Voynich Manuscript - Cov ntawv sau tsis meej tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov ntawv sau ntawm Yale University Library (Tebchaws USA) muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tsis tshua muaj, hu ua Voynich Manuscript. Hauv Is Taws Nem, ntau qhov chaw tau mob siab rau daim ntawv no; nws feem ntau hu ua cov ntawv sau tsis zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Cov ntawv sau muaj npe tom qab nws tus tswv qub, tus neeg muag ntawv Asmeskas W. Voynich, tus txiv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nto moo Ethel Lilian Voynich (tus kws sau ntawv tshiab The Gadfly). Cov ntawv sau tau yuav hauv xyoo 1912 los ntawm ib qho ntawm Italian monasteries. Nws paub tias nyob rau hauv 1580s. Tus tswv ntawm cov ntawv sau yog German huab tais Rudolph II. Cov ntawv encrypted nrog ntau cov duab kos duab tau muag rau Rudolph II los ntawm tus kws kos duab Askiv nto moo, tus kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshawb fawb John Dee, uas txaus siab heev kom tau txais txoj hauv kev ywj pheej tawm hauv Prague rau nws lub tebchaws, Askiv. Yog li ntawd, Dee tau hais tias tau exaggerated lub antiquity ntawm cov ntawv sau. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv thiab number case, nws belongs rau lub xyoo pua 16th. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov kev sim txiav txim siab cov ntawv nyeem dhau los 80 xyoo dhau los tsis muaj dab tsi.

Phau ntawv no, ntsuas 22.5x16 cm, muaj cov ntawv encoded, ua ib hom lus uas tseem tsis tau paub. Nws Ameslikas muaj 116 nplooj ntawv ntawm parchment, kaum plaub ntawm uas tam sim no suav tias ploj lawm. Kev sau ntawv sau tau zoo siv tus cwj mem quill thiab tus cwj mem hauv tsib xim: ntsuab, xim av, daj, xiav thiab liab. Qee cov tsiaj ntawv zoo ib yam li Greek lossis Latin, tab sis feem ntau yog hieroglyphs uas tsis tau pom hauv lwm phau ntawv.

Yuav luag txhua nplooj ntawv muaj cov duab kos, raws li cov ntawv sau ntawm cov ntawv sau tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib ntu: botanical, astronomical, biological, astrological thiab kho mob. Thawj, los ntawm txoj kev, qhov loj tshaj plaws, suav nrog ntau tshaj li ib puas illustrations ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag thiab tshuaj ntsuab, feem ntau yog unidentifiable los yog phantasmagoric. Thiab cov ntawv sau ua tib zoo muab faib ua cov kab lus sib npaug. Qhov thib ob, astronomical seem yog tsim zoo sib xws. Nws muaj txog ob lub kaum os concentric daim duab nrog cov duab ntawm lub hnub, hli thiab txhua yam constellation. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tib neeg cov duab, feem ntau yog poj niam, adorn lub thiaj li hu ua lom seem. Nws zoo nkaus li nws piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm tib neeg lub neej thiab cov lus zais ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tib neeg tus ntsuj plig thiab lub cev. Astrological seem yog tag nrho nrog cov duab ntawm tej yam yees siv medallions, zodiacal cim thiab hnub qub. Thiab nyob rau hauv kev kho mob, muaj tej zaum cov zaub mov txawv rau kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab khawv koob tswv yim.

Ntawm cov duab kos yog ntau tshaj 400 cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj qhov ncaj qha analogues hauv botany, nrog rau ntau tus poj niam, spirals los ntawm cov hnub qub. Cov kws tshaj lij cryptographers, hauv lawv txoj kev sim txiav txim siab cov ntawv sau rau hauv cov ntawv txawv txav, feem ntau ua raws li kev cai nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th - lawv tau ua ib qho kev soj ntsuam zaus ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam cim, xaiv cov lus tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj Latin, lossis ntau hom lus Western European, lossis Arabic tuaj. Kev tshawb nrhiav txuas ntxiv mus. Peb tau kuaj Suav, Ukrainian thiab Turkish … Hauv vain!

