Soviet virologists ntawm xyoo 1950 tau kwv yees lub tswv yim los tawm tsam tus kabmob coronavirus

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ib nkawm niam txiv ntawm Moscow virologists hauv xyoo 1950 tau sim ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lawv tus kheej cov menyuam. Cov kev mob tshwm sim uas lawv nrhiav pom muaj kev cia siab tshiab rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tus mob coronavirus.

Moscow - rau cov tub hluas, nws tsuas yog ib qho khoom qab zib. Tab sis rau lawv niam lawv txiv, cov kws kho mob tseem ceeb, dab tsi tshwm sim hnub ntawd xyoo 1959 hauv lawv lub tsev nyob hauv Moscow yog qhov kev sim tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem cawm neeg suav tsis txheeb. Thiab lawv tau ua lawv tus kheej cov menyuam yaus guinea npua.

Dr. Pyotr Chumakov, uas muaj xya xyoo thaum ntawd hais tias, "Peb tau nyob hauv ib kab. "Thiab peb txhua tus, peb niam peb txiv tau muab cov piam thaj nrog cov kab mob polio tsis muaj zog hauv peb lub qhov ncauj. Nws yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob phem no. Kuv noj los ntawm kuv niam txhais tes."

Niaj hnub no, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no rov qab nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov kwv tij no, uas tau los ua tus kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua riam phom tiv thaiv tus kabmob tshiab no, raws li muaj pov thawj, tshwj xeeb, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm lawv niam, Dr. Marina Voroshilova.

Dr. Voroshilova pom tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio nyob rau hauv muaj qhov txiaj ntsig zoo uas tsis tau xav txog, uas, raws li nws tau nthuav tawm, muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev sib kis tam sim no. Cov neeg uas tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no rau ib hlis lossis ntau dua tsis tau mob nrog lwm yam kab mob. Nws txiav txim siab muab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio rau nws cov tub txhua lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Tam sim no qee cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tau qhia txog kev txaus siab tiag tiag los siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Ib tug ntawm lawv - nrog poliovirus nyob, thiab thib ob - los ntawm tuberculosis. Lawv xav pom yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv tus kabmob coronavirus, tsawg kawg yog ib ntus. Ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb no tseem muaj cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias, siv ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub hauv kev tshawb fawb tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev paub ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas, tsis muaj kev ntshai ntawm kev thuam thiab kev liam ntawm kev vwm, sim rau lawv tus kheej.

Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias lub tswv yim no yuav tsum tau kho nrog kev ceev faj zoo - nrog rau ntau lwm cov lus pom zoo los tawm tsam kev sib kis

"Nws yuav zoo dua yog tias peb tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb," said Dr. Paul A. Offit, tus xibfwb ntawm Kws Kho Mob, hauv kev sib tham hauv xov tooj. Perelman ntawm University of Pennsylvania, thiab co-inventor ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus. Txhua qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov ua dua, nws hais ntxiv, yog luv luv thiab tsis tiav thaum piv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev cai.

Txawm li cas los xij, Dr. Robert Gallo, uas tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg txhawb nqa tseem ceeb ntawm kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio tiv thaiv tus kabmob coronavirus, tau hais tias kev tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab yog "ib qho ntawm cov chaw nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob." Dr. Gallo, tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Human Virology ntawm University of Maryland Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshuaj Kho Mob, tau hais tias txawm tias tus kab mob polio tsis muaj zog yuav muab kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau ib hlis xwb, nws yuav "pab kov yeej kev kub ntxhov thiab cawm ntau tus neeg."

Tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm txoj kev

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio nyob tau raug coj los ntawm ntau lab tus tib neeg, thiab qhov no tau ua rau yuav luag tag nrho kev tshem tawm tus kabmob. Tab sis muaj tsawg zaus, tus kab mob attenuated siv hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv txaus ntshai. Nws ua rau polio thiab kis rau lwm tus neeg. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tuag tes tuag taw yog ib qho ntawm 2.7 lab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Vim li no, cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tau hais tias thaum ib cheeb tsam tshem tawm ib txwm muaj tus mob polio, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj tsis tu ncua, raws li Tebchaws Meskas tau ua 20 xyoo dhau los.

Lub hli no, National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases tau ncua ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Dr. Gallo's Institute, Cleveland Clinic, University of Buffalo thiab Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio tiv thaiv tus mob coronavirus nrog kws kho mob. Lub koom haum tau hais txog qhov tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb no vim li cas, ceeb toom tias tus kab mob polio tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov dej xa dej thiab kis mus rau lwm tus neeg. Cov kws tshawb fawb paub txog txoj kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog qhov no. Ib tus kws tshaj lij rau National Institute of Allergic thiab Kab Mob Sib Kis tsis kam hais tawm.

Tab sis lwm lub teb chaws tab tom mus tom ntej. Kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio tau pib hauv tebchaws Russia, thiab tau npaj hauv Iran thiab Guinea-Bissau.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv tus mob coronavirus yuav tsum npaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tawm tsam tus kab mob tshwj xeeb no. Ntau tshaj 125 qhov sib txawv tau tam sim no tau tsim nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov tsim dua, tsis zoo li ib qho tshwj xeeb, siv nyob, tab sis cov kab mob tsis muaj zog lossis cov kab mob uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev los tua cov kab mob feem ntau, tsawg kawg ib ntus.

Thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio, tsim los ntawm Asmeskas Jonas Salk, siv tus kab mob "inactivated", uas yog, cov kab mob ntawm tus kab mob tua. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau txhaj, thiab qhov no cuam tshuam kev txhaj tshuaj hauv cov tebchaws txom nyem.

Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nthuav dav hauv xyoo 1955, Dr. Albert Sabin tau sim tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj uas siv nyob tab sis txo qis tus kab mob polio. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, qhov twg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Salk twb tau siv dav, cov tub ceev xwm tsis kam lees qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab sim sim nrog tus kab mob nyob.

Dr. Seibin tau dhau los ntawm peb hom kab mob uas tsis muaj zog rau cov txij nkawm ntawm Soviet virologists - tus tsim ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Poliomyelitis thiab Viral Encephalitis Mikhail Chumakov (tam sim no lub koom haum no dais nws lub npe) thiab Marina Voroshilova.

Dr. Chumakov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nws tus kheej, tab sis cov tshuaj no yog tsim los rau cov menyuam yaus, thiab nws yuav tsum tau kuaj rau menyuam yaus. Yog li ntawd, nws thiab nws tus poj niam tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lawv cov tub, nrog rau cov xeeb ntxwv thiab cov xeeb ntxwv

Qhov kev sim no tau tso cai rau Chumakov yaum cov thawj coj loj ntawm Soviet tus thawj coj Anastas Mikoyan los nthuav kev sim. Qhov no thiaj li ua rau muaj kev tsim ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio hauv qhov ncauj, uas tau siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Tebchaws Meskas tau pib txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio hauv qhov ncauj hauv xyoo 1961 thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj pov thawj muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv USSR.

"Ib tug yuav tsum yog thawj," said Dr. Pyotr Chumakov hauv kev xam phaj. - Kuv yeej tsis tau npau taws. Kuv xav tias nws zoo heev thaum koj muaj ib tug txiv uas muaj kev ntseeg siab rau qhov tseeb ntawm nws qhov kev coj ua, ntseeg siab tias nws yuav tsis ua phem rau nws cov menyuam."

Raws li nws hais, leej niam tau mob siab rau kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tub hluas.

Chumakov tau hais tias "Nws paub tseeb tias tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum ntshai,"

Dab tsi Voroshilova tau pom ntau xyoo dhau los ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj.

Feem ntau, muaj ntau tshaj li kaum ob tus kab mob ua pa hauv lub cev ntawm tus menyuam noj qab haus huv, uas tsis ua rau muaj kab mob lossis ua li ntawd tsis tshua muaj. Tab sis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov me nyuam tiv thaiv tus mob polio, nws nrhiav tsis tau tus kab mob no nyob rau hauv lawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm 1968 mus rau 1975, ib tug loj-scale txoj kev tshawb no tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv cov kev coj ntawm Voroshilova, koom nrog 320,000 tus neeg. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov neeg uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, suav nrog cov neeg tiv thaiv kab mob polio, txo tus neeg tuag los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas.

Voroshilova tau txais kev lees paub hauv USSR rau kev ua kom pom kev sib txuas ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv dav dav tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog txhawb los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Voroshilova thiab Chumakov yeej cuam tshuam rau kev xav thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv cov tub. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tsis tau tsuas yog los ua virologists, tab sis kuj pib sim ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Niaj hnub no Pyotr Chumakov yog ib tug thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Molecular Biology. Engelhardt ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab tus tsim ntawm lub tuam txhab Cleveland, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev kho mob qog noj ntshav nrog cov kab mob. Nws tsim txog 25 tus kab mob los tua cov qog. Raws li nws, nws tau ntsib tag nrho cov kab mob no ntawm nws tus kheej.

Tam sim no nws tab tom noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio uas loj hlob hauv nws lub chaw kuaj mob uas muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tus kabmob coronavirus

Molecular biologist Ilya Chumakov tab tom ua raws tib neeg genome hauv Fabkis.

Alexey Chumakov, uas tseem tsis tau yug los thaum nws niam nws txiv tau sim cov kwv tij, siv feem ntau ntawm nws txoj haujlwm hauv Los Angeles ntawm Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, ua kev tshawb fawb txog qog noj ntshav. Thaum nws ua haujlwm hauv Moscow, nws tau tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab E, uas nws thawj zaug sim ntawm nws tus kheej.

Chumakov hais tias "Qhov no yog ib qho kev lig kev cai qub." "Tus kws ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau sawv hauv qab tus choj thaum thawj qhov hnyav tau nqa hla nws."

Dr. Konstantin Chumakov yog Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm US Food and Drug Administration, uas yuav koom nrog kev pom zoo rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob coronavirus rau Asmeskas. Tsis ntev los no nws tau koom nrog Dr. Gallo thiab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb hauv Science magazine los txhawb kev tshawb fawb txog kev rov tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm.

Hauv kev xam phaj, Konstantin Chumakov tau hais tias nws tsis nco qab tias nws noj cov piam thaj li cas hauv xyoo 1959, vim nws tsuas yog tsib xyoos xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws pom zoo rau nws niam nws txiv txoj kev sim, hu nws ua ib kauj ruam ntawm kev cawm cov me nyuam suav tsis txheeb los ntawm kev tuag tes tuag taw.

Chumakov hais tias "Lawv tau ua qhov yog," - Thiab tam sim no cov lus nug xws li "Koj puas muaj kev tso cai los ntawm pawg thawj coj ncaj ncees?"