Kev khiav tawm ntawm 500 tus neeg raug kaw hauv tebchaws Russia los ntawm lub chaw pw hav zoov

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 2 txog 3, 1945, cov neeg raug kaw ntawm Mauthausen concentration camp raug tsa los ntawm cov bunks los ntawm lub tshuab phom tua hluav taws. Suab nrov "Hurray!" tshuav tsis muaj kev poob siab: kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag yuav tshwm sim hauv lub yeej. Cov no yog 500 tus neeg raug kaw ntawm qhov thaiv 20 (kev tuag thaiv) tua cov phom tua phom.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, Chav 20 tau tshwm sim hauv Mauthausen, rau cov neeg Lavxias. Nws yog ib qho chaw pw hav zoov nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw pw hav zoov, sib cais los ntawm thaj chaw dav dav los ntawm lub laj kab siab 2.5 meters, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm uas muaj cov xaim hauv qab tam sim no. Peb lub tsev nrog rab phom tshuab tau sawv raws ib puag ncig. Cov neeg raug kaw ntawm 20th block tau txais ¼ ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus dav dav. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj diav los yog phaj. Chav tsev yeej tsis tau cua sov. Tsis muaj thav duab lossis iav hauv qhov rais qhib. Tsis muaj bunks nyob rau hauv lub block. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, ua ntej tsav cov neeg raug kaw hauv qhov thaiv, SS cov txiv neej tau ntim hauv pem teb ntawm lub thaiv nrog dej los ntawm lub hose. Cov neeg pw hauv dej tsuas yog tsis sawv.

Cov "neeg tua neeg tua neeg" muaj "tsim nyog" - lawv tsis ua haujlwm zoo li lwm tus neeg raug kaw. Hloov chaw, lawv tau ua "kev tawm dag zog lub cev" txhua hnub - khiav tsis nres ntawm qhov thaiv lossis nkag mus. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj qhov thaiv, kwv yees li 6 txhiab tus neeg raug rhuav tshem hauv nws. Txog thaum kawg ntawm Lub Ib Hlis, kwv yees li 570 tus neeg tseem muaj sia nyob hauv Chav 20.

Tsuas yog 5-6 Yugoslavs thiab ob peb tug Poles (cov koom nrog hauv Warsaw uprising), tag nrho cov neeg raug kaw ntawm "tuag thaiv" yog Soviet neeg raug kaw ntawm tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm xa tuaj ntawm no los ntawm lwm lub chaw pw. Cov neeg raug kaw raug xa mus rau 20th block ntawm Mauthausen, uas txawm tias nyob hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov tau ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau Thib Peb Reich vim lawv txoj kev kawm tub rog, kev xav tau zoo thiab lub peev xwm ntawm lub koom haum.

Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau raug kaw raug mob los yog tsis nco qab, thiab thaum lub sij hawm lawv nyob rau hauv captivity lawv tau tshaj tawm tias "incorrigible." Hauv cov ntaub ntawv txuas nrog lawv txhua tus muaj tsab ntawv "K", uas txhais tau hais tias tus neeg raug kaw yuav raug tshem tawm sai li sai tau. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg uas tuaj txog hauv 20th block tsis tau txawm tias muaj npe, txij li lub neej ntawm cov neeg raug kaw hauv 20th block tsis pub dhau ob peb lub lis piam.

Nyob rau hmo ntuj, txog ib tag hmo, cov "neeg tua neeg tua neeg" pib tau lawv "pob phom" los ntawm lawv qhov chaw nkaum - pob zeb, cov pob zeb thiab cov khoom tawg ntawm lub qhov rooj ntxhua khaub ncaws. Lub ntsiab "riam phom" yog ob lub tua hluav taws. 4 pawg neeg ua phem tau tsim: peb yuav tsum tua cov phom phom tua, ib qho, yog tias tsim nyog, txhawm rau tawm tsam sab nraud los ntawm lub yeej.

Ib ncig ntawm ib tag kis sawv ntxov, qw "Hurray!" cov neeg tua neeg tua neeg ntawm 20th block pib dhia los ntawm lub qhov rais qhib thiab maj nrawm mus rau cov yees. Cov phom tshuab tau qhib tua.

Lub dav hlau ua npuas dej ntawm cov hluav taws tua hluav taws tsoo lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws, lub lawg ntawm pob zeb ya mus. Txawm tias tej daim ntawm ersatz xab npum thiab ntoo blocks ya los ntawm lawv txhais taw. Ib rab phom tshuab choked, thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg neeg tua neeg tam sim ntawd pib nce lub pej thuam. Kev tuav rab phom tshuab, lawv tau qhib hluav taws rau cov neeg nyob sib ze. Cov neeg raug kaw, siv cov ntoo ntoo, luv luv-circuited cov hlau, pov daim pam rau ntawm nws thiab pib nce saum phab ntsa.