Cov lus luv luv ntawm cov ntawv sau tau nco txog qee yam lus ntawm Polynesia, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi los ntawm nws. Kev xav txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem tau tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim cov nroj tsuag tsis zoo ib yam li cov uas peb paub (txawm hais tias ua tib zoo kos), thiab spirals los ntawm cov hnub qub nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX tau nco txog ntau yam ntawm caj npab ntawm Galaxy. Nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias qhov twg tau hais nyob rau hauv cov ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau. John Dee nws tus kheej kuj raug liam tias yog dag - nws tau liam tias tsis yog cov tsiaj ntawv cuav xwb (muaj tiag tiag yog ib qho ntawm Dee cov haujlwm, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog ib qho uas siv hauv phau ntawv sau), tab sis kuj tsim cov ntawv tsis muaj qab hau rau nws. Feem ntau, kev tshawb fawb tau mus txog qhov kawg.

Keeb kwm ntawm cov ntawv sau.

Txij li cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau tsis muaj qhov pom kev zoo sib xws nrog cov kev paub sau ntawv thiab cov ntawv nyeem tseem tsis tau raug txiav tawm, tsuas yog "clue" rau kev txiav txim siab hnub nyoog ntawm phau ntawv thiab nws keeb kwm yog cov duab kos. Tshwj xeeb, cov khaub ncaws thiab khaub ncaws ntawm cov poj niam, nrog rau ob peb lub xauv hauv cov duab kos. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Tebchaws Europe ntawm xyoo 1450 thiab 1520, yog li cov ntawv sau feem ntau yog hnub tim los ntawm lub sijhawm no. Qhov no yog indirectly lees paub los ntawm lwm yam cim.

Tus tswv paub ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm phau ntawv yog Georg Baresch, tus kws tshaj lij alchemist uas nyob hauv Prague thaum xyoo pua 17th. Baresh, pom tau tias, kuj tau xav paub tsis meej ntawm phau ntawv no los ntawm nws lub tsev qiv ntawv. Thaum kawm tias Athanasius Kircher, tus kws tshawb fawb Jesuit uas muaj npe nrov los ntawm Collegio Romano, tau luam tawm phau ntawv txhais lus Coptic thiab txiav txim siab (tom qab ntawd ntseeg) Egyptian hieroglyphs, nws tau theej ib feem ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab xa tus qauv no mus rau Kircher hauv Rome (ob zaug), thov pab txiav txim siab. nws. Baresch's 1639 tsab ntawv rau Kircher, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm los ntawm Rene Zandbergen, yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws paub siv rau Cov Ntawv Sau.

Nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias Kircher tau teb rau Baresh qhov kev thov, tab sis nws paub tias nws xav yuav phau ntawv, tab sis Baresh tej zaum tsis kam muag nws. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Bares, phau ntawv tau dhau mus rau nws tus phooj ywg, Johannes Marcus Marci, rector ntawm University of Prague. Marzi xav tias xa nws mus rau Kircher, tus phooj ywg ntev ntawm nws. Nws tsab ntawv npog los ntawm 1666 tseem txuas nrog rau Cov Ntawv Sau. Ntawm lwm yam, tsab ntawv hais tias nws yog Ameslikas yuav rau 600 ducats los ntawm Vajntxwv Roman Emperor Rudolph II, uas ntseeg tias phau ntawv no yog ua haujlwm ntawm Roger Bacon.

