Scandinavia - lub teb chaws ntawm lub Rus

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov no suav nrog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, runestones, uas cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub ntaus nqi rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1st-5th centuries AD, txawm hais tias lawv hais tias lawv lub hnub nyoog laus dua, thiab bracteates - tiaj tus npib nyiaj ntawm kub lossis nyiaj nrog minting ntawm ib sab (hnub no peb hu cov khoom medallions).

Nws yeej ib txwm ntseeg tias cov ntawv runic no tau sau nyob rau hauv ancient Germanic runes los yog hu ua "senior futark". Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib daim ntawv sau npe uas nyob rau lub sijhawm no tau nyeem nrog cov runes. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab hais tias runologists thiab historians, raws li nws yog, nyeem ib yam dab tsi nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug futark, tab sis thaum kawg lawv tau txais ib tug tsis muaj ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv, uas lawv ces "coj" mus rau ib tug ntau los yog tsawg digestible daim ntawv, siv tag nrho cov hom. ntawm pretensions thiab assumptions. Rau 90 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, Western runology yeej tsis tau nyeem ib txwm ib tug runic inscription.

Tib lub cuab yeej tsim nyog rau kev nyeem Scandinavian thaum ntxov runes yog Slavic runes. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, cov ntawv sau tau nyeem zoo kawg nkaus, tsis muaj kev hloov kho, tu siab rau cov kws tshawb fawb orthodox. Oleg Leonidovich Sokol-Kutylovsky, tus tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Natural Sciences, kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Geophysics ntawm Ural ceg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences (Yekaterinburg) ua tus Scandinavian runes hais lus Lavxias.

Nws tau txheeb xyuas cov ntawv sau rau ntawm 35 bracteates, txog 30 inscriptions ntawm clasps thiab hniav nyiaj hniav kub, rings, medallions, npib, riam phom, ntawm 30 runestones thiab txog ib lub kaum os inscriptions ntawm cov pob txha thiab ntoo. Lub geography ntawm lub monuments ntawm runic Slavic-Aryan sau ntawv uas nws pom yog impressive. Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Great Britain, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Fabkis, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia thiab European ib feem ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Nws tau sau ob peb phau ntawv xov xwm uas nws tau hais meej txog nws txoj kev tshawb fawb (saib 01 / 0766-00.htm). Tus kws tshawb fawb tuaj rau qhov kev txiav txim siab: yuav luag tag nrho cov ancient runic inscriptions ntawm sab qaum teb thiab nruab nrab teb chaws Europe, uas yav tas los suav hais tias yog Germanic, muaj ntsiab lus nyeem nyob rau hauv Slavic (Lavxias teb sab) lus..

Cia peb thiab peb hwm tej lus tim khawv pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias, uas tau tso tseg los ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob deb li ob txhiab xyoo dhau los, thaum lub tebchaws Scandinavian yog lawv lub tebchaws.

Runestone cov ntaub ntawv

Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws runestone nyob rau sab qaum teb Europe yog los ntawm Swedish lub nroog Røka. Lub pob zeb muaj qhov ntev tshaj plaws runic inscription paub. Nws muaj 762 runes thiab hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 9th. xyoo pua. Cov ntawv sau rau ntawm txhua sab ntawm lub pob zeb, suav nrog qhov kawg thiab sab saum toj.

Cov Swedes "deciphered" inscription raws li nram no:

Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias Sokol-Kutylovsky siv Slavic runes, muab nws tus kheej txhais ntawm txhua kab ntawm cov ntawv sau, uas tau hloov mus ntev dua li Swedish ib, thiab ua pov thawj tias "Swedish runic paj huam" tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog. dab tsi yog sau rau ntawm pob zeb hauv kev muaj tiag. Nws tsis tham txog ib qho Vemud kiag li, nrog rau Thodrik, uas tau txheeb xyuas nrog Visigoth huab tais Theodoric. Ntxiv mus, nrog nws decoding, nws lov cov dab neeg ntawm lub ancient poetic runic ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Swedes. Qhov tseeb tsuas yog kwv yees ntawm Swedish runologists yog tias lub pob zeb yog ib lub monument rau cov poob. Dab tsi yog sau rau ntawm nws, qhov tseeb? Ntawm no yog ib feem ntawm lub decoding ntawm inscription, uas yog tag nrho muab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb. "Runestone ntawm tus dej: Myths thiab kev muaj tiag":

