Cov txheej txheem:
- Thawj daim duab ntawm thawj hnub ua tsov ua rog
- Reindeer ntawm Northern Front
- Lub foob pob ntawm Murmansk
- Lub sijhawm Crimean
- Jubilant Bulgaria
- Liberation ntawm Budapest
- Lub cim yeej
- Ntawm txoj kev ntawm Berlin
- Thawj Yeej Parade
- Nuremberg kev sim
Video: Evgeny Khaldei: WWII kws yees duab
2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06
Evgeny Khaldei tau dhau los ua tsov rog tag nrho - los ntawm Murmansk mus rau Berlin. Siv lub koob yees duab Leica III, nws hais txog kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav thiab luv luv ntawm lub neej nyob kaj siab lug.
Thawj daim duab ntawm thawj hnub ua tsov ua rog
Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, thaum 12.15 teev tsaus ntuj, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Txawv Tebchaws Vyacheslav Molotov tau hais xov tooj cua rau Muscovites. Nws tshaj tawm tias "thaum 4 teev sawv ntxov, tsis muaj kev thov rau Soviet Union, tsis tau tshaj tawm ua rog, cov tub rog German tau tawm tsam peb lub tebchaws."
Cov neeg nyob hauv Moscow tau mloog cov lus los ntawm cov neeg hais lus nrov uas tau teeb tsa hauv txoj kev thiab squares ntawm lub nroog. Tus kws yees duab Yevgeny Khaldei, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm TASS Photo Chronicle lub chaw haujlwm, tau ntes lub sijhawm keeb kwm hauv daim duab, uas tau dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Ua Tsov Rog Loj Loj.
Cov neeg sawv ntawm txoj kev thaum Lub Kaum Hli 25 (tam sim no Nikolskaya), ntawm lawv lub ntsej muag - tsis meej pem thiab ntshai ntawm qhov tsis tuaj yeem. Khaldei nco qab hnub no: “Qhov tseeb ob lossis peb feeb tom qab pib ua yeeb yam, kuv pom cov neeg tuaj sib sau ua ke ntawm lub suab nrov. Kuv dhia tawm ntawm lub tsev thiab coj daim duab no - thawj daim duab ntawm thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog … Molotov ua tiav nws cov lus, tab sis cov neeg tsis tawg. Lawv sawv, nyob ntsiag to, xav. Kuv sim nug dab tsi. Tsis muaj leej twg teb. Kuv xav li cas? Tias yuav muaj qhov kawg snapshot ntawm tsov rog, yeej. Tab sis, raws li kuv nco qab, kuv tsis tau xav txog seb kuv puas yuav tswj tau nws."
Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm daim duab yog lub Muscovites Anna Trushkina, uas ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug chauffeur nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv lub wartime, thiab yav tom ntej anti-aircraft gunner Oleg Bobryaev. Xyoo 1980s, Chaldeus tau tswj xyuas lawv thiab yees duab lawv dua nyob rau tib qhov chaw.
Reindeer ntawm Northern Front
Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Rau Hli 1941, Yevgeny Khaldei raug xa mus rau tub rog kws sau xov xwm. Nws raug xa mus rau Arctic, ntaus nqi rau Northern Fleet.
Ib daim duab ntawm ib tug reindeer grazing los ntawm trenches tau coj nyob rau hauv Murmansk. Thaum lub foob pob tawg, Yasha (raws li tus mos lwj tom qab hu ua) tau txais lub plhaub poob siab thiab tawm mus rau cov tub rog, ntshai tsam nyob ib leeg. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm daim duab, Khaldei retouched daim duab qub uas siv cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm ntau yam uas tso cai rau ntau lub thav duab ua ke hauv ib daim duab, uas ua rau lub foob pob tawg thiab British Hawker Hurricane fighters ya saum ntuj.
Yasha nyob nrog cov tub rog Soviet rau peb xyoos ntxiv - nyob rau sab qaum teb Pem hauv ntej, mos lwj ua kev thauj mus los tsuas yog nees: lawv nqa cov neeg raug mob, xa khoom, riam phom, foob pob. Tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua phem hauv Arctic, Yasha raug coj mus rau tundra.
