Psychology neeg coob coob: cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ntshai

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kwv yees li ib puas shark tawm tsam tib neeg tshwm sim txhua xyoo; kwv yees li 10% ntawm cov mob no yog neeg tuag taus. Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob tawm tsam ntawm hiav txwv predator? Nws yooj yim dua puas tau - tsis txhob ua luam dej hauv qhov chaw txwv. Cov neeg coob coob yog tib co shark. Tau ntau pua xyoo dhau los, ntau tshaj li peb caug ntu ntawm pawg neeg ntaus pob tau raug kaw, uas los ntawm peb caug mus rau ib thiab ib nrab txhiab tus neeg tuag ib zaug. Koj puas xav kom muaj sia nyob hauv pawg neeg? Cia li nyob deb.

Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los qhia, tab sis nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom ua raws li cov lus qhia. Peb tsis nyob hauv ib lub steppe lossis hav zoov, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib lub nroog thiab, willy-nilly, peb pom peb tus kheej hauv cov neeg coob coob. Metro platform, chaw nres tsheb npav, txoj kev, kev hais kwv txhiaj lossis kev sib tw kis las - peb nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau tus neeg.

Cov pawg neeg nws tus kheej - zoo li qub, tos rau ib yam dab tsi lossis dynamic, txav mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia - tsis yog qhov txaus ntshai heev hauv txoj cai. Tab sis ib qho kev hem thawj (tiag lossis tsuas yog suab nrov - "Hlawv!", "Pob!", "Lawv tuaj!", "Tsis txaus rau txhua tus!") tuaj yeem hloov qhov xwm txheej tam sim ntawd. Ib pawg neeg nyob twj ywm tam sim ntawd ua nruj, zoo li qub - ntshai, thiab pom tseeb - xyaum hloov pauv.

Qhov tseem ceeb pandemoniums:

Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1809 thiab 2015, muaj txog plaub caug tus neeg ntaus thoob ntiaj teb nrog ntau dua 100 tus neeg tuag thiab plaub tus neeg tuag ze li ntawm 1,000. 1. Tsib Hlis 18, 1896: poob saum toj ntawm Khodynskoye teb (Moscow). Tuag: 1,389 txog 2,000. Ntau tshaj 500,000 tus neeg tuaj sib sau ua ke thaum lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Nicholas II. Thaum cov lus xaiv nthuav tawm hauv cov neeg coob coob tias yuav tsis muaj khoom plig muaj koob muaj npe txaus rau txhua tus (gingerbread, mugs, khoom qab zib), kev sib tsoo pib; Cov neeg muag khoom, ntshai rau lawv cov khw muag khoom, pib pov khoom plig rau hauv cov neeg coob coob, uas tsuas yog ua rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav dua.

Pawg neeg architecture

Ua ntej yuav mus rau qhov txaus ntshai uas hem cov neeg coob coob, cia peb saib nws cov architecture thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws. Yog tias koj saib cov neeg coob coob ntawm cov noog qhov muag - piv txwv li, los ntawm lub koob yees duab ntawm lub quadcopter - muaj peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:

1) Lub hauv paus ntawm cov neeg coob coob yog qhov chaw uas tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ib square meter ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws. Feem ntau, tsuas muaj ib qho tseem ceeb - ib theem kev hais kwv txhiaj, kev nom kev tswv tribune, ntug ntawm lub platform; Qee lub sij hawm muaj ob peb cores nyob rau hauv cov neeg coob coob - ntau qhov nqaim aisles, chaw ntau pob pib chaw ua haujlwm, chaw kuaj xyuas;

2) txoj kab nruab nrab twb yog cov neeg coob coob, tab sis tseem tsis tau ntom ntom ntom nti; kev txav ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv txoj kab nruab nrab feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm lub nucleus;

3) qhov chaw ib puag ncig, sab nrauv ntawm cov neeg coob coob, qhov chaw uas tib neeg tab tom mus koom - lossis tab tom sim tawm ntawm cov neeg coob coob.