Peb tab tom tham txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov zej zog ua liaj ua teb ntawm cov neeg Slavic ntawm Rags thiab Ners, ntawm ib sab, thiab Danes, ntawm lwm qhov. Cov Danes tau sim sau cov khoom plig los ntawm lawv cov neeg nyob ze, tab sis raug tsis lees paub, thiab lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv qhov no tau ua si los ntawm nera, uas tau tsim tsa lub monument. Lawv tuaj pab cov ragas. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntawv sau, nws tuaj yeem nkag siab tias cov hlab ntsha ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw ntiav. Tom qab qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, lawv tau txais ib feem ntawm thaj av uas muaj sia nyob ciam teb ntawm Danes hauv kev ua tswv cuab thiab tau ua los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Danes.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau txais cov ntawv nyeem zoo heev, uas tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog Swedish av nkos fabrications txog qee qhov tsis nkag siab ob tus neeg raug tsim txom, uas yog vim li cas tau mined kaum ob zaug. Cia peb saib qee qhov ntau Scandinavian runestones, uas tsis ntev los no "hais lus" hauv Lavxias.

Lub pob zeb pom nyob rau hauv thawj daim duab yog nyob rau hauv Norway thiab hnub rov qab mus rau lub 4th-6th centuries. AD Muaj ib tug loj kos npe rau embossed rau nws, uas occupies yuav luag ib nrab ntawm lub pob zeb, thiab ib tug runic inscription. Judging los ntawm inscription thiab kos npe rau, lub pob zeb no kuj yog rau cov tub rog poob. Lub inscription nyeem:, thiab ib tug kos npe rau zoo ib yam li "Pe" rune tej zaum yuav txhais tau hais tias cov tub rog uas poob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua yog cov tub rog ntawm Perun, Slavic vajtswv. Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav, puas yog? Nws ua raws los ntawm nws yam tsawg kawg nkaus los ntawm IV mus rau VI centuries A. D. nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Norway muaj ib lub xeev ntawm Vajtswv Rus, uas cov neeg hais lus Lavxias teb sab, sau nyob rau hauv Slavic runes thiab pe hawm Slavic vajtswv.

Lwm runestone los ntawm Norway nyeem:. Sokol-Kutylovsky qhia tias cov ntawv sau tuaj yeem nkag siab tias yog tus sawv cev ntawm Slavs thaum ub txog vim li cas rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no lossis hmo ntuj polar. Nws yog qhov txawv txav uas pom lub npe ntawm "Egyptian" vajtswv Ra nyob rau hauv Slavic runic inscriptions ntawm Northern Europe, tab sis, raws li nws tau tig tawm, nws pom muaj ntau zaus thiab qhia lub hnub, thiab Borobog yog tus vajtswv ntawm cua thiab txias..

Thiab ntawm no yog lwm lub pob zeb los ntawm Norway. Nws yog hu los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub zos nyob ze uas nws tau pom. Nws muaj kwv yees li 184 lub cim rune, muaj ob txoj kab ntev, thiab supposedly qhia txog kev hloov pauv huab cua - qhov pib ntawm huab cua tsis zoo thaum ntxov, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm flares ntawm Sun-Ra, uas yog hu ua piebald (spotted). Tus kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm ntseeg tau nyeem ob feem peb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem:.

Ntawm lub runestone los ntawm Sweden yos los ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm thawj txhiab xyoo AD. peb nyeem:. Lub npe Rbon muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov medieval Scandinavia, raws li nws yog feem ntau pom ntawm runestones-monuments. Lub npe no muaj ntau yam hais: Rabon, Rboni, Rbonnis.

Lwm Swedish pob zeb hais nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab hais tias:. Hauv lwm lo lus, lub pob zeb no yog tus ncej ciam teb ntawm 4th-6th centuries AD. nrog ib daim ntawv ceeb toom. Cov neeg saib xyuas tau piav qhia rau nws tag nrho sib haum rau nws.

Inscriptions ntawm bracteates

Muaj ntau ntau Scandinavian bracteates. Lawv qhov kev nplua nuj yog pov thawj los ntawm kev ua haujlwm loj ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb German S. Novak ntawm 920 nplooj ntawv, uas tau mob siab rau tag nrho cov bracteates golden. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus no tsis muaj ib qho kev txhais lus, xws li Tsis yog ib qho runic inscription rau lawv tau nyeem los ntawm Germanic runes, uas tsis yog xav tsis thoob. Tom qab tag nrho, cov ntawv sau no tsuas yog nyeem los ntawm Slavic runes! Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb "kawm" txuas ntxiv xav txog ob qho tib si bracteates thiab cov ntawv sau rau lawv li Germanic.

