Poob siv technologies ntawm St. Petersburg

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov 2013, kuv saib ib tug series ntawm nrov science films los ntawm lub series "Distortion of History", uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov lus qhuab qhia thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Alexei Kungurov. Qee cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab no tau mob siab rau kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis uas tau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho cov tsev thiab cov tsev zoo nkauj hauv St. Petersburg, xws li St. Isaac's Cathedral lossis Winter Palace. Cov ncauj lus no txaus siab rau kuv, vim hais tias, ntawm ib sab, kuv tau mus rau St. Petersburg ntau zaus thiab hlub lub nroog no heev, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum ua haujlwm ntawm Chelyabinskgrazhdanproekt tsim thiab tsim lub koom haum, nws yeej tsis tshwm sim rau kuv. saib cov khoom no ua ntej cov yeeb yaj kiab no meej meej los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub tsev thev naus laus zis.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2013, txoj hmoo luag ntxhi rau kuv ib zaug ntxiv, thiab kuv tau nthuav tawm nrog kev mus ncig ua lag luam rau St. Petersburg rau 5 hnub. Lawm, tag nrho cov sij hawm dawb uas peb tau tswj xyuas tau siv los kawm cov ncauj lus no. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kuv qhov me me, tab sis txawm li cas los xij xav tsis thoob qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo, kuv nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no.

Thawj yam khoom uas kuv tau pib tshawb xyuas, thiab uas tau hais nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Alexei Kungurov, yog General Staff lub tsev ntawm Palace Square. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv zaj duab xis, Alexey feem ntau hais txog lub qhov rooj pob zeb, thaum kuv pom sai sai tias lub tsev no muaj ntau lwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, uas, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, unambiguously nthuav tawm cov thev naus laus zis uas tau siv hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ob qho tib si no thiab. thiab ntau lwm tus.

Rice. 1 - nkag mus rau General Staff lub tsev, sab sauv.

Rice. 2 - nkag mus rau General Staff lub tsev, sab qis.

Rice. 3 - nkag mus rau General Staff lub tsev, ces kaum ntawm lub "jamb", polished "granite".

Nyob rau hauv nws cov yeeb yaj kiab, Alexey them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov "pas tseg" cov duab plaub, uas pom, piv txwv li, hauv daim duab. 2. Tab sis kuv xav paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov tseeb tias cov seam uas sib cais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv tsis mus qhov twg nws yuav tsum yog yog tias cov ntsiab lus no tau carved tiag tiag los ntawm cov pob zeb - duab. 3.

Qhov tseeb yog tias ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom thaum txiav yog lub kaum sab xis sab hauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum txiav cov khoom nyuaj thiab nkig zoo li granite. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis muaj teeb meem txawm tias peb yuav txiav granite nrog cov cuab yeej siv tshuab niaj hnub lossis siv, raws li peb tau lees paub, qee qhov "kev tuav" technologies.

Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los xaiv lub kaum sab xis, yog li hauv kev xyaum lawv sim zam lawv, thiab qhov twg lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau, lawv feem ntau ua rau ntau qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, jamb nyob rau hauv daim duab. 3, yog tias nws raug txiav, nws yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib koom ua ke raws kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm lub ces kaum. Qhov no yog tib yam uas feem ntau pom ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov ntoo qhov rooj.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv daim duab. 3 Peb pom tias kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom tsis dhau ntawm lub ces kaum, tab sis kab rov tav. Sab saum toj ntawm "jamb" so ntawm ob txoj kab ntsug zoo li lub nqaj zoo tib yam ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb pom ntau li plaub qhov zoo nkauj ua tiav sab hauv daim duab peb sab fab! Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug ntawm lawv mates nyob rau hauv ib tug complex nkhaus nto! Ntxiv mus, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yog ua los ntawm high quality thiab precision.

Txhua tus kws tshaj lij uas ua haujlwm nrog pob zeb paub tias qhov no yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov khoom siv xws li granite. Nrog ntau lub sijhawm thiab kev siv zog, koj tuaj yeem txiav ib lub kaum sab hauv daim duab peb sab hauv koj lub workpiece. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, koj tsis muaj chaw rau qhov yuam kev thaum koj txiav tawm qhov seem. Ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov khoom siv lossis kev txav tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tseeb tias lub nti yuav tsis mus qhov twg koj tau npaj tseg.

Rice. 5 - zoo ntawm kev kho deg thiab cov duab ntawm cov ces kaum

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kuv xav kos koj cov xim rau qhov tseeb tias cov khoom no tsis yog ntawm granite xwb, tab sis ntawm polished granite nrog rau qhov zoo txaus ntawm kev kho deg.

Rice. 6 - zoo ntawm kev kho deg thiab cov duab ntawm cov ces kaum.

Qhov zoo no yog unattainable nrog phau ntawv ua. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom zoo li no, nrog rau cov npoo ncaj thiab cov ces kaum, cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau muab xauv thiab txav mus raws cov lus qhia.