Qhov kev faib no yog, ntawm chav kawm, muaj cai - nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw kaw, piv txwv li, thaum muaj hluav taws kub hauv ib hmo ntuj, cov tub ntxhais tuaj yeem tuav tag nrho thaj chaw muaj.

2. Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj Tim 6, 1953: poob nthav ntawm Stalin lub ntees tuag (Moscow). Tua neeg: 100 txog 2000 tus neeg. Qhov kev sib tsoo tau tshwm sim thaum lub ntees tuag hauv Trubnaya Square. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws tseem raug cais nruj me ntsis, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj pes tsawg tus neeg tuag.

Nws yuav zoo li tias qhov chaw nyab xeeb tshaj plaws yog qhov chaw ib puag ncig, tab sis qhov no yog ib feem ntawm kev xav. Yog tias cov neeg coob coob raug txwv los ntawm cov tsev, tsheb, laj kab, toj roob hauv pes nta, ces cov neeg nyob rau hauv ib qho me me periphery yuav tam sim ntawd crushed txog tag nrho cov saum toj no. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov neeg coob coob muaj peev xwm txav ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm; koj tus kheej tau ntsiag to sawv ntawm phab ntsa, tab sis koj twb nias tawm tsam phab ntsa no los ntawm ob peb txhiab tus neeg ib zaug. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj twb tau tswj kom pom koj tus kheej hauv cov neeg coob coob, nyob hauv txoj kab nruab nrab - muaj ntau chav rau maneuver.

Txoj cai ciaj sia

Thaum tsiv hauv ib pawg neeg, tsis txhob tawm tsam cov neeg khiav dej num, qhov no yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Ua raws li cov kev taw qhia dav dav ntawm kev mus ncig, coj me ntsis mus rau sab, ntawm kev tawm, yog tias muaj ib qho. Tsis txhob thawb tib neeg ib sab, lawv tsis muaj qhov txav mus los. Zoo dua los hloov chaw nrog lawv. Thaum cov neeg coob coob nyob ntsiag to, siv lo lus txhais tau tias: "Kuv thov txim, thov tso kuv mus." Yog tias qhov no tsis pab, mus rau phau ntawv qhia, rub tus neeg los ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab rub koj tus kheej, thaum coj nws qhov chaw, nco ntsoov thov zam txim ntau.

3. Lub Kaum Hli 20, 1982: qhov xwm txheej ntawm Luzhniki (Moscow). ua: 66 Cov kev ua si loj tshaj plaws hauv USSR tau tshwm sim ntawm 1/16 UEFA Cup kev sib tw ntawm Spartak thiab Dutch Haarlem. Qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev sib tw vim yog lub koom haum tsis zoo ntawm kev tawm ntawm lub chaw ntau pob ntau dhau.

Yog tias koj pom koj tus kheej hauv pawg neeg tsis nyob ib leeg - tab sis, piv txwv li, nrog menyuam yaus, poj niam, phooj ywg - qhov kev cia siab tsis zoo tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm ib leeg. Tsis muaj nyiaj "muab koj txhais tes rau kuv" yuav pab tau. Ib tug me nyuam - nyob rau hauv koj txhais tes. Yog hais tias nws laus txaus - nyob rau hauv lub "tso tseg parachute" txoj hauj lwm: peb muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv siab, cia nws txhais tes tuav koj ib ncig ntawm lub caj dab, thiab ob txhais ceg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub duav. Peb nias tus neeg laus mus rau sab nraub qaum, nrog ib txhais tes nws tuav koj los ntawm txoj siv hlua khi lossis khaub ncaws hauv plab, koj tswj thiab ntxiv dag zog rau qhov tuav nrog ib txhais tes. Kev sib txig sib luag thaum tawm hauv pawg neeg raug muab tso tseg, ib tug ua, tus thib ob raws nws, snuggling ze. Qhov no yog li cas cov bodyguards khiav tawm tus neeg tiv thaiv. Yog tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev xa ib tus phooj ywg qab koj nraub qaum, tsawg kawg rub koj lub luj tshib.

