Tsawg vodka txhais tau tias tsawg dua kev tua neeg, tub sab thiab rape

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cawv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau 86% ntawm kev tua neeg, 72% ntawm kev ua tub sab, 64% ntawm kev ua txhaum kev sib deev, 57% ntawm kev tsim txom hauv tsev thiab 54% ntawm kev tsim txom menyuam yaus. Nrog kev nce hauv kev muag khoom ntawm vodka los ntawm 1%, qhov nce hauv kev tua neeg ntawm cov txiv neej nce los ntawm 1.1%. Nyob rau hauv Russia / USSR, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tua neeg tus nqi tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ncov ntawm Gorbachev lub anti-alcohol phiaj los nqis tes, nyob rau hauv 1986.

Yuri Razvodovsky, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Biomedical Cov Teeb Meem ntawm Kev Kho Mob Ntshav Qab Zib ntawm Grodno State Medical University, qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qib ntawm kev noj vodka thiab tua neeg los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm Belarus (Social and Clinical Psychiatry, No. 1, 2006). Nws tuaj yeem xav tias muaj kev ntseeg siab tias qhov kev vam khom yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv Russia ib yam nkaus - nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws uas muaj kwv yees li tib theem ntawm kev qaug cawv ib yam li hauv Belarus, thiab nrog cov duab zoo sib xws ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib neeg.

Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev haus cawv thiab kev ua phem ntawm kev hais lus, kev xav nruj, kev tsim txom hauv tsev, kev raug mob hnyav, kev ua phem rau kev sib deev, kev tua neeg thiab tua tus kheej. Muaj pov thawj (Pernanen K. Alcohol in Human Violence. - New York: Guilford Press, 1991), raws li kev haus cawv muaj feem xyuam nrog 86% ntawm kev tua neeg, 72% ntawm kev nyiag, 64% ntawm kev ua phem txhaum cai, 57% ntawm kev ua phem hauv tsev. thiab 54% ntawm kev ua phem rau menyuam yaus. Hauv tebchaws Russia, kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov neeg tua neeg thiab 60% ntawm lawv cov neeg raug tsim txom tau haus cawv tam sim ua ntej kev ua txhaum cai. Hauv New York State, 50% ntawm kev tua neeg raug mob thaum qaug cawv.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov cawv hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg ua txhaum cai thaum lub sijhawm ua txhaum cai yog 0.28%, uas sib haum rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev haus cawv. Qhov kev ua txhaum loj dua, qhov ntau dua nws tau ua raws li kev haus cawv. Hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm raug mob, cov neeg mob uas raug mob hnyav tau pom tias muaj ntshav cawv 2-5 zaug ntau dua li cov neeg mob uas raug mob ntawm qhov tsis sib haum xeeb etiology.

Kev sib raug zoo zoo tau pom ntawm kev haus cawv thiab kev ua phem rau kev sib deev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua txhaum loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cawv yog ua los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog yav dhau los. Ib nrab ntawm cov txiv neej raug kev quav dej caw tau tsim txom lawv cov neeg koom nrog hauv lub xyoo ua ntej mus pw hauv tsev kho mob.

Lub sij hawm series tsom xam raws li cov neeg tua neeg tus nqi thiab noj tus nqi rau ntau yam dej cawv nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States los ntawm 1934 txog 1994 tau qhia ib tug zoo kev sib raug zoo ntawm tag nrho cov cawv haus thiab tua neeg tus nqi. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no tau tshaj tawm rau cov neeg dawb dua li cov xim. Txoj kev tshawb no tseem pom tau tias kev tua neeg ntawm cov neeg dawb tau nce nrog kev haus cawv ntau ntxiv.

Lub sij hawm series tsom xam raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm ntau hom dej cawv thiab kev tua neeg tus nqi nyob rau hauv Belarus rau lub sij hawm los ntawm 1970 mus rau 1999 qhia tau hais tias tus neeg tua neeg tus nqi cuam tshuam nrog ib tug high degree ntawm qhov tseeb nrog rau theem ntawm vodka muag rau ib tug neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev nce qib ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm vodka los ntawm 1% yog nrog los ntawm kev nce hauv kev tua neeg los ntawm 1.14%.