200 xyoo ntxiv ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm Phau Ntawv Maumoos yog tsis paub, tab sis nws yog feem ntau nws tau khaws cia nrog rau tus so ntawm Kircher cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm lub Collegium ntawm Rome (tam sim no lub Gregorian University). Phau ntawv tej zaum tseem nyob ntawd kom txog rau thaum cov tub rog ntawm Victor Emmanuel II tau ntes lub nroog xyoo 1870 thiab muab lub Xeev Papal rau lub Nceeg Vaj Italian. Cov tub ceev xwm Italian tshiab tau txiav txim siab txeeb tau ntau lub cuab yeej los ntawm lub Koom Txoos, suav nrog lub tsev qiv ntawv. Raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Xavier Ceccaldi thiab lwm tus, ntau phau ntawv los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv lub tsev qiv ntawv yav dhau los tau nrawm nrawm mus rau cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, uas nws cov khoom tsis raug txeeb, raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Xavier Ceccaldi. Kircher cov ntawv xov xwm yog nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv no, thiab pom tau tias kuj muaj ib phau ntawv Voynich, raws li phau ntawv tseem dais phau ntawv ntawm Petrus Beckx, tom qab ntawd lub taub hau ntawm Jesuit xaj thiab rector ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Lub tsev qiv ntawv Bex tau tsiv mus rau Villa Borghese di Mondragone a Frascati - lub tsev loj nyob ze Rome, tau txais los ntawm Jesuit zej zog hauv 1866.

Xyoo 1912, Collegium ntawm Rome xav tau nyiaj txiag thiab txiav txim siab muag ib feem ntawm nws cov cuab yeej hauv kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws. Wilfried Voynich tau txais 30 cov ntawv sau, ntawm lwm yam, tus uas tam sim no dais nws lub npe. Xyoo 1961, tom qab Voynich tuag, phau ntawv tau muag los ntawm nws tus poj ntsuam Ethel Lilian Voynich (tus sau ntawm The Gadfly) rau lwm tus neeg muag ntawv, Hanse P. Kraus. Pom tsis muaj neeg yuav khoom, Kraus tau pub cov ntawv sau rau Yale University hauv xyoo 1969.

Yog li, peb cov neeg niaj hnub xav li cas txog cov ntawv sau no?

Piv txwv li, Sergei Gennadievich Krivenkov, ib tug neeg sib tw ntawm biological sciences, ib tug kws tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lub computer psychodiagnostics, thiab Klavdia Nikolaevna Nagornaya, ib tug thawj coj software engineer ntawm lub IHT ntawm Ministry of Health ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation (St. thaj, formulations, nyob rau hauv uas, raws li paub, muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb abbreviations, uas muab luv luv "lo lus" nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Vim li cas thiaj encrypt? Yog hais tias cov no yog cov formulations ntawm tshuaj lom, ces lo lus nug disappears … Dee nws tus kheej, rau tag nrho nws cov versatility, tsis yog ib tug kws tshaj lij ntawm cov tshuaj, yog li nws hardly compiled cov ntawv nyeem. Tab sis tom qab ntawd cov lus nug tseem ceeb yog: dab tsi ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis paub "unearthly" tau pom hauv cov duab? Nws muab tawm tias lawv yog … composite. Piv txwv li, lub paj ntawm lub npe nrov belladonna yog txuas nrog nplooj ntawm ib tug tsawg-paub, tab sis sib npaug tshuaj lom nroj tsuag hu ua clefthoof. Thiab yog li ntawd - nyob rau hauv ntau lwm yam. Raws li koj tau pom, aliens tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog nws. Ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau pom ob qho tib si sawv hips thiab nettles. Tab sis kuj … ginseng.

Los ntawm qhov no nws tau xaus lus tias tus sau phau ntawv tau mus rau Tuam Tshoj. Txij li thaum feem coob ntawm cov nroj tsuag tseem yog European, Kuv tau mus los ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Lub koom haum twg muaj hwj chim nyob sab Europe tau xa nws lub luag haujlwm rau Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th? Cov lus teb los ntawm keeb kwm yog paub - qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov Jesuits. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv qhov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws rau Prague nyob hauv 1580s. nyob rau hauv Krakow, thiab John Dee, ua ke nrog nws tus khub, alchemist Kelly, thawj zaug ua hauj lwm kuj nyob rau hauv Krakow, thiab ces tsiv mus rau Prague (qhov twg, los ntawm txoj kev, tus huab tais raug thawb los ntawm papal nuncio thiaj li yuav ntiab Dee). Yog li txoj hauv kev ntawm tus neeg paub txog cov zaub mov muaj kuab lom, uas thawj zaug mus rau lub hom phiaj rau Tuam Tshoj, ces xa rov qab los ntawm courier (lub hom phiaj nws tus kheej tseem nyob hauv Suav teb tau ntau xyoo), thiab tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm hauv Krakow, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog txoj hauv kev ntawm John. Dee. Cov neeg sib tw, hauv ib lo lus …