Ua ntej sim tawm ntawm cov neeg coob coob, lossis zoo dua ua ntej koj nkag mus rau hauv nws, khawm koj lub tsho sab nrauv thiab txhua lub hnab ris, khi lub phuam qhwv caj dab hauv koj lub tsho, tshem tawm lub hood, lace up your boots. Nkaum txhua yam uas koj tuaj yeem ntes tau rau ib yam dab tsi lossis koj tuaj yeem rub tau.

4. Lub Xya hli ntuj 2, 1990: xwm txheej nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg taug kev qhov hauv Mecca. Tuag: 1,425 tus neeg. Kev sib tsoo loj tshaj plaws thaum lub caij Hajj. Tsis muaj Hajj ua tiav yam tsis muaj neeg raug mob, tab sis xyoo 1990 tsoo tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 45-degree tshav kub, ntau txhiab tus neeg taug kev mus rau hauv qhov txias txias txuas nrog Mecca nrog cov neeg mus ncig ua si ntawm Mina. Lub peev xwm ntawm qhov av yog tsib zaug dhau, thiab ntau tus neeg tuag vim qhov nres ntawm cov kiv cua.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias tsis muaj ib qho kev ceeb toom, nws yuav ua tiav yam tsis muaj koj kev koom tes. Thaum ua tau, sim ua kom coj zoo raws li qhov ua tau, tsis txhob nce qhov xwm txheej. Hauv cov neeg coob coob, lub siab hloov pauv mus rau qhov tsis zoo - ntaus-khiav-txuag! - tshwm sim sai heev. Nws tsis yog architecture uas ua haujlwm ntawm no, tab sis psychology.

Psychological effect

Txhua tus kws tshawb fawb, pib nrog Gustave Le Bon, tus sau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb "Psychology of Peoples and the Masses" thiab "Psychology of Crowds", txo cov kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm pawg neeg mus rau peb qhov tshwm sim: homogeneity, kev xav thiab irrationality.

Sai li ntau tus neeg sib sau ua ke hauv ib qho chaw, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kis kab mob tshwm sim - lub siab xav lossis kev xav ntawm ob peb tus neeg tau kis mus rau txhua tus neeg sai sai, zoo li tus kab mob sib kis. Cov neeg kho tshuab kev sib kis ntawm mus ob peb vas kuj pom nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub - pib yawning thiab lwm tus yuav khaws nws. Hauv ib pawg neeg, nws tshwm sim sai dua thiab muaj zog dua. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kis kab mob yog tsim los ntawm kab lus "txhua tus neeg tau khiav - thiab kuv tau khiav." Txiv neej yog ib tug tsiaj gregarious, thiab "ua raws txhua tus" algorithm yog evolutionarily embedded nyob rau hauv peb ciaj sia taus instincts.

Qee zaum qhov no tuaj yeem ua si hauv koj txhais tes. Qhov no yog li cas Hakob Nazaretyan piav qhia txog kev siv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kis tus kab mob hauv nws phau ntawv "Lub Psychology of Spontaneous Mass Behavior": "Ntawm no yog cov ntaub ntawv kawm los ntawm lub neej ua ntej tsov rog ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Xyoo 1938, qhov hluav taws kub me me tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Parisian lub teb chaws velodrome thaum kawg ntawm kev sib tw. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tswj xyuas qhov hluav taws kub sai sai, tab sis kaum txhiab tus neeg saib twb tau tsiv mus nrog lub zog ntau dhau mus rau qhov tsuas yog tawm. Qhov xwm txheej hem ua rau tuag taus.

Los ntawm ib tug muaj hmoo coincidence, ob tug psychologists tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov neeg coob coob, uas muaj peev xwm taw qhia lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab pib suab nrov nrov: "Ne-pousse-pas!" ("Tsis txhob cia-pa!" - Tsis txhob ncaws-kai!) Lub suab nrov tau txais los ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig koj, nws dhau los ntawm cov neeg coob coob. Ob peb feeb tom qab, ntau txhiab tus neeg tau hu qhov no kab lus ua ke; pawg neeg tau hloov mus ua ib qho kev nthuav qhia, kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab tau hloov los ntawm kev txaus siab, thiab txhua tus neeg muaj kev nyab xeeb tawm ntawm qhov chaw."