Lub foob pob ntawm Murmansk
Nyob rau lub Rau Hli 1942, tom qab cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam ntawm Murmansk, lub nroog tau raug foob pob tawg - kaum tawm txhiab tus incendiary thiab foob pob tawg. Ntoo Murmansk kub hnyiab yuav luag rau hauv av, tsuas yog ib lub chimneys ntawm lub nroog. Tom qab lwm qhov kev foob pob, Yevgeny Khaldei tau ntsib ib tug poj niam laus ntawm txoj kev nrog ib lub thawv rau sab nraub qaum - qhov me me uas tseem tshuav ntawm nws lub siab.
Nws coj ob peb daim duab, tom qab ntawd tus poj niam nres thiab cem nws hais tias: "Vim li cas koj, tus tub, thaij duab kuv txoj kev tu siab, peb txoj kev txom nyem? Yog tias tsuas yog kuv tuaj yeem thaij duab peb cov neeg tau foob pob lub teb chaws Yelemees! " Khaldei teb tias yog nws mus txog Berlin, nws yeej yuav ua tiav nws qhov kev thov.
Peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, nws tau ua tiav nws cov lus cog tseg thiab ntes lub Reichstag swb los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.
Lub sijhawm Crimean
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1943, Yevgeny Khaldei raug xa mus los ntawm Barents Hiav Txwv mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub. Nws ua yeeb yaj kiab kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Novorossiysk, Feodosia, Simferopol, Bakhchisarai thiab Sevastopol, thiab txawm tias tau txais txiaj ntsig Order of the Red Star rau nws txoj kev koom tes hauv kev ywj pheej ntawm Kerch. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm "Crimean lub sijhawm", tus kws yees duab ntes tau tshem tawm swastika los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet los ntawm Kerch cog npe tom qab Voikov, uas tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub sij hawm Nazi tawm tsam xyoo 1942.
Chaldey thawj zaug mus rau Kerch ua tub rog kws sau xov xwm tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1941. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tsim ib tug series ntawm cov duab nyob rau hauv lub Bagerovsky anti-tank ditch - qhov chaw ntawm lub siab phem tua ntawm ob peb txhiab neeg pej xeem.
Jubilant Bulgaria
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944, Tub Rog Liab txoj haujlwm kev ywj pheej hauv Tebchaws Europe tau pib. Ua ke nrog cov tub rog Soviet, Yevgeny Khaldei hla Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria thiab, thaum kawg, lub teb chaws Yelemees, coj ntau pua daim duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab yeej ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Daim duab hu ua "Jubilant Bulgaria" raug coj mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1944 hauv lub nroog Lovech, uas cov neeg nyob hauv tau ua kev zoo siab rau lawv txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm German invaders.
Khaldei tau sau tias "Ntawm no peb 'Studebaker' cov neeg coob coob ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv tau nqa thiab nqa lawv txhais caj npab," Khaldei sau. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab yog ib tug Bulgarian partisan, thiab nyob rau hauv lub post-ua tsov ua rog lub sij hawm - tus thawj coj ntawm cov nqaij qaib ua liaj ua teb Kocha Karadzhov.
Khaldei sim sau cov npe ntawm cov neeg uas nws tau yees duab, yog li ntawd, peb caug xyoo tom qab daim duab no, nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau Karadzhov thiab, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov heroes ntawm nws thawj tub rog daim duab, yees duab nws nyob rau tib qhov chaw. zoo li xyoo 1944.
Liberation ntawm Budapest
Lub Ob Hlis 13, 1945, tom qab 108 hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntshav, cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm hauv Budapest. Thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv ghetto quarters, Yevgeny Khaldei pom ib nkawm niam txiv neeg Yudais taug kev ntawm txoj kev - nws xav tsis thoob tias lawv cov khaub ncaws tseem sewn nrog rau lub hnub qub daj ntawm David - ib qho cim tshwj xeeb uas cov neeg Yudais yuav tsum hnav ntawm lub hnub qub. kev txiav txim ntawm Nazis.
Cov neeg nyob hauv lub ghetto tsis twv kom tshem tawm txawm tias tom qab kev ywj pheej ntawm lub nroog. Khaldei tau mus cuag nkawm niam txiv mus thaij duab, tab sis lawv ntshai, ua yuam kev nws rau tus txiv neej SS, vim nws hnav lub tsho tawv dub. Thaum Khaldei piav "hauv German-Jewish" tias nws yog tub rog Soviet, tus poj niam tau tawg rau hauv lub kua muag thiab poob rau ntawm nws lub hauv siab nrog cov lus ua tsaug rau nws tso tawm.