Thaum nws pom tseeb tias ntau cov duab ntawm "herbarium" txhais li cas, Sergei thiab Klavdia pib nyeem cov ntawv. Qhov kev xav tias nws feem ntau muaj Latin thiab qee zaus Greek cov ntawv luv luv tau lees paub. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau nrhiav pom qhov txawv txawv cipher siv los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv qhia. Ntawm no kuv yuav tsum nco qab txog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qho tib si kev xav ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab qhov peculiarities ntawm cov txheej txheem encryption.

Tshwj xeeb, thaum kawg ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, lawv tsis tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov yuam sij digital rau ciphers (tom qab ntawd tsis muaj khoos phis tawj), tab sis lawv feem ntau tau ntxig ntau cov cim tsis muaj ntsiab lus ("blanks") rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, uas. feem ntau devalues siv cov zaus tsom xam thaum decrypting ib phau ntawv. Tab sis peb tau tswj xyuas kom paub tias dab tsi yog "dummy" thiab dab tsi tsis yog. "Dub lom zem" tsis yog ib tug neeg txawv rau lub compiler ntawm formulation ntawm tshuaj lom. Yog li, nws kom meej meej tsis xav kom raug dai raws li ib tug tshuaj lom, thiab lub cim nrog lub ntsiab zoo li lub gallows yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis nyeem tau. Cov tswv yim ntawm numerology ib txwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd kuj tau siv.

Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv daim duab nrog ib tug belladonna thiab ib tug hoof, piv txwv li, nws muaj peev xwm nyeem cov Latin npe ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb. Thiab cov lus qhia txog kev npaj cov tshuaj lom neeg tuag … Ntawm no, ob qho tib si tus cwj pwm ntawm cov zaub mov txawv thiab lub npe ntawm tus vajtswv ntawm kev tuag nyob rau hauv ancient mythology (Thanatos, tus kwv ntawm tus vajtswv tsaug zog Hypnos) tuaj nyob rau hauv ke. Nco ntsoov tias thaum txiav txim siab, nws muaj peev xwm coj mus rau hauv tus account txawm tias qhov phem heev ntawm cov lus sib liam ntawm cov zaub mov txawv. Yog li txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm keeb kwm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab cryptography, thiab kuv kuj yuav tsum tau muab cov duab los ntawm ntau phau ntawv siv rau cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Thiab lub hauv siab qhib …

Tau kawg, kev nyeem tag nrho ntawm cov ntawv sau ntawm cov ntawv sau, thiab tsis yog ntawm nws cov nplooj ntawv, yuav xav tau kev siv zog ntawm tag nrho pab pawg tshwj xeeb. Tab sis "ntsev" tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov txawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev nthuav qhia ntawm keeb kwm riddle.

Thiab cov stellar spirals? Nws muab tawm tias peb tab tom tham txog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws los sau tshuaj ntsuab, thiab hauv ib rooj plaub - qhov sib xyaw opiates nrog kas fes, alas, yog qhov tsis zoo.

Yog li nws zoo li cov neeg taug kev galactic tsim nyog nrhiav, tab sis tsis nyob ntawm no …

Thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Gordon Rugg los ntawm Keely University (Great Britain) tau los xaus tias cov ntawv ntawm ib phau ntawv coj txawv txawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th yuav zoo dhau los ua gibberish. Puas yog Voynich Manuscript yog ib qho kev dag ntxias?