Ntawm ze li ntawm 500 tus neeg, ntau tshaj 400 tau tswj kom tawg los ntawm lub laj kab sab nrauv thiab xaus rau sab nraum lub chaw pw hav zoov. Raws li kev pom zoo, cov neeg khiav tawm tau faib ua ob peb pawg thiab maj nrawm mus rau ntau qhov kev taw qhia kom nws nyuaj rau kev ntes. Cov pab pawg coob tshaj plaws tau khiav mus rau tom hav zoov. Thaum SS pib hla nws, ntau kaum tus neeg sib cais thiab maj nrawm mus ntsib lawv cov neeg nrhiav kom coj lawv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg thiab ncua cov yeeb ncuab tsawg kawg yog ob peb feeb.

Ib tug ntawm cov pab pawg neeg stumbled raws li ib tug German anti-aircraft roj teeb. Tom qab tshem cov tub txib thiab tawg mus rau hauv lub dugouts, cov neeg khiav tawm tau strangled tus tub qhe rab phom nrog lawv txhais tes liab qab, txeeb riam phom thiab tsheb thauj khoom. Cov pab pawg tau dhau los thiab lees txais lawv qhov kev sib ntaus kawg.

Kwv yees li ib puas ntawm cov neeg raug kaw uas tau khiav mus rau txoj kev ywj pheej tau tuag hauv thawj teev. Nyob rau hauv qhov sib sib zog nqus daus, nyob rau hauv txias (tus pas ntsuas kub pom tau hais tias minus 8 degrees nyob rau hmo ntawd), qaug zog, ntau yam yooj yim lub cev tsis tuaj yeem taug kev ntau tshaj 10-15 km.

Tab sis ntau dua 300 tau tswj kom khiav tawm ntawm kev nrhiav thiab nkaum hauv ib puag ncig.

Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov neeg khiav tawm, ntxiv rau kev saib xyuas lub chaw pw hav zoov, cov chaw ntawm Wehrmacht, SS units thiab cov tub rog hauv cheeb tsam uas nyob hauv ib puag ncig tau koom nrog. Cov neeg raug ntes tau raug coj mus rau Mauthausen thiab tua ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov ntxa, qhov chaw uas lub cev raug hlawv tam sim ntawd. Tab sis feem ntau lawv raug tua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev ntes, thiab twb raug coj mus rau lub yeej rog.

Hauv German cov ntaub ntawv, kev ntsuas los tshawb nrhiav cov neeg khiav tawm raug hu ua "Mühlfiertel's Hunt for Hares." Cov pej xeem hauv zos tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb nrhiav.

Cov neeg tua hluav taws Volkssturm, cov tswv cuab ntawm Hitler Cov Hluas, cov tswv cuab ntawm NSDAP lub xov tooj hauv zos thiab cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb tau mob siab rau tshawb nrhiav "cov luav" nyob ib puag ncig thiab tua lawv ntawm qhov chaw. Lawv tua nrog improvised txhais tau tias - axes, pitchforks, txij li thaum lawv tau txuag cartridges. Cov neeg tuag tau raug coj mus rau lub zos Ried hauv der Riedmarkt, thiab muab pov rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos.

Ntawm no, cov txiv neej SS tau suav, hla tawm cov sticks pleev xim rau ntawm phab ntsa. Ob peb hnub tom qab ntawd, cov txiv neej SS tshaj tawm tias "cov qhab nia tau txiav txim siab."

Ib tug neeg los ntawm cov pab pawg uas rhuav tshem German tiv thaiv lub dav hlau roj teeb muaj sia nyob. Rau cuaj caum-ob hnub, kev pheej hmoo rau nws txoj sia, tus poj niam Austrian cov neeg ua liaj ua teb Langthaler tau nkaum ob tus neeg khiav tawm hauv nws lub teb, uas nws cov tub nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau tawm tsam ua ib feem ntawm Wehrmacht. Kaum cuaj ntawm cov neeg khiav tawm tsis tau raug ntes. Cov npe ntawm 11 ntawm lawv tau paub. 8 ntawm lawv dim thiab rov qab mus rau lub tebchaws Soviet.

Xyoo 1994, Austrian tus thawj coj thiab tsim tawm Andreas Gruber tau ua yeeb yaj kiab txog cov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam Mühlviertel ("Hasenjagd: Vor lauter Feigheit gibt es kein Erbarmen").

Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau dhau los ua cov yeeb yaj kiab tau nyiaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv Austria xyoo 1994-1995. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau txais ntau yam khoom plig:

• Tshwj xeeb Jury Prize ntawm San Sebastian Film Festival, 1994
• Audience Award, 1994
• Upper Austrian Culture nqi zog
• Austrian Film Award, 1995

Zoo siab tias zaj movie no tsis tau pom dua no. Tsawg tus neeg tau hnov txog zaj duab xis no txhua. Tsuas yog cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab xwb. Tiamsis lawv tsis nyiam tej dab neeg li no. "Rau qee qhov laj thawj."

Thiab "peb" tshaj tawm tsis lees paub lub 70th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm hnub no, tsis hais ib lo lus txog nws.

- "Rau qee qhov laj thawj".