Tus kws yees duab tau hais tias, tau thaij duab, nws rub tawm cov kab txaij nrog cov hnub qub los ntawm nws lub tsho tiv no. Khaldei kuj los ntawm ib tsev neeg Yudais - thaum tsov rog, cov Nazis tua nws txiv thiab cov muam, thiab lawv lub cev raug pov rau hauv kuv. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, rau lub tswv yim yog vim li cas, ib daim duab ntawm ib tug neeg Yudais ob peb tsis tau luam tawm thiab tsis tau nthuav tawm ntawm exhibitions.
Lub cim yeej
Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 2, 1945, Yevgeny Khaldei coj ib daim duab uas tau los ua lub cim ntawm yeej thiab ib qho classic ntawm ntiaj teb kev yees duab. Cov phau ntawv qhia tsis yog kev tshaj tawm - thawj qhov kev yeej Banner ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm Nazi parliament tau raug teeb tsa thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm Berlin thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 30, 1945. Thaum lub sij hawm no, Khaldei nyob rau hauv Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws ya los ntawm liberated Vienna xa cov footage rau tus editor. Ntawm cov lus qhia los ntawm TASS, nws tau raug xa mus rau Berlin tam sim ntawd. Raws li tus kws yees duab txoj kev npaj, lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv nws cov tub rog chronicle yog yuav tsum tau ib daim duab ntawm tus chij liab tshaj lub yeej Reichstag.
Nws coj nrog nws mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees peb tus chij liab, uas nws tus phooj ywg, Moscow tailor Israel Kishitser, sewed nyob rau hauv ib hmos los ntawm tablecloths qiv los ntawm lub "Photochronicle" warehouse. Khaldei kos lub hnub qub, rab koob thiab rauj tawm ntawm daim ntawv nrog nws txhais tes. Tus phab ej ntawm cov duab "Lub Banner ntawm yeej tshaj lub Reichstag" yog cov tub rog Liab Leonid Gorichev, Alexei Kovalev thiab Abdulhakim Ismailov. Nyob rau hauv daim duab, Kovalev tab tom tuav lub chij, thiab Ismailov tuav nws ob txhais ceg kom nws tsis poob ntawm lub ru tsev kub hnyiab.
Nyob rau tib hnub, Khaldei rov qab mus rau Moscow. Xav txog qhov tsis zoo tau txais, tus editor-in-chief ntawm TASS pom tias Ismailov muaj ob khub ntawm watches nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes - cov ntsiab lus no yuav ua tau raws li lub hauv paus rau liam Soviet cov tub rog ntawm looting. Ces Chaldeus yuav tsum khawb lub moos ntawm tus fighter sab tes xis nrog ib rab koob. Tsaus plumes ntawm cov pa luam yeeb kuj tau ntxiv rau daim duab retouched. Tau ntev, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm daim duab no tau luam tawm hauv xov xwm luam tawm.
Ntawm txoj kev ntawm Berlin
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1945, Yevgeny Khaldei tau tsiv mus rau nruab nrab ntawm Berlin nrog rau cov tub rog ntawm 8th Guards Army ntawm General Vasily Chuikov, uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Berlin tawm tsam. Ntawm ib txoj kev, tus kws yees duab pom qhov xwm txheej uas nws tau ntes hauv daim duab.
Khaldei nco qab tias: “Peb lub tank tau txuas ntxiv mus raws ib txoj kev. Dheev, ob peb tus poj niam dhia tawm hauv av - qhov chaw nkaum. Ib tug ntawm lawv, taw liab qab, tuav nws nkawm khau, lwm tus tuav nws "tus nqi," daim tawv nqaij ntawm hma liab. Saib ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam, lawv nug tias: "Cov tank zoo li cas? Leej twg?" Kuv teb tias: "Soviet tanks, Russians!" “Nws ua tsis tau! - said ib. - Tau ob peb hnub peb zaum hauv lub vaj tsev thiab mloog Goebbels hauv xov tooj cua. Nws hais tias cov neeg Lavxias yuav tsis nkag mus hauv Berlin."
Thawj Yeej Parade
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 24, 1945, thawj qhov kev sib tw yeej tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow. Cov tub rog tau txib los ntawm Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky. Lub parade tau tuav los ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Thawj Coj Thawj Coj, Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Thaum 10 teev sawv ntxov Zhukov caij nees hu ua Kumir los ntawm Spassky Rooj vag mus rau Red Square.
