Hluav taws-teeb rituals ntawm lub Slavs

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab foob pob hluav taws pib ntev ua ntej lub foob pob hluav taws lawv tus kheej tshwm. Hluav taws, puas tsis hloov tag nrho keeb kwm thiab tag nrho txoj kev ntawm noob neej? Hais kom hluav taws yog ntau tus vajtswv thiab tib neeg. Tab sis tib neeg tsuas yog ib feem ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, sai sai tig los ntawm nws cov tswv rau cov neeg raug tsim txom. Tias yog vim li cas lub hwj chim tshaj hluav taws rau tib neeg yog txuam nrog kev cuam tshuam thiab kev pab ntawm cov vajtswv. Hluav taws pe hawm Slavs muaj nws tus kheej, txawv ntawm lwm haiv neeg, rituals thiab dluab.

Rau tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau yav dhau los deb, qhov deification ntawm hluav taws thiab lub teeb, nrog rau lwm yam phenomena, yog ib tug feem ntau lees paub qhov tseeb. Ntawm cov Eastern Slavs, piv txwv li, ntau rituals tau mob siab rau Perun - tus vajtswv ntawm xob quaj thiab xob laim lossis hluav taws saum ntuj ceeb tsheej. Lub hnub yug ntawm Perun tau cim los ntawm av qeeg muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov rituals, cov Slavs kuj qhuas lub hnub - Vajtswv Yarilo, uas kuj yog ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no los ntawm hluav taws.

Lub forerunners ntawm foob pob hluav taws yog fiery thiab teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab ntxov tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm yog lub teeb ci ntsa iab, ci los ntawm cov neeg ntawm cov chaw ua koob tsheej ntawm Christmastide, Xyoo Tshiab, Shrovetide thiab lwm hnub so. Cov festive bonfires, nyob rau hauv lem, khaws cia lub cim xeeb ntawm feem ntau ancient rituals ntawm pej xeem pe hawm.

Kev ua koob tsheej los ntawm Slavs ntawm lawv cov vajtswv uas hwm tshaj plaws tau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caij nyoog, kev soj ntsuam kev hloov pauv hauv qhov xwm txheej. Cov kev cai qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb cuam tshuam nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub hnub coincided nrog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm - kev npaj rau kev ua liaj ua teb, caij nplooj ntoos hlav sowing, ripening thiab sau; lawv xav txog nyob rau hauv ib tug piv txwv poetic daim ntawv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub tswv yim ua hauj lwm ntawm tus txiv neej thiab lub zog muaj tswv yim ntawm xwm.

Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub Koom Txoos Christian, lawv tau hloov pauv loj lossis ploj tag nrho lawv tus cwj pwm qub. Festive bonfires tau hais ua ntej ua tim khawv rau cov seem thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pej xeem feem ntau rituals nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab centralized lub xeev, ntau hnub caiv, nrog rau cov tsim los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, tseem loj tuav lub ritualism ntawm pre-Christian pej xeem cult.

Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lub feem ntau qhia yog hnub caiv ntawm lub Nativity ntawm John lub Baptist, nrog rau qhov pib ntawm uas cov neeg ua kev zoo siab rau lawv cov tsoos rituals (kev ua si) mob siab rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Ivan Kupala - "vajtswv ntawm abundance", uas nws lub npe. cov neeg ua liaj ua teb pinned lawv txoj kev cia siab rau kev sau qoob loo zoo. Cov neeg koom nrog "merrymaking", dai kom zoo nkauj nrog wreaths thiab ntsuab ceg, seev cev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teeb bonfires.

Maj mam poob lawv qhov tseem ceeb cult, festive bonfires tau nkag mus rau hauv pej xeem lub neej rau lub sij hawm ntev thiab dhau sij hawm lawv pib ua hauj lwm tsuas yog li ib txwm fiery-light, zoo nkauj tsim ntawm pej xeem festivals. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, lawv tseem muaj nyob hauv qee thaj tsam ntawm peb lub tebchaws.