Ib phau ntawv paub tsis meej nyob rau xyoo pua 16 tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb, hais tias tus kws tshawb fawb hauv computer. Rugg siv Elizabethan-era espionage cov txheej txheem los tsim cov ntawv sau Voynich uas tau ua rau cov neeg tsis paub lus codebreakers thiab linguists tau ze li ib puas xyoo.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov neeg soj xyuas thev naus laus zis los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Elizabeth Thawj, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntawv sau npe nrov Voynich, uas tau nyiam cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov lus sau rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Rugg hais tias "Kuv ntseeg tias qhov cuav yog ib qho kev piav qhia uas muaj tseeb," Rugg hais. "Tam sim no nws yog lub lem ntawm cov neeg ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem los muab lawv piav."Tus kws tshawb fawb xav tias phau ntawv no tau tsim rau Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Rudolph II los ntawm Askiv adventurer Edward Kelly. Lwm cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov version no yog qhov tseeb, tab sis tsis yog tib qho xwb.

"Cov neeg thuam ntawm qhov kev xav no tau sau tseg tias 'Voynich lus' yog qhov nyuaj heev rau qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Yuav ua li cas ib tug swindler medieval tsim 200 nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau nrog ntau cov qauv hloov maj mam hauv cov qauv thiab kev faib cov lus? Tab sis nws muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua ntau ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo kawg li ntawm Voynichsky siv cov cuab yeej coding yooj yim uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th. Cov ntawv tsim los ntawm cov qauv no zoo li "voynich", tab sis nws yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb, tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus zais. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tsis ua pov thawj tias Voynich cov ntawv sau yog kev dag, tab sis nws txhawb txoj kev xav ntev ntev uas cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug concocted los ntawm Askiv adventurer Edward Kelly mus dag Rudolph II."

Yuav kom nkag siab tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li siv sij hawm ntau thiab kev siv zog ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog los nthuav tawm cov ntawv sau, nws yuav tsum tau qhia me ntsis ntxiv txog nws. Yog tias peb muab cov ntawv sau ua ib hom lus tsis paub, ces nws yuav txawv ntawm kev txhob txwm ua yuam kev los ntawm ib lub koom haum nyuaj, pom tau rau lub qhov muag, thiab ntau ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm tsom xam hauv computer. Yog tsis tau mus rau hauv cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias ntau cov ntawv hauv cov lus tiag tiag tsuas pom muaj nyob hauv qee qhov chaw thiab ua ke nrog qee cov ntawv, thiab tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog cov lus. Cov no thiab lwm yam ntawm cov lus tiag tiag yog qhov tseeb hauv cov ntawv sau Voynich. Kev hais lus, nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj entropy, thiab nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv sau nrog qis entropy manually - thiab qhov no yog xyoo pua 16th.

Tseem tsis tau muaj leej twg tuaj yeem qhia tau tias cov lus uas cov ntawv sau yog cryptography, hloov kho ntawm qee yam lus uas twb muaj lawm, lossis tsis muaj tseeb. Qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv tsis pom nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov lus uas twb muaj lawm - piv txwv li, ob los yog peb repetitions ntawm cov lus feem ntau - uas tau lees tias lub hypothesis ntawm tsis muaj tseeb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev faib cov lus ntev thiab txoj kev cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov lus sib xyaw ua ke zoo ib yam li cov lus tiag. Ntau tus neeg xav tias cov ntawv no yog qhov nyuaj dhau los ua ib qho yooj yim fake - nws yuav siv sij hawm qee qhov vwm alchemist ntau xyoo kom ua tiav qhov tseeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Rugg tau qhia, cov ntawv nyeem no yooj yim heev los tsim nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej cipher tsim nyob ib puag ncig 1550 thiab hu ua Cardan lattice. Daim phiaj no yog lub rooj ntawm cov cim, cov lus uas tau tsim los ntawm kev txav ib qho tshwj xeeb stencil nrog qhov. Cov hlwb tsis muaj nyob hauv lub rooj muab cov lus ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv. Siv cov lus sib dhos ntawm cov lus sau los ntawm Voynich cov ntawv sau, Rugg tau sau cov lus nrog ntau, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho, ntawm cov ntawv sau cov ntsiab lus. Nws tsuas yog siv peb lub hlis los tsim ib phau ntawv zoo li phau ntawv sau. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua pov thawj qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntawv sau, tus kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem no los tsim cov ntawv sau loj txaus los ntawm nws. Rugg vam tias yuav ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev siv cov lattices thiab rooj.

