Vim li cas Yauxej Dzhugashvili hu nws tus kheej Stalin

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Yauxej Dzhugashvili muaj ntau dua 30 lub npe. Vim li cas nws thiaj nres ntawm no?

Yauxej Dzhugashvili, ib tug tub hluas zoo tib yam los ntawm ib tsev neeg pluag Georgian, tau nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv theological hauv xyoo 1894 thiab yuav tsum tau los ua pov thawj. Tab sis thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos, nws tau paub txog Marxism, koom nrog cov kev hloov pauv hauv av thiab pib lub neej sib txawv kiag li. Txij thaum ntawd los, Dzhugashvili pib tsim "npe" rau nws tus kheej.

Ntau xyoo tom qab, qhov kev xaiv tau nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws - Stalin. Lub npe pseudonym no paub ntau dua li nws lub npe tiag; nyob rau hauv nws, nws sau nws tus kheej hauv keeb kwm. Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim uas Dzhugashvili los ua Stalin thiab dab tsi yog lub npe hu ua invented?

Kev lig kev cai

Pseudonyms nyob rau hauv Russia muaj ntau thiab dav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub intelligentsia thiab cov revolutionaries. Tag nrho cov tswv cuab thiab Marxists los ntawm hauv av muaj ob peb ntawm lawv, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau tub ceev xwm tsis meej pem hauv txhua txoj hauv kev (Lenin, piv txwv li, muaj ib thiab ib nrab pua). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov kev cai dav dav los tsim cov npe pseudonym los ntawm cov npe siv Lavxias tshaj plaws.

"Nws yog qhov yooj yim, tsis muaj kev txawj ntse, nkag siab rau ib tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, zoo li lub npe tiag tiag rau txhua tus," sau tseg tus kws sau keeb kwm William Pokhlebkin hauv nws phau ntawv "The Great Pseudonym". Piv txwv li, rau npe nyob rau hauv lub IV Congress ntawm lub tog, Dzhugashvili xaiv lub pseudonym Ivanovich (sawv cev ntawm Ivan).

Xws li ib tug derivative los ntawm lub npe yog lub pseudonym ntawm Vladimir Ulyanov - Lenin (sawv cev ntawm Lena). Thiab txawm tias cov neeg koom nrog uas nws lub npe tiag tiag tau muab los ntawm Lavxias lub npe kuj tau siv cov npe cuav - muab los ntawm lwm lub npe.

Stalin nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm revolutionaries nyob rau hauv 1915. - Cov duab Getty

Tej zaum qhov kev lig kev cai thib ob uas muaj zog tshaj plaws yog siv "zoological" pseudonym - los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, noog thiab ntses. Lawv tau raug xaiv los ntawm cov neeg uas xav kom muaj kev cuam tshuam txog lawv tus cwj pwm ci ntsa iab hauv lub npe cuav. Thiab, thaum kawg, cov neeg ntawm Caucasus - Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijani - sawv sib nrug.

Lawv tsis quav ntsej txog kev sib koom ua ke feem ntau, xaiv rau lawv tus kheej pseudonym nrog Caucasian "tinge". Koba - qhov no yog dab tsi Dzhugashvili feem ntau hu nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub tog kom txog rau thaum 1917. Qhov no yog nws lub npe nrov tshaj plaws tom qab Stalin.

Koob

Rau Georgia, lub npe Koba yog lub cim zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv cov qeb ntawm txawv teb chaws biographers ntawm Stalin, muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias nws qev nws los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus hero ntawm ib tug tshiab novels ntawm Georgian classic Alexander Kazbegi, "Lub Patricide." Nyob rau hauv nws, tus tsis ntshai Koba los ntawm lub roob peasants tawm tsam rau kev ywj pheej ntawm nws homeland. Cov duab no yog zaum ze rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Stalin, tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias Kazbegi nws tus kheej muaj lub npe Koba rau zaum ob.

Koba yog Georgian sib npaug ntawm lub npe ntawm Persian huab tais Kobades, uas tau kov yeej Eastern Georgia thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 5th thiab ua rau Tbilisi lub peev rau 1500 xyoo. Thiab nws yog tus qauv keeb kwm yav dhau los, raws li tus nom tswv thiab tus neeg sawv cev, uas tau qhuas Dzhugashvili ntau ntxiv. Txawm hais tias lawv cov ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los tau zoo sib xws.

Koba yog Georgian sib npaug ntawm lub npe ntawm Persian huab tais Kobades, uas tau kov yeej Eastern Georgia. - Cov duab Getty

Txawm li cas los xij, twb nyob rau xyoo 1911, nws tau los ua qhov tsim nyog los hloov lub npe pseudonym - qhov no tau thov los ntawm cov xwm txheej keeb kwm. Qhov tseeb yog tias Dzhugashvili cov dej num pib mus deb dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm Transcaucasian thaj av, nws ambitions, raws li zoo raws li kev sib raug zoo nrog Lavxias teb sab koom haum, loj hlob, thiab Koba, raws li ib tug pseudonym, yog yooj yim xwb nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus.