Lub runic inscription nyob rau hauv thawj bracteate los ntawm cov kob ntawm Gotland nyeem yooj yim - "Vajtswv", nyob rau hauv lub thib ob "Vajtswv tiv thaiv", uas yog, lub bracteate yog ib tug talisman. Qhov thib peb hais tias "Vajtswv Ra, Vajtswv Ka". Qhov no yog li cas Sokol-Kutylovsky piav txog qhov bracteate: "Vim tias tsuas yog hnub ci cov cim tau piav qhia ntawm lub bracteate no, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog "hnub ci" Vajtswv nyob rau hauv motion. Ob txhais tes ntawm Vajtswv, khoov ntawm txoj cai kaum, tsim lub "Ra" rune, thiab lub swastika (los yog Kolovrat), nyob tom qab nws, yog tsim los ntawm lub "Ka" runes. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Sun God, as befits the Sun, txav clockwise. Txhua qhov tshwm sim (yug) ntawm Hnub Vajtswv, Ra, yog kaj ntug, thiab txhua qhov ntawm nws ploj mus (tuag), Ka, yog hnub poob. Etymology ntawm cov lus ua rateeb thiab rau kam, tej zaum, yog ib qho kev sib txuas hauv lub ntsiab lus nrog lub sijhawm pom thiab ploj ntawm lub hnub. Qhov tseeb, qhov tseeb tias swastika yog cov duab ntawm lub hnub txav tau paub los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Slavic syllabic runic sau yog muaj rune uas ib txhij muaj ob lub ntsiab lus qub tshaj plaws thiab cov duab qub tshaj plaws ntawm lub hnub.. Ob tug tom ntej no bracteates kuj hais txog lub hnub vajtswv. Lub inscription nyeem: "Ra nws nyob mus ib txhis."

Box los ntawm British Tsev khaws puav pheej

Sokol-Kutylovsky qhia lwm centuries-laus zais cia los ntawm kev nyeem cov Slavic runes ntawm ib lub thawv me me, paub nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv li (Franks 'hauv siab). Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv Auzon (Fabkis) nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, thiab nyob rau hauv 1867 cov lus Askiv antiquarian Franks tau pub nws mus rau British Tsev khaws puav pheej, qhov twg nws nyob tam sim no. Lub vaj huam sib luag uas ploj lawm tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1890 hauv Ltalis thiab tam sim no tau khaws cia hauv National Museum hauv Florence. Qhov ntev ntawm lub thawv yog 12, 9x22, 9x19, 1 cm. Nws tau them tag nrho nrog cov duab kos thiab cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov pob txha, ua ob qho tib si hauv cov cim runic thiab cov ntawv Latin. Tau 1300 xyoo tsis muaj leej twg nyeem tau lawv. Lawv tau sim, ntawm chav kawm, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj txog qhov kev xav tsis thoob uas ib zaj paj huam hais txog … ib lub whalebone tau sau rau ntawm lub thawv uas ua los ntawm whalebone. Thiab nws yog qhov zoo uas qhov no tshwm sim, txwv tsis pub lub thawv tej zaum yuav tsis muaj sia nyob. Yog hais tias cov neeg Askiv paub tias cov ntawv sau rau ntawm nws tau ua nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv los ntawm cov neeg uas hais lus Slavs, thiab tsis yog "Old English", thiab sau Slavic runes, thiab tsis yog "Anglo-Saxon" - lawv yuav tsis tshua tau khaws cia li ntawd. ua tib zoo thiab qhib tau nthuav tawm ntawm British Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Nyob rau sab saum toj vaj huam sib luag ntawm lub thawv tsuas muaj ib tug luv luv runic inscription "Aliens". Nyob rau hauv cov neeg txawv teb chaws, tus kav nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag yog qhia, zaum nyob rau hauv lub palace, thiab nws tus neeg saib xyuas nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug warrior-archer. Cov tib "neeg txawv tebchaws" no nyob hauv lub fortress. Cov ntawv nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub thawv nyeem:.

Cov ntawv hauv qab no yog sau rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag tom qab:.

Sab laug ntawm lub thawv:.

Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj heev los txiav txim siab ib thiab ib nrab kaum lub cim ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag sab xis, yog li cov ntawv sib txuas tsis ua haujlwm. Tus kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas tau qee lo lus: "tsim", "txiav txim siab", "neeg", "lub hauv siab", "tag nrho", "kub", "xav", "muaj nyiaj" thiab lwm yam. Qhov hais txog tus hma Vajtswv suab txawv txawv. Nws hloov tawm hais tias mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 7th, lub cult ntawm tus hma muaj nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv. Thiab nws kuj suab txawv txawv hais txog Rugs thiab Rus raws li cov neeg hauv paus txawm nyob hauv cov Isles British … Peb tau hnov ntau thiab ntau ntxiv txog Celts, zoo, cov tshaj plaws tshaj plaws - txog Britons thiab Picts …

Rutville ntoo khaub lig

Lwm monument nrog ancient Slavic runes nyob rau hauv lub me me Scottish zos ntawm Ruthville. Qhov siab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig yog 5.5 meters, nws hnub txij li lub quarter kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 7 AD. Tus ntoo khaub lig no sawv ze ntawm lub thaj ntawm Ruthville lub Koom Txoos mus txog rau xyoo 1642, thaum lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv txiav txim siab rhuav tshem cov seem ntawm Roman paganism. Thiab tsis muaj kev ntseeg tias tus ntoo khaub lig yog pagan. Lub hnub yog depicted nyob rau hauv lub Upper central ib feem ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig. Saum toj no qhia txog ib tug falcon, ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig - ib tug qaib thiab ib co tsiaj loj, xws li ib tug nyuj los yog nyuj. Ib tug archer yog qhia hauv qab no. Nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig muaj ib tug ntses nrog lub qhov ncauj qhib thiab, tej zaum, ib tug swan. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tau ua tiav hauv ib nrab: tus ntoo khaub lig raug rhuav tshem thiab ib feem ntawm cov seem ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig tau faus rau hauv lub toj ntxas, thiab lwm qhov tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub trench nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab siv rau paving. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tus ntoo khaub lig tau rov qab los ntawm cov seem uas muaj sia nyob.

Tag nrho cov encyclopedias, cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab cov phau ntawv qhia hais tias Rutvel Cross yog ib lub cim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Askiv qub. Ntawm nws, hauv Anglo-Saxon runes, ib zaj paj huam tau sau nyob rau hauv nqe lus hais txog kev raug ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig ntawm Tswv Yexus. Thaj, ua raws tib lub ntsiab lus raws li ib zaj paj huam hais txog lub hwj txwv no yog sau rau ntawm lub thawv whalebone, ib zaj paj huam txog tus ntoo khaub lig yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig Rutville. Interestingly, cov ntawv ntawm cov paj huam yog muab. Nws yog qhov nthuav ntxiv uas cov neeg Askiv lawv tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem nyeem ib lo lus rune los ntawm cov paj huam no. Lawv hais tias nws tau muab txhais ua lus Askiv niaj hnub los ntawm ib qho unnamed italian pilgrim, leej twg yog vim li cas tsis tau txhais ua lus Askiv cov ntawv Latin, uas tseem nyob ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig thiab yog supposedly los ntawm phau Vajlugkub, los yog cov npe ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig.

Sokol-Kutylovsky nyeem cov ntawv sau rau ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig siv Slavic runes. Lawm, tsis muaj lus nug txog kev raug ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig ntawm Tswv Yexus, thiab tsis muaj cov lus los ntawm phau Vajlugkub. Muaj dab tsi? Muaj ib qho kev hais txog Ra, Yar, Mary thiab Hma - ib qho kev ntseeg uas muaj nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 7th, thiab tej zaum yuav hloov lub Yar cult. …

Yog li ntawd, tus kws tshawb fawb dua qhia meej tias yam tsawg kawg mus txog rau xyoo pua 7 A. D. Nyob rau hauv lub British Isles lawv hais lus Lavxias teb sab, sau nyob rau hauv Slavic runes thiab pe hawm Slavic vajtswv.

Summing li saum toj no, peb tau txais ib daim duab nthuav. Hauv thawj xyoo txhiab AD. Nyob rau sab qaum teb Europe nyob ib pab pawg neeg uas hu lawv tus kheej Rugs, Rags, Nera thiab Rus, hais lus Slavic thiab pe hawm Slavic vajtswv, thiab lawv lub tebchaws hu ua Tswv Ntuj … Lavxias teb sab hais lus nyob rau hauv Scandinavia mus txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 9th AD! Tom qab ntawd muaj thawj Crusade tawm tsam cov Slavs, tom qab uas lub Slavic av ceases yuav xws li, thiab lawv inhabitants twb puas lawm.

Yog li Russia tig mus rau Tebchaws Europe …