog 10 feem pua.