5. Tsib Hlis 30, 1999: xwm txheej ntawm Nemiga (Minsk). Tua: 53 tus neeg. Thaum lub sijhawm Minsk npias Success, nws tau los nag hnyav nrog lawg, thiab cov neeg coob coob tau maj mus rau hauv qhov nqaim hauv av. Muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob; Feem coob ntawm cov neeg raug tua yog cov hluas hnub nyoog 14 txog 20 xyoo.

Alas, txoj kev ceev tshaj plaws uas tib neeg kis tau nrog kev ntshai thiab kev npau taws. Sai li ib tug neeg qw "Cia peb khiav!" - Txhua tus yuav khiav, tsis paub qhov twg thiab vim li cas. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev los sim nce qhov chaw siab dua hauv cov neeg coob coob - ntawm lub teeb ncej lossis lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsheb. Yuav luag txhua tus yuav ua raws li koj tam sim ntawd, yuav tsis muaj chaw txaus rau txhua tus, thiab koj yuav poob. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tsheb yog ib lub tswv yim zoo, koj yuav tsis raug thawb tawm ntawm qhov ntawd.

Hmoov tsis zoo, cov neeg coob coob raws li tib neeg lub cev tsis muaj laj thawj, thiab kev coj noj coj ua tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg tuag. Thaum cov neeg coob coob ntshai los yog txhoj puab heev, cov neeg coob coob tsiv mus nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txav uas zoo ib yam li cov kwj deg dej - ceev ceev thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tsis kam. Thaum cov neeg coob coob ntsib ib qho teeb meem, pawg neeg sib cais, khoov ib ncig ntawm nws, lossis sim ua kom dhau, vim qhov kev sib tsoo pib.

6. November 22, 2010: Stampede in Phnom Penh. Tuag: 456 tus neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm kaw lub koob tsheej ntawm cov hnub caiv Qhab Meem teb, Hnub Dej, ntau txhiab tus neeg tuaj sib sau ua ke ntawm tus choj nqaim hla tus dej Tonle Sap. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tuag tau poob dej tom qab raug pov tawm ntawm tus choj hauv kev sib tsoo loj heev.

Tsis txhob poob

Muaj ob qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv cov neeg coob coob - raug tsoo lossis tsoo. Ob qho kev hem thawj no qhia txog kev raug mob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav - los ntawm kev raug mob thiab ntau qhov nqaij ntuag mus rau tus txha caj qaum, pneumothorax, thiab hemorrhage sab hauv uas ua rau tso tawm letalis.

Thawj qhov txaus ntshai - lawv yuav tsoo! - nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm cov tshuaj, nws yog hu ua compression asphyxiation, los yog, yooj yim muab, suffocation los ntawm squeezing. Tsis zoo li classical strangulation cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsws, nrog lub zog squeezing los ntawm txhua sab, ib tug neeg cov ntshav ncig yog cuam tshuam, venous ntshav tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws, cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha ua thinner, thiab pulmonary edema pib; ruptures ntawm tav, ruptures ntawm sab hauv nruab nrog cev kuj ua tau. Raws li kev txheeb cais, ntau tus neeg tuag nyob rau hauv ib pawg neeg los ntawm compression strangulation dua los ntawm tag nrho lwm cov kev raug mob.

7. Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj Tim 1, 2013: ntaus pob ncaws pob ntawm Houfouet-Boigny stadium (Abidjan). ua: 61 Ib qho kev sib tsoo tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov tawm ntawm lub chaw ntau pob, qhov twg Xyoo Tshiab lub koob tsheej thiab foob pob hluav taws tau pib. Feem coob ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom yog menyuam yaus.