Ib tug raug tua nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm intoxication yog kev tua neeg nyob rau hauv lub domestic raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cav ntawm cov phooj ywg haus. Qhov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws yog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev muaj zog hauv thaj chaw sib txawv, uas yog, kev txheeb xyuas ntu ntu ntawm lub sijhawm. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no, ua rau 48 lub xeev Asmeskas, tau qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qib ntawm kev muag cawv thiab tus nqi ntawm kev rape, kev tsim txom thiab tub sab. Kev tshuaj xyuas lub sij hawm los ntawm 1950 txog 1995, raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm 14 European lub teb chaws, tau pom tias tag nrho cov cawv haus cawv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg tua neeg hauv 5 lub teb chaws. Qib ntawm kev noj npias yog qhov zoo sib xws nrog kev tua neeg hauv 4 lub teb chaws, qib ntawm kev haus cawv hauv 2 lub teb chaws, qib kev haus cawv kuj nyob hauv 2 lub teb chaws. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev haus cawv tag nrho thiab kev tua neeg raug pom nyob hauv Nordic lub teb chaws, thiab tsis muaj zog nyob rau yav qab teb Europe.

Cov ntaub ntawv no txhawb nqa qhov kev xav tias tus neeg tua neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog rau qib ntawm kev haus cawv hauv cov tebchaws uas muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj-taw qhia txog kev haus cawv.

Tam sim no cia saib yuav ua li cas cov phenomena txuas nrog - lub zog ntawm kev sib deev thiab kev tuag ntawm lub hnub nyoog raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm homicides thiab lub zog ntawm cov theem ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm ntau hom cawv ib capita - nyob rau hauv Belarus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1981 txog 2001.

Nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 1981 thiab 2001, theem ntawm kev muag cawv rau ib tus neeg poob qis los ntawm 13% (los ntawm 10, 2 txog 8, 8 liters). Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm xyoo 1985-1988 kev tawm tsam dej cawv, tag nrho theem ntawm kev muag cawv tau txo los ntawm 9.8 litres hauv xyoo 1984 txog 8.28 litres hauv xyoo 1985 (-11%), mus rau 5.8 litres hauv xyoo 1986 (-41%) thiab nce mus txog 4.4. litres xyoo 1987 (-55%). Qib ntawm vodka muag rau lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas tau nce 37% (los ntawm 3.0 txog 4.1 litres). Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1984 thiab 1987, daim duab no poob los ntawm 34%. Qib ntawm kev muag cawv nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1981 txog 2001 tau txo los ntawm 36% (los ntawm 5.9 mus rau 3.8 liters. Cov theem ntawm kev muag npias nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1981 txog 2001 poob los ntawm 31% (los ntawm 1.3 mus rau 0.9 litres) Kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm vodka tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev poob qis hauv qib ntawm kev muag cawv, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 80s thiab thawj ib nrab ntawm lub 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, coj mus rau ib tug predominance ntawm muaj zog cawv haus. nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev muag khoom, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv theem ntawm kev tsausmuag kev tuag.

Tus neeg tua neeg nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1981 txog 2001 ntawm cov txiv neej tau nce 2, 4 npaug (los ntawm 6, 6 txog 15, 7 rau 100 txhiab tus pej xeem), thiab ntawm cov poj niam - los ntawm 2, 2 zaug (los ntawm 3, 4 mus rau 7, 3 rau 100 txhiab tus pej xeem). Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1981 thiab 1986, daim duab no poob los ntawm 12% ntawm cov txiv neej thiab 24% ntawm cov poj niam.

Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tua neeg ntawm cov txiv neej nyob rau lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas: qhov poob qis hauv qhov ntsuas no thaum xyoo 1985-1988 kev tawm tsam dej cawv, kev nce siab hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm 90s, ua raws li kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Tus txiv neej tua neeg qis tshaj plaws tau sau tseg hauv xyoo 1986. Qhov ntsuas no tau mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 1998 thiab tshaj li ntawm 1986 los ntawm 3, 1 zaug. Lub zog ntawm kev tua neeg ntawm cov poj niam feem ntau sib raug rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntsuas no ntawm cov txiv neej: kev poob qis thaum lub sijhawm tiv thaiv dej cawv, kev nce ntxiv hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Tus poj niam tua neeg qis tshaj plaws tau sau tseg hauv xyoo 1986, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tau sau tseg hauv xyoo 1995. Piv rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, qhov ntsuas no tau nce 2.9 npaug.

Los ntawm qhov sib npaug peb tau muab los, nws ua raws li qhov kev nce qib ntawm vodka muag los ntawm ib liter yog nrog los ntawm kev nce hauv kev tua neeg ntawm cov txiv neej los ntawm 3, 3 kis ntawm 100 txhiab tus pej xeem. Nrog rau kev nce hauv vodka muag los ntawm 1%, qhov kev tua neeg ntawm cov txiv neej yog kwv yees nce los ntawm 1.1%.

Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tawm tsam "tsis yog kev ua txhaum cai" yog kom txo qis kev noj vodka. Nrog rau qhov txo qis hauv qhov ntsuas no los ntawm 2, 2, 2 zaug, theem ntawm kev tua neeg thiab lwm yam kev ua phem txhaum cai yuav poob - zoo li cov xwm txheej hauv kev tawm tsam cawv hauv Gorbachev.