Yuav ua li cas lub USSR yeej lub Lavxias teb sab Eugenic Society nyob rau hauv lub lig 1930s?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau xyoo 1920, lub zog tshuaj eugenic muaj zog tau tshwm sim hauv USSR. Piv txwv li, eugenicist Davidenkov tau hais tias "kom ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav ntawm cov pej xeem thiab txhawb cov pej xeem muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws los yug dua tshiab. Cov uas tau txais lub cim eugenic qis tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam.” Nyob rau hauv 1936, kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv eugenic nyob rau hauv lub USSR pib. Ib tug neeg raug tua, ib tug raug ncaws tawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, thiab ib tug neeg mus txawv tebchaws - raws li ib tug ntawm cov loj eugenics, kev kawm, tom qab - Nobel laureate Möller, uas tau hais tias "siv lub plasma ntawm Lenin thiab Darwin los tsa cov neeg tshiab Soviet." Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1940s, kev sib ntaus tawm tsam eugenics nyob rau hauv lub USSR escalated mus rau hauv lub yeej ntawm noob caj noob ces.

Tus neeg txhais lus blog twb tau luam tawm ntau cov lus ntawm eugenics hauv USSR hauv xyoo 1920 thiab 1930s.

Lub sij hawm no peb yuav muab piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv lub 1930s cov tub ceev xwm, thiab tam sim no - cov followers ntawm Stalinism, piav qhia lub laj thawj rau lub yeej ntawm eugenics, thiab dab tsi tshwm sim rau lawv cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Yuav pib nrog, cia peb luv luv nco qab txog dab tsi theories thiab kev coj ua ntawm tag nrho-Union nplai tau thov los ntawm Soviet eugenics hauv xyoo 1920.

- Lub taub hau ntawm Department of Genetics ntawm Moscow State University A. Serebrovsky nyob rau hauv 1929, nyob rau hauv nws tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv Phau ntawv Journal ntawm Kev Kho Mob Biology, npaj siab tsim ib tug dag phev bank nyob rau hauv lub USSR "los ntawm cov zoo tshaj plaws producers" thiab fertilizing Soviet cov poj niam tsuas yog los ntawm muaj..

- Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tus kws kho mob neuropathologist S. Davidenkov tau thov kom ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav ntawm cov pej xeem thiab txhawb cov pej xeem "qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm eugenics" kom rov tsim dua. Cov neeg uas tau txais qhov qis tshaj "eugenic rating" yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam los ntawm kev muab nyiaj tshwj xeeb raws li kev them nyiaj.

- Geneticist, American G. Moeller nyob rau hauv 1936, nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv mus rau Stalin, npaj ib tug txheej ntawm eugenic ntsuas, hu lawv "ib tug tshiab thiab siab dua ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees" thiab paub tseeb tias Soviet cov poj niam tsuas yog zoo siab rau "sib tov lawv cov ntshav nrog. plasma ntawm Lenin thiab Darwin, lossis nrog cov khoom siv caj ces los ntawm lwm qhov tshwj xeeb”.

Qhov kawg swb ntawm eugenics hauv USSR, pib los ntawm Stalin tus kheej, pib nrog Möller lub tswv yim. Ntxiv mus, cov kev tsim txom no tau coj mus rau cov noob caj noob ces hauv lub tebchaws, uas tau cuam tshuam nrog "cov lus qhia cuav ntawm Weismannists." Tom qab ntawd, Soviet geneticist thiab historian ntawm science Vasily Babkov nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Lub kaj ntug ntawm tib neeg Genetics" sau txog qhov rov:

Ib tug ntawm cov niaj hnub Stalinists thiab cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Soviet agronomist Trofim Lysenko, N. Ovchinnikov, sau txawm ntau yooj yim txog Stalin cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

American Hermann Möller yeej yog ib tug communist thiab rau lub sij hawm uas nws sympathized nrog Soviet Bolshevism.

Thawj thawj zaug, Möller tuaj ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Russia ua tus kws tshawb fawb ua tiav xyoo 1922 ntawm kev caw ntawm Nikolai Vavilov. Nws ntseeg tias USSR tab tom hloov mus rau ib lub zej zog tsis muaj kev kawm uas kev tshawb fawb caj ces thiab eugenic yuav ua tau nyob rau theem tshiab. Thaum kawg nws tau nyob hauv USSR xyoo 1933 nrog nws tus poj niam thiab tus tub, mus rau lub koom haum ntawm Genetics hauv Leningrad. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tau nqa nrog nws cov khoom siv German thiab Asmeskas muaj nqis txog 45 txhiab daus las (kwv yees li 1 lab nyiaj niaj hnub). Nws tau coj lub koom haum no mus txog rau xyoo 1936 (tsim mus txog rau xyoo 1938). Stalin cov lus teb tsis zoo rau nws tsab ntawv nrog eugenic views yuam Möller tawm hauv USSR xyoo 1936. Xyoo 1937, nws tau tawm tsam hauv Spain hauv cov koom pheej ywj pheej tawm tsam Franco, thiab xyoo 1940 nws tau tsiv mus rau Tebchaws Meskas.