Evgeny Khaldei tom qab ntawd hais tias: “Kuv tau thaij thawj daim duab - tus thawj coj tau caij nrog cov tub rog nrog cov Nazi banners; Kuv tau ua qhov thib ob - thiab kuv xav tias: Kuv tuaj yeem tua tsis tau ntxiv lawm, kuv txhawj xeeb heev, kuv yuav tsum sau kuv cov kev xav. Kuv nco txog kev ua tsov ua rog, kuv nco txog txhua yam uas kuv pom hauv kev ua tsov ua rog, kuv nco txog cov uas kuv yuav tsis pom ntxiv lawm …”.
Hauv kev txhaj tshuaj tom ntej, nws tau ntes tau lub sijhawm thaum tus nees plaub ceg ib txhij rub tawm hauv av thiab ntab saum huab cua. Pom daim duab, Zhukov tus kheej nug Khaldei kom thaij duab loj rau nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Nuremberg kev sim
Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 20, 1945, Nuremberg kev sim siab tau pib, lub sijhawm uas cov thawj coj ntawm Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees raug sim. Yevgeny Khaldei tau mus koom cov rooj sib tham ua tus kws tshaj xov xwm yees duab los ntawm TASS Photo Chronicle. "Kuv coj thawj daim duab thaum kawg ntawm kev so hauv lub tsev hais plaub, thaum tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev hais plaub tau hais nrov nrov:" Sawv! Kev sim yuav los!” - hais tias tus kws yees duab. "Cov neeg ua txhaum cai sawv: Mus, Hess, Ribbentrop, Keitel … Lawv tau txib ib tug tag nrho cov neeg, Teb chaws Europe, - tam sim no lawv tau sawv ob zaug ib hnub twg ntawm cov commandant ntawm commandant."
Khaldey xav thaij duab "tus neeg txuas ntxiv ntawm Fueher" Hermann Goering ntawm lub podium los ntawm lub kaum sab xis txawv, tab sis cov neeg sau xov xwm raug txwv tsis pub txav mus los ntawm lub tsev. Tus kws yees duab muaj peev xwm pom zoo nrog tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kws txiav txim plaub ntawm Soviet hais tias tom qab noj su nws yuav coj nws qhov chaw rau ob peb teev nyob rau hauv pauv rau ob lub raj mis ntawm whiskey. Muab lub koob yees duab tso rau hauv pem teb, thaum lub sijhawm Khaldey ntsiag to nias lub shutter. Cov duab tshwm sim tau nthuav tawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab tau luam tawm hauv ntau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm.
Evgeny Khaldei. Hermann Goering ntawm lub podium. Nuremberg Kev sim. Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Nuremberg, 1946. Source: Sau los ntawm Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow. Russia Information Agency "TASS"
Thaum lub sij hawm mus sib hais, ob peb daim duab ntawm Chaldeus coj thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog tau siv los ua ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua phem ntawm fascists tawm tsam tib neeg. Goering, nrog rau lwm cov tub rog ua tsov ua rog, raug txim tuag. Tsis tau tos txog kev tua cov kab lus, nws tua tus kheej.
Pom zoo:
Declassified CIA duab: USSR cov khoom siv tub rog los ntawm Asmeskas cov koob yees duab neeg soj xyuas
Lub Soviet Union tau zais nws cov tub rog zais cia zoo ib yam li Tebchaws Meskas tau ua thaum Tsov Rog Txias. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau kev koom tes ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog thiab kev tsim riam phom tshiab. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua zoo li no, cov tub rog parades yuav luag tib lub sijhawm rau Asmeskas cov neeg soj xyuas pom thiab yees duab cov kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm Soviet tub rog-kev lag luam complex. Tsis ntev tas los no, CIA declassified ib feem ntawm cov duab coj los ntawm nws cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub USSR
Cov tub ceev xwm tau ntshai ntawm ib tug kws yees duab los ntawm Yakutia thiab xa mus tsev los ntawm lub tsev kho mob puas hlwb
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Don Cossack Ivan Boldyrev: kws yees duab thiab inventor
Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev yees duab, lub npe ntawm Ivan Vasilyevich Boldyrev sawv sib nrug. Ib tug txiv neej uas muaj txuj ci txawv tshaj plaw, ib tug txawj ntse artist, kws yees duab, inventor nrhiav tsis tau nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hnyav kev muaj tiag, thiab nws cov txuj ci tsis tswj kom tag nrho qhia nws tus kheej