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej kuj muaj "kev lom zem", uas tau teem caij nrog kev siv lub plav. Ploughn, los yog lycopodium, yog ib tsob nroj ntsuab ntsuab uas zoo li moss, nkag mus rau hauv av. Cov nroj tsuag no nyob rau ntau thaj tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws muaj cov npe: plua plav, plua plav, sackcloth, mistletoe, puff, flock. Cov paub tab, qhuav spores ntawm cov nroj tsuag no muab ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim ntawd tsis muaj pa taws thaum ignited. Vim nws qhov zoo, lub plunder tsis tau ntev dhau los siv hauv qee qhov kev lag luam, suav nrog pyrotechnics. Nyob rau yav dhau los, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim thiab pheej yig rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm cov neeg.

Ntawm chav kawm, pej xeem festive "bacchanalia" tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub ntawm lwm haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, nws xav paub tias cov neeg txawv teb chaws uas tau saib "kev lom zem heev" tau teem caij rau Christmas, roj thiab lwm cov hnub so nrog cov kav dej tau hais los saum toj no thiab lub lauren, hu ua "cov foob pob hluav taws tshwj xeeb".

Nyob rau hauv lub 16th-17th centuries, ntau spectacular hluav taws thiab teeb pom kev zoo tau staged los ntawm Lavxias teb sab txiv plig nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog theatrical rites ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj pe hawm. Lawv yuav tsum tau piav qhia meej rau cov tib neeg cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj dogmas, pab kom ploj ntawm cov seem ntawm cov pej xeem cult hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub. Hauv qee lub tsev teev ntuj ua yeeb yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv "kev ua", qhov tseem ceeb ntawm hluav taws thiab teeb pom kev zoo tau npaj.

Lub Koom Txoos yeej ib txwm muab hluav taws thiab teeb ib lub cim lossis txhais lus piv txwv. Txawm tias cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Christian niaj hnub hu ua Vajtswv thiab Tswv Yexus hauv lawv cov ntawv sau nrog cov lus: ignis (hluav taws), lutep (lub teeb), thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv particular, lub Koom Txoos Lavxias teb sab tau khaws cia rau ob peb centuries tias sab nraud qhia ntawm "divine poly" yog "dawb huv hluav taws", i.e. ib daim duab uas tau nyob ze rau cov neeg los ntawm cov ciaj sia taus ntawm cov pej xeem cult khaws cia nyob rau hauv lawv lub siab thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Lub ntsiab lus theological thiab mystical ntawm "dawb huv hluav taws" yog hais txog txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th.

Hauv Slavic mythology, nrog kev nkag siab yooj yim txhua hnub ntawm lub cim lub ntsiab lus ntawm hluav taws, muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus uas cuam tshuam nrog qhov tseeb. Ib zaj dab neeg uas paub zoo txog yuav ua li cas tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb raug sim nrog dej npau npau (kev txhais lus hauv zaj dab neeg "Tus Me Humpbacked Nees"), uas sib txuas qhov xwm ntawm hluav taws thiab qhov xwm ntawm dej. Xws li cov dej rejuvenates ib tug tseeb, ncaj ncees, thiab kev phem tsuas yog boiled nyob rau hauv nws. Qhov tseeb yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm txoj sia thiab kev tuag. Yog li ntawd, hluav taws kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog qhov tseeb, uas, raws li nws tau, kov yeej qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm "ua" thiab "tsis yog."

Cov Slavs thaum ub ntseeg tias qhov laj thawj tsuas yog ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws. (Qhov no yog tej zaum qhov keeb kwm ntawm lo lus "lub siab dawb paug" yuav tsum yog.)

Cov neeg pe hawm hluav taws niaj hnub no coj peb los ntawm keeb kwm mus rau tam sim no. Txhua xyoo muaj ntau thiab ntau ntawm lawv. Lawv tsim fiery theaters, recreate ancient "ua" thiab ua si tshiab tsis meej pem nrog cov hluav taws nyob (nws yog cov niaj hnub reconstructions uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov duab saum toj no). Muaj qhov kev piav qhia tiag tiag rau qhov no, thiab nws nyob hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm Slavic paganism.

Qhov tsis paub ntawm hluav taws hauv kev ua koob tsheej loj yog kom haum txhua qhov piv txwv cuam tshuam nrog nws mus rau hauv kev nthuav qhia ncaj qha ntawm hluav taws nws tus kheej. Ritual lossis theatrical ua yeeb yam nrog hluav taws yuav tsum ua rau lub neej tsis nco qab cov duab uas txhua tus tib neeg kab lis kev cai so.