Cov khoom ua si dab tsi ua rau cov me nyuam ntawm Lavxias teb sab peasants ua si

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

"Rolling head over heels" yog ib qho kev qhia paub, tab sis dab tsi yog lub taub hau hla heels? Tab sis cov menyuam yaus Lavxias tau nyiam cov khoom ua si no rau ntau pua xyoo. Tseem muaj lwm tus uas tsim nyog nco ntsoov.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas sib sau ua ke tag nrho cov khoom ua si pej xeem Lavxias teb sab rau cov menyuam yaus yog qhov yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov khoom ua si no tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv khib nyiab thiab lawv lub sijhawm dawb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav. Thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tau dhau los ntawm cov niam txiv mus rau cov menyuam yaus thiab tau ua tiav ntau pua xyoo. Yuav luag txhua leej txiv tuaj yeem kos ib tus nees rau nws tus tub, thiab tus menyuam roj hmab rau nws tus ntxhais, uas nws tau hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov ntaub.

Muaj ob peb yam khoom ua si nyob rau hauv lub tsev peasant, yog li ntawd lawv tau saib xyuas. Thiab lub sijhawm rau kev ua si nrog cov menyuam yaus yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj - tom qab tag nrho, txij li hnub nyoog 5-6 xyoo lawv pib nyiam los pab hauv tsev, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, saib xyuas cov kwv tij thiab cov muam. Thaum txog tsib xyoos, cov menyuam yaus lawv tus kheej twb tau kawm ua cov khoom ua si yooj yim tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam yaus.

Dolls: twists, haircuts, nyazhashki

Lavxias teb sab menyuam roj hmab yeej tsis tau pleev xim rau lub ntsej muag thiab ob lub qhov muag. Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus nug Galina Dain sau, "qhov tsis muaj ntsej muag ntawm pej xeem cov menyuam roj hmab yog qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm Slavs. Ib tug menyuam roj hmab uas tsis muaj lub ntsej muag tau suav hais tias yog ib qho khoom siv tsis muaj sia, tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau kev siv dag zog yuam kev rau hauv nws. " Cov menyuam roj hmab lub ntsej muag tsuas yog tshwm sim rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Western nroog cov khoom ua si. Tab sis cov Russians tsis muaj kev txawj ntse hauv kev tsim ntau hom menyuam roj hmab.

Raws li kev lis kev cai thaum ub, thaum ib tug poj niam pom tau hais tias nws yuav muaj menyuam, nws pib ua tus menyuam roj hmab twisting rag. Qhov no tau ua tiav yam tsis muaj rab koob, tsuas yog los ntawm tes, txij li cov hlau tau suav tias yog "kev phom sij". Nws tuaj yeem yog cov ntaub npuag puv nkaus, lossis ntim nrog cereals, quav nyab lossis ntaub plaub. Txawm tias ua ntej yug me nyuam, qhov twist tau muab tso rau hauv lub txaj npaj, thiab thaum tus menyuam yug los, nws tau los ua nws thawj amulet khoom ua si.

Xws li ib tug menyuam roj hmab yuav swaddled, hnav ris tsho, craddled. Tau kawg, thaum lub sij hawm, tus menyuam roj hmab frayed thiab tau qias neeg - nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau untie nws, ntxuav nws thiab muab nws rov qab ua ke, uas cov me nyuam maj mam kawm lawv tus kheej. Ib hom twist menyuam roj hmab yog nyazhaka menyuam roj hmab (los ntawm lo lus undead), sib sau los ntawm cov ntaub huv huv kom tus menyuam yaus tuaj yeem hnia nws yam tsis muaj mob.

Shearing menyuam roj hmab tau ua los ntawm cov quav cab, feem ntau hais nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob, kom ua siab ntev thiab lom zem rau tus menyuam. Tom qab tag nrho, cov me nyuam me, uas tsis muaj leej twg saib xyuas, thaum tag nrho tsev neeg nyob hauv teb, yuav tsum nqa nrog lawv. Nyob hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem ua si nrog nws lom zem dua - hnav khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws thiab txiav tawm hauv qab, cov pob tawb no tuaj yeem sawv ntsug ntawm lub rooj lossis hauv pem teb, thiab los ntawm kev vibration - stamping lossis khob - lub cutter shearing " seev cev".

Kev txiav straw kom raug txiav los ntawm hauv qab - ib lub voj voog ib puag ncig - tso cai rau tus menyuam roj hmab, tsis poob, txav mus rau hauv me me "cov kauj ruam" ntawm lub rooj, thiab kev seev cev yeej tsis rov qab! Thiab tau coj los ua ke ob peb nws-haircuts, nws muaj peev xwm npaj ib tug tag nrho Lavxias teb sab seev cev.

Cov txiav plaub hau loj dua tau muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov rais thav duab rau lub caij ntuj no - cov quav cab absorbed noo noo zoo, thiab cov thav duab tsis o thaum lub sij hawm thaw thaum Frost los ntawm iav thawed. Xws li cov plaub hau loj tau muab rau cov menyuam yaus tsuas yog tom qab lub caij "kev pabcuam" ntawm cov thav ntawv.

Kubar

Qhov zoo tib yam sab saum toj yog, qhov tseeb, ib qho yooj yim sab saum toj, tab sis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai ib tug tawv nplawm tau txuas rau nws, uas ua rau lub taub hau ntawm lub luj tshib ntau exciting. Kubar tau nyem tawm ntawm lub tog raj kheej nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4 mus rau 8 centimeters thiab qhov siab ntawm 5 mus rau 11 centimeters. Cov khoom ua si nrov heev nyob rau hauv Russia tias nws tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam archaeological txheej txij li thaum xyoo pua 10th. Oleg tus Yaj Saub, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Igor, thiab Vladimir Krasno Solnyshko kuj ua si taub hau. Peb tuaj yeem ntseeg tau hais tias kev ua si nrog lub taub hau hla heels ntawm cov neeg Russians thaum ub yog ib qho ntawm ntau tshaj plaws.