Yuav ua li cas ib tug yuav dim ntawm no? Yog tias koj raug nyem los ntawm txhua sab kom nruj kom ua pa nyuaj, tsis txhob sim thawb lwm tus nyob ib puag ncig thiab yeej koj qhov chaw nyob - nws tseem yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tuav koj txoj cai lapel nrog koj sab tes laug (lossis lwm qhov, qhov no tsis tseem ceeb) thiab muab koj lub luj tshib rau pem hauv ntej. Tam sim no muaj kaum centimeters ntawm qhov chaw dawb nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj lub hauv siab, koj tuaj yeem ua pa ntsiag to thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom tawm ntawm no kom sai li sai tau.

Qhov thib ob txaus ntshai - lawv yuav tsuj! - txuas nrog, tau kawg, nrog kev poob rau hauv pawg neeg. Kev poob rau hauv ib pawg neeg khiav yog qhov phem tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Panicking lossis txhoj puab heev yuav khiav ntawm koj, trampling koj mus rau hauv av. Txawm tias ib tug neeg txiav txim siab nres, nws yuav tsis ua tiav, cov neeg coob coob muaj zog.

Tom qab ntog, nqa lub pose ntawm ib tug embryo. Peb tig rau ntawm peb sab nraub qaum, zais tus txha nraub qaum thiab ob lub raum. Lub puab tsaig yog nruj nreem nias rau lub hauv siab kom tsis txhob tsoo lub nraub qaum ntawm lub taub hau ntawm asphalt. Ob txhais caj npab yog folded nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntsej muag, lub hauv caug yog rub mus rau lub luj tshib, ob txhais ceg yog nruj nreem tuav kom npog lub puab tsaig. Koj yuav dag tsis tau ntev npaum li ntawd, koj yuav tsum sawv.

Txhawm rau kom sawv ntsug hauv ib pawg neeg coob coob, koj yuav tsum tuav ceg ze tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus neeg taug kev nrog koj los yog ib sab ntawm koj thiab pib nrawm heev thiab aggressively nce toj no ceg, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub sim co koj rov qab. Nce toj zoo li tus liab nce tsob ntoo. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias tus neeg no yuav poob rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Cia siab tias nws nyeem tsab xov xwm no thiab tuaj yeem sawv.

Ua luam dej nrog sharks

Yog tias koj paub tias koj tab tom yuav mus rau hauv cov neeg coob coob, thiab xav tias qhov no yuav tsis xaus zoo, npaj ua ntej. Qhia rau ib tug neeg paub tias koj yuav mus qhov twg thiab thaum twg koj npaj yuav rov qab los; qhia lub sijhawm tom qab uas koj yuav tsum pib saib. Nqa koj daim ntawv hla tebchaws lossis daim ntawv luam nrog koj. Nyob rau ntawm daim ntawv nyias nyias nyob rau hauv koj daim ntawv hla tebchaws, qhia cov xov tooj ntawm koj cov txheeb ze tom ntej, koj hom ntshav, thiab tag nrho cov tshuaj tsis haum tshuaj. Tom qab kev sib tsoo loj heev, cov tsev kho mob xwm txheej ceev yuav dhau mus, thiab koj yuav ua rau cov kws kho mob ua haujlwm yooj yim me ntsis. Ua ntej nkag mus rau cov neeg coob coob, kawm txog thaj tsam kom meej. sawv daws yuav khiav mus qhov twg? Qhov phom sij tuaj qhov twg? Koj tuaj yeem nkaum thiab zaum qhov twg? Koj yuav tsum mus qhov twg?

Thiab - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj - thaum koj nyob hauv ib pawg neeg, tsis txhob ua ib feem ntawm nws. Tsis txhob poob rau lub siab xav. Zam kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib kis. Tsis txhob hu nkauj lossis hu nkauj. Saib xyuas kev nyiam huv ntawm lub siab. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus khaws hysteria loj li ib zaj nkauj obsessive. Cia li rov hais dua rau koj tus kheej - koj yuav tsum tawm ntawm no, nws txaus ntshai dhau ntawm no!

Nco ntsoov: cov neeg coob coob yog qhov chaw muaj kev phom sij ntxiv. Tus ninja tiag tiag ua li cas thaum nws hnov qhov txaus ntshai? Ninja tiag tiag tsis tawm hauv tsev. Saib xyuas koj tus kheej!