Nws zoo nkaus li tias sim decipher cov ntawv ua tsis tau vim tus sau tau paub txog qhov peculiarities ntawm cov encodings thiab tsim cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv xws li cov ntawv nyeem zoo li plausible, tab sis tsis qiv nws tus kheej rau kev tsom xam. Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm NTR. Ru, cov ntawv nyeem muaj tsawg kawg yog qhov zoo li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hla tebchaws uas cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau nrhiav. Cov tsiaj ntawv tau sau ntau yam uas cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tsiaj ntawv loj npaum li cas uas cov ntawv sau tau, thiab txij li txhua tus neeg uas tau piav qhia hauv phau ntawv yog liab qab, qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau hnub ntawv los ntawm khaub ncaws.

Xyoo 1919, kev luam tawm ntawm Voynich cov ntawv sau tuaj rau tus xibfwb ntawm kev xav ntawm University of Pennsylvania, Romain Newbould. Newbould, uas nyuam qhuav dhau los 54 xyoos, muaj kev txaus siab dav, ntau yam nrog lub ntsiab lus tsis meej. Nyob rau hauv lub hieroglyphs ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntawv sau, Newbould pom cov cim microscopic ntawm kev sau ntawv luv luv thiab tau ua tiav los txiav txim siab, txhais lawv ua cov tsiaj ntawv Latin. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov ntawv thib ob uas siv 17 cov ntawv sib txawv. Tom qab ntawd Newbould muab ob npaug rau tag nrho cov ntawv hauv cov lus tshwj tsis yog thawj zaug thiab qhov kawg, thiab raug rau cov lus hloov tshwj xeeb uas muaj ib qho ntawm cov ntawv "a", "c", "m", "n", "o", "q", "t", "U". Hauv cov ntawv uas tau tshwm sim, Newbould tau hloov cov ntawv ua ke nrog ib tsab ntawv, ua raws li txoj cai nws tsis tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem.

Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1921, Newbould tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ua ntej ntawm nws txoj haujlwm rau cov neeg tuaj saib kev kawm. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau qhia Roger Bacon ua tus kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub sijhawm. Raws li Newbould, Bacon tiag tiag tsim lub tshuab tsom iav nrog lub tsom iav thiab nrog lawv cov kev pab ua rau ntau qhov kev tshawb pom uas xav tias yuav tshawb pom ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv xyoo pua 20th. Lwm cov lus tshaj tawm los ntawm Newbold cov ntawv tshaj tawm cuam tshuam nrog "kev paub tsis meej ntawm cov hnub qub tshiab."

"Yog tias cov ntawv sau Voynich tiag tiag muaj cov lus zais ntawm cov hnub qub tshiab thiab quasars, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau nws kom nyob twj ywm undeciphered, vim hais tias cov ntaub ntawv zais ntawm lub zog uas tshaj lub foob pob hluav taws thiab nws yooj yim heev rau siv uas tus neeg ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th tuaj yeem siv tau. xam nws tawm yog qhov tseeb qhov zais cia uas peb kev vam meej tsis tas yuav daws, - sau tus kws kho mob Jacques Bergier txog qhov no. "Peb qee yam muaj sia nyob, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd tsuas yog vim peb tau tswj hwm kom muaj cov kev sim ntawm hydrogen foob pob. Yog tias muaj lub sijhawm los tso lub zog ntau dua, nws zoo dua rau peb tsis paub lossis tsis tau. Txwv tsis pub, peb lub ntiaj teb yuav ploj mus sai sai hauv qhov muag tsis pom kev tawg ntawm supernova."