Ib puag ncig kev paub lus thiab kab lis kev cai sib txawv xav tau kev kho mob sib txawv. Thawj thawj zaug nws tau kos npe rau lub npe pseudonym Stalin thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1913 hauv kev ua haujlwm "Marxism thiab National Question".

Lub pseudonym Stalin tuaj qhov twg?

Tau ntev, cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no tsis paub meej. Thaum lub sij hawm Stalin lub neej, txhua yam hais txog nws biography yuav tsis yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham, kev tshawb fawb, los yog ib tug hypothesis ntawm ib feem ntawm ib tug historian.

Lub koom haum ntawm Marxism-Leninism, uas suav nrog cov nyiaj Joseph Stalin nrog tshwj xeeb kev khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv, tau koom nrog txhua yam uas cuam tshuam rau "tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg". Qhov tseeb, thaum Stalin tseem muaj sia nyob, tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv no. Thiab txawm tias tom qab nws tuag, ntev ntev, tsis muaj qhov no tau tshawb xyuas vim qhov kev rau txim ntawm tus cwj pwm kev ntseeg ntawm Stalin.

Txawm li cas los, tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1920s, nws twb dav ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub tog puag ncig uas "Stalin" tsuas yog ib tug txhais lus rau Lavxias teb sab ntawm lub Georgian lub hauv paus ntawm nws lub xeem "Dzhuga", uas supposedly kuj txhais tau tias "steel". Cov lus teb zoo li tsis tseem ceeb. Nws yog qhov no version uas tau rov hais dua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Stalin, thiab cov lus nug ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe hu ua "tshem tawm".

Stalin lub npe tiag tiag tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe pseudonym. - Cov duab Getty

Tab sis tag nrho cov no tau dhau los ua ib qho kev tsim tawm, los yog, tsuas yog ib qho kev xav (thiab yuam kev), suav nrog cov neeg Georgians. Xyoo 1990, Kita Buachidze, tus kws sau ntawv-playwright Georgian thiab yav dhau los tus neeg raug kaw ntawm Stalin's concentration camps, tau sau txog qhov no: "Juga tsis txhais hais tias "steel" kiag li.

"Jugha" yog ib lo lus qub qub ntawm Georgian nrog cov lus Persian, tej zaum yuav muaj thoob plaws lub sijhawm Iranian txoj cai hla Georgia, thiab nws tsuas txhais tau tias lub npe. Lub ntsiab lus, zoo li ntau lub npe, tsis txhais tau. Lub npe zoo li lub npe, zoo li Lavxias teb sab Ivan. Yog li ntawd, Dzhugashvili txhais tau hais tias tsuas yog "tus tub ntawm Dzhuga" thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv ".

Nws hloov tawm tias Stalin lub npe tiag tiag tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe pseudonym. Thaum qhov no tau tshwm sim, ntau yam versions pib tshwm sim. Ntawm lawv txawm yog zaj dab neeg uas Stalin coj lub npe pseudonym raws li lub npe ntawm nws cov phooj ywg koom nrog thiab poj niam Lyudmila Stal. Lwm version: Dzhugashvili tau xaiv rau nws tus kheej lub npe menyuam yaus uas yog tus neeg sab nrauv nrog lub npe pseudonym Lenin.

Tab sis qhov kev xav xav xav tshaj plaws tau muab tso rau los ntawm keeb kwm William Pokhlebkin, uas tau mob siab rau nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb rau qhov no. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub npe ntawm liberal neeg sau xov xwm Yevgeny Stefanovich Stalinsky, ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab publishers ntawm periodicals thiab ib tug neeg txhais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Rustaveli paj huam "Tus Knight nyob rau hauv lub Panther daim tawv nqaij", tau los ua tus qauv rau lub pseudonym.

Stalin nyiam cov paj huam no thiab qhuas txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Shota Rustaveli (nws 750th hnub tseem ceeb tau ua kev zoo siab rau ntawm qhov loj hauv xyoo 1937 ntawm Bolshoi Theatre). Tab sis rau qee yam, nws tau hais kom zais ib qho ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm zoo tshaj plaws. Cov ntawv sau ntau yam ntawm xyoo 1889 nrog Stalinsky cov lus txhais tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev nthuav qhia, phau ntawv piav qhia, thiab tsis tau hais hauv cov ntawv sau.

Tus historian xaus lus:

"Stalin, muab qhov kev txiav txim kom zais 1889 tsab, tau txhawj xeeb ua ntej ntawm txhua yam uas" zais cia" ntawm nws qhov kev xaiv ntawm nws lub npe cuav yuav tsis raug qhia tawm."

Yog li, txawm tias "Lavxias teb sab" pseudonym tau ua zoo sib xws nrog Georgia thiab nrog Dzhugashvili cov hluas nco.