Xyoo 1946, Möller tau txais Nobel nqi zog hauv Tshuaj rau nws txoj haujlwm, feem ntau nws tau ua hauv USSR. Txog xyoo 1948, Möller tseem yog tus tswv cuab ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 24, 1948, nws tau xa ib tsab ntawv mus rau USSR Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm nws lub npe hauv kev tawm tsam tawm tsam kev tsim txom ntawm noob caj noob ces hauv USSR, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1949 nws raug rho tawm ntawm nws lub npe.

(Los ntawm txoj kev, Hermann Möller yog tus txiv ntxawm ntawm tus naas ej American science ntawv tseeb kws sau ntawv Ursula Le Guin (Kroeber), thiab ntau ntawm nws lub ntiaj teb tsis tseeb tuaj rau nws thaum tham nrog nws txiv ntxawm. cov tswv yim sab laug heev.)

Ntawm Soviet geneticists, Möller txoj hmoo tau dhau los ua kev vam meej tshaj plaws.

Eugenics nyob rau hauv lub USSR tsis muaj hmoo nrog kev nce ntawm Nazi Party nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1930s, thiab ces nrog nws nce mus rau lub hwj chim. Nazism, qhov tseeb, tau nqus ntau qhov kev xav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab txoj hauv kev los "txhim kho" qhov siab tshaj plaws, Aryan "haiv neeg". Xyoo 1936 yog qhov hloov pauv rau eugenics hauv Soviet Union, txawm hais tias "Lavxias teb sab Eugenic Society" tau tso tseg rau xyoo 1930.

Txij thaum Lub Xya Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1936, ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm nrog kev thuam ntawm eugenics tau luam tawm hauv cov xov xwm hauv nruab nrab, uas yog qhov pib ntawm kev tawm tsam los tsim txom lawv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1936, cov ntawv xov xwm "Nyob rau hauv banner ntawm Marxism" tau tawm nrog ib tsab xov xwm nrog ib tug nkag siab lub npe "Black-100 Delirium ntawm Fascism thiab peb Biomedical Science." Thiab ib tsab xov xwm hauv Pravda ntawv xov xwm hnub tim 26 lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1936 hais tias:

"Cov Levis thiab lub koom haum coj los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev sau ntawv smuggle los ntawm lub fascist" scientific " tswvyim hais txog lub lom predetermination ntawm haiv neeg, hais txog lub omnipotent luag hauj lwm ntawm heredity, hais txog kev lom neeg mob ntawm criminality."

- Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1936, tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Kho Mob thiab Biological (MBI), tus kws tshaj lij eugenicist S. Levit raug ntiab tawm ntawm tog thiab tshem tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1938 nws raug kev tsim txom. MBI tau raug kaw hauv xyoo 1937. Ua ke nrog nws "rau eugenics" (los ntawm nws cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau muaj kev sib txuas nrog Trotskyism thiab fascism), txog kaum ob tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov ncauj lus no tau raug cem (piv txwv li, tus editor ntawm phau ntawv journal "Uspekhi sovremennogo biologii", Academician ntawm Academy. Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Ukrainian SSR N. Agol).

- Cov kws tshaj lij eugenicists A. Serebrovsky thiab N. Koltsov raug tshem tawm ntawm lawv cov haujlwm. Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1940, tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum ntawm kev sim biology, Koltsov, tuag ntawm lub plawv nres.

Lwm tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim ntawm agronomist Lysenko (uas tau koom nrog hauv kev swb ntawm eugenics), Stalinist P. Kononkov niaj hnub no qhia qhov tseeb (hauv kev sau cov ntawv "Trofim Lysenko - Soviet agronomist, biologist, breeder", publishing tsev "Samoobrazovanie", 2008) kev sib ntaus tawm tsam eugenics:

Kuv yuav ceeb toom rau koj tam sim ntawd tias tus sau tsis qhia feem ntau ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm eugenics. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias ntau cov haujlwm eugenic yog ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb caj ces, uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov kev taw qhia hauv biology. Nws yog rau cov kev tshawb fawb txog caj ces, tshwj xeeb, uas tus eugenicist Möller tau txais nws Nobel.

Ntxiv mus, kev sib ntaus tawm tsam eugenics tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig 1940s (thaum tsis muaj eugenics tshuav nyob rau hauv lub Soviet kev kawm ntiaj teb no) mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv noob caj noob ces nyob rau hauv lub USSR tag nrho. Lub degree ntawm obscurantism nyob rau hauv lub lig Stalinist Soviet Union tau loj hlob, thiab ntawm no yog ib feem ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm xib fwb, kws kho mob ntawm Biological Sciences A. Studitsky "Mukholyuby-misanthropists", 1949. Hauv nws, nws cuam tshuam tus choj ntawm eugenics feem ntau mus rau noob caj noob ces:

Zoo, thiab qhov kawg kov - dab tsi sib cav nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm swb ntawm noob caj noob ces nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub lig 1940s yog muab nyob rau hauv lub aforementioned sau ntawm "scientific articles" nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm agronomist Trofim Lysenko:

Qhov tseeb, lo lus no los ntawm ib tug niaj hnub Lysenkoist, ib tug fighter tawm tsam eugenics, yog eugenics, tsis txawm nyob rau hauv ib lub square, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib lub voos xwmfab, sau lub innate phem thiab misanthropic zoo ntawm tag nrho cov haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg Yudais.