Newbould tsab ntawv ceeb toom ua rau muaj kev xav. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, txawm hais tias lawv tsis kam qhia tawm tswv yim txog kev siv tau ntawm cov txheej txheem siv los ntawm nws los hloov cov ntawv sau ntawm cov ntawv sau, xav txog lawv tus kheej tsis muaj peev xwm hauv cryptanalysis, nkag siab pom zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau txais. Ib tus kws kho mob lub cev nto moo txawm hais tias qee qhov ntawm cov duab kos hauv cov ntawv sau tej zaum piav qhia cov hlwb epithelial loj dua 75 zaug. Cov pej xeem tau fascinated. Tag nrho Hnub Sunday ntxiv rau cov ntawv xov xwm muaj koob npe tau mob siab rau qhov kev tshwm sim no. Ib tug poj niam pluag tau taug kev ntau pua kilometers nug Newbould, siv Bacon cov qauv, kom tshem tawm cov dab phem ntxias uas muaj nws.

Kuj tseem muaj kev tawm tsam. Ntau tus tsis nkag siab Newbold txoj kev: tib neeg siv tsis tau nws txoj kev los sau cov lus tshiab. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias lub kaw lus cryptographic yuav tsum ua haujlwm hauv ob qho tib si. Yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug cipher, koj yuav tsis tau tsuas yog decrypt cov lus encrypted nrog nws, tab sis kuj encrypt cov ntawv tshiab. Newbold tau dhau los ua qhov tsis meej, tsawg dua thiab siv tau tsawg dua. Nws tuag xyoo 1926. Nws tus phooj ywg thiab cov npoj yaig Roland Grubb Kent luam tawm nws txoj haujlwm hauv 1928 raws li Roger Bacon Code. Cov neeg Amelikas thiab Askiv keeb kwm uas kawm txog Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog yog ntau tshaj qhov txwv tsis pub lawv tus cwj pwm rau nws.

Txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg tau nthuav tawm ntau qhov tob tob. Vim li cas ho tsis muaj leej twg paub txog qhov no?

Raws li ib tug Manly, qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas "kev sim ntawm decryption txog tam sim no tau ua los ntawm cov kev xav tsis tseeb. Peb yeej tsis paub thaum twg thiab qhov twg cov ntawv sau tau sau, hom lus twg yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev nkag mus. Thaum qhov tseeb hypotheses raug ua tiav, lub cipher, tej zaum, yuav tshwm sim yooj yim thiab yooj yim … ".

Nws yog qhov nthuav, raws li cov qauv saum toj no, lawv tau tsim cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb hauv Asmeskas Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm tias lawv cov kws tshaj lij tau xav txog qhov teeb meem ntawm phau ntawv tsis meej thiab thaum ntxov 80s tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev txiav txim siab nws. Hais ncaj ncees, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ntseeg hais tias xws li ib tug loj lub koom haum tau koom nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv purely tawm ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm kev ua si nawv. Tej zaum lawv xav siv cov ntawv sau los tsim ib qho ntawm cov niaj hnub encryption algorithms uas lub tuam tsev zais cia no muaj npe nrov. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov kev siv zog kuj ua tsis tiav.

Nws tseem hais txog qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, qhov kev sib tw medieval tseem tsis tau daws. Thiab nws tsis paub yog tias cov kws tshawb fawb yuav puas tuaj yeem sau qhov sib txawv no thiab nyeem cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no.

Tam sim no qhov kev tsim ib-ntawm-ib-zoo tau khaws cia hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv tsis tshua muaj thiab tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv Yale University thiab kwv yees li ntawm $ 160,000. Cov ntawv sau tsis raug muab rau leej twg hauv tes: txhua tus neeg uas xav sim lawv txhais tes ntawm kev txiav txim siab tuaj yeem rub tawm cov ntawv luam zoo los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lub vev xaib.

Download tau Voynich Manuscript nyob rau hauv tag nrho