Kubar yog unrolled nrog nws ob txhais tes, thiab ces yog urged los ntawm nplawm lub tom tshuab - los ntawm lawv lub kubar jumps thiab tig ntau zog. Ua si nrog lub taub hau hla heels ntau heev. Qhov kev lom zem tshaj plaws yog kev ua si thaum lub caij ntuj no - qhov chaw ua si yog cim rau ntawm cov dej khov ntawm tus dej, thiab ob tug neeg ua si, sib tw nplawm lub taub hau, sim tsav nws ntawm lub teb mus rau tus nrog sib tw sab. Masters ntawm kev ua si ntawm lub taub hau-rau-lub taub hau tuaj yeem coj nws mus rau "txoj kev" nrog kev cuam tshuam los yog yuam nws ua qee qhov saum huab cua. Thiab cov lus qhia "head over heels", tau kawg, los ntawm lub npe ntawm cov khoom ua si no.

Kubar yog, qhov tseeb, ib tug Lavxias teb sab version ntawm bilboke - ib qho khoom ua si kawm ntawv, kuj muaj ib tug stick, ib tug hlua thiab pob. Zoo li kendama (ib tug Japanese bilboke, ib qho khoom ua si uas tau nthuav tawm rau cov neeg Nyij Pooj me me los ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, cov tub rog yav tom ntej), lub taub hau tsim hauv Lavxias cov menyuam yaus muaj zog, txav mus los, tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab kev sib tw hauv pab pawg ua si.

Cov khoom ua si ua si

Lavxias teb sab kinetic cov khoom ua si, los yog cov khoom ua si "nrog txav", raws li lawv tau hais nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub, twb yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv woodcarving thiab siv proportions, thiab lawv tau ua los ntawm artels ntawm cov khoom ua si masters. Muaj ntau yam artels, txhua tus nrog nws tus kheej style thiab kev lig kev cai, tab sis undoubtedly lub nto moo tshaj plaws qhov chaw uas cov khoom ua si ntoo, nrog rau cov kinetic sawv daws yuav, tau ua hauj lwm, yog ib ncig ntawm Sergiev Posad. Cov khoom siv tes ua tau pib nthuav dav ntawm no txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tab sis tau muaj txij li lub sijhawm tsis nco txog. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, Saint Sergius ntawm Radonezh nws tus kheej nyiam ua cov khoom ua si ntoo thiab muab rau cov menyuam yaus.

Bogorodsk carvers tau txawj ntse heev uas lawv tuaj yeem ua raws li cov duab plooj (porcelain) hauv ntoo. Cov khoom ua si raug txiav los ntawm cov ntoo mos - linden thiab aspen, tib yam los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo rooj tog, iconostases thiab décor tau ua. Thiab nyob rau hauv no lub zos craftsmen muaj ib tug centuries-laus kev.

Qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim cov khoom ua si "nrog txav" yog lub zos ntawm Bogorodskoye, 30 kilometers ntawm Sergiev Posad, qhov twg ib qho khoom ua si raug txiav nyob rau hauv txhua lub tsev. Tsis zoo li cov khoom ua si ntawm lwm cov artels, Bogorodsk cov khoom ua si tseem tsis tau pleev xim rau - lawv lub ntsiab lus yog nyob rau hauv cov lus tsa suab. Cia peb saib cov npe nrov tshaj plaws "cov qauv". Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no yog "Tus txiv neej thiab Dais", tawm tsam lub anvil nyob rau hauv lem, yog hais tias koj tsiv mus rau lub rectangular sawv.

Thiab tseem muaj ntau yam khoom ua si nrog ib tug ntoo hnyav ncua los ntawm ib tug xov, rotating uas, koj muaj peev xwm ua rau cov noog sawv nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog peck nplej, mowers - mus mow nyom, thiab hais txog. Thiab cov khoom ua si uas yooj yim tshaj plaws nrog qhov hnyav yog hare (los yog tub rog) nrog lub nruas.

Cov khoom ua si nrog suab

Cov khoom ua si nrov tshaj plaws yog lub ntiaj teb nightingale, uas tau nchuav dej. Cov noog tau teem rau hauv txoj kev uas, tshuab ntawm nws tus Tsov tus tw, koj tuaj yeem hnov "nightingale" trills. Art critic Elena Kovycheva sau: "Lub xuav nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev, reminiscent ntawm noog, ntshai, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm peb pog koob yawg koob, phem rog." Nyob rau hauv lub xeev Vyatka, muaj txawm tias lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav caij nplooj ntoos hlav - Whistle, los yog Whistle, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov me nyuam sounded nyob rau hauv av nplaum nightingales rau ob peb hnub ua ke - hu rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab tsav cov dab. Tib txoj haujlwm tau ua los ntawm ntau yam ntawm rattles, noisemakers, sniffers thiab rattles.

Muaj, ntawm chav kawm, muaj ntau yam av nplaum xuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg, teem raws li txoj cai ocarina. Tseem muaj Dymkovo (Vyatka xeev), Khludnevskaya (Kaluga xeev), Abashevskaya (Penza xeev) kab lig kev cai ntawm cov khoom ua si av nplaum, thiab, piv txwv li, Abashevskaya cov khoom ua si tau hais meej txog lub centuries ancient dluab ntawm cov tsiaj zoo heev, reminiscent ntawm primitive kos duab.