Tab sis thaum kawm cov ntsiab lus no, kuv tau mob siab tsis yog ntau rau qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, tab sis yuav ua li cas cov ces kaum zoo li, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov sab hauv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib tug yam ntxwv rounding vojvoog, uas yog pom meej nyob rau hauv daim duab. 5i siv. 6. Yog tias cov khoom no raug txiav, cov ces kaum yuav muaj qhov sib txawv. Thiab cov duab zoo sib xws ntawm cov ces kaum sab hauv yog tau txais yog tias ib feem yog cam khwb cia, tsis txiav!

Lub tshuab casting zoo piav qhia tag nrho lwm cov qauv tsim ntawm lub ntsiab lus no, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov haum rau ib leeg, thiab cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm cov khoom, uas, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev tsim, yog qhov zoo dua. kab pheeb ces kaum seams los yog ib tug complex ib feem ntawm ntau lub ntsiab, uas inevitably yuav tsum tau tau thaum txiav.

Kuv pib nrhiav lwm cov pov thawj tias kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev no siv cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm "granite" (hauv kev nkag siab ntawm cov khoom siv zoo ib yam li granite). Nws muab tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tsev no, qhov no technology tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam qauv. Tshwj xeeb, lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, nrog rau lub sam thiaj ntawm ob lub qhov rooj uas kuv tau tshuaj xyuas, tau raug pov los ntawm "granite", tab sis tsis muaj "polishing".

Rice. 7 - cam khwb cia ntawm lub tsev General neeg ua haujlwm.

Rice. 8 - lwm qhov nkag nrog lub cam "jamb" thiab lub qab nthab.

Thaum kuaj xyuas lub hauv paus, kev saib xyuas yog kos rau qhov zoo ntawm "haum" ntawm ob sab ntawm lub hauv paus rau ib leeg, nrog rau qhov loj me me ntawm "blocks". Nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom txiav lawv cais hauv qhov chaw txua txiag zeb, xa lawv mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho thiab haum rau lawv ua ke kom meej. Yeej tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov blocks. Ntawd yog, lawv pom, tab sis thaum kev soj ntsuam ze dua nws pom tseeb tias cov seam tsuas yog nyeem tau los ntawm sab nraud, thiab tsis muaj qhov khoob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lawv - txhua yam yog ntim nrog cov khoom.

Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas qhia txog kev siv tshuab molding yog ua li cas lub qab nthab yog tsim!

Rice. 9 - lub sam thiaj pob zeb, cov kauj ruam tau ua tag nrho nrog cov khoom seem - tsis muaj seams!

Ib zaug ntxiv, peb pom cov duab peb sab sab hauv, txij li cov kauj ruam ntawm lub sam thiaj tau ua ib qho nrog cov khoom seem - tsis muaj qhov sib txuas! Yog hais tias xws li kev siv sij hawm siv sij hawm tuaj yeem piav qhia txog "jambs", vim qhov no yog "kev nthuav dav", ces carving lub sam thiaj los ntawm ib pob zeb ua ib thooj tsis muaj kev nkag siab txhua. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, dab tsi yog nthuav, muaj ib tug seam nyob rau hauv lwm sab ntawm lub qab nthab, uas, pom tau hais tias, yog piav los ntawm ib co technology nta ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm ib feem, uas tsis tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb.

Peb saib ib daim duab zoo sib xws ntawm qhov nkag thib ob, tsuas yog muaj lub sam thiaj muaj cov duab semicircular thiab tau muab pov tseg ua ib qho, uas tom qab ntawd muab qhov tawg rau hauv nruab nrab.

Rice. 11, 12 - qhov thib ob semicircular qab nthab. Cov kauj ruam kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb nrog cov sidewalls.

Rice. 13 - sab nraud ntawm lub sam thiaj semicircular, tsis muaj seams ntawm cov kauj ruam. Lawv yog molded raws li ib tug ib thooj nrog lub sidewalls ntawm lub qab nthab.

Tom qab ntawd, taug kev ncig St. Petersburg, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm Nevsky Prospect, kuv pom tias cov cuab yeej siv pob zeb casting tau siv thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho hauv ntau yam khoom. Ntawd yog, nws tau loj heev, thiab yog li pheej yig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub hauv paus ntawm ntau lub tsev, pedestals ntawm monuments, ntau lub ntsiab ntawm pob zeb embankments thiab txuas hniav tau nrum siv lub tshuab no.

Nws kuj tau muab tawm tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsev thiab cov tsev tsim tau raug pov tseg tsis yog los ntawm cov khoom siv zoo li granite. Yog li ntawd, kuv tau ua cov kev faib ua haujlwm hauv qab no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb pom.

1. Cov khoom siv "hom ib", zoo ib yam li granite, los ntawm lub hauv paus thiab porches ntawm General Staff lub tsev, cov ntsiab lus ntawm embankments, foundations ntawm ntau lwm lub tsev yog tsim, nrog rau cov khoom no tau siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub hauv paus, parapets thiab cov kauj ruam. nyob ib ncig ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral. Los ntawm txoj kev, Isaac cov kauj ruam muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li cov porches ntawm General Staff lub tsev - lawv tau ua los ntawm ib qho nrog ib qho loj ntawm sab hauv daim duab peb sab.

Rice. 14, 15 - parapets thiab porches nyob ib ncig ntawm St. Isaac lub Cathedral, cov kauj ruam yog ua raws li ib tug tag nrho nrog rau tag nrho cov ntsiab - tsis muaj seams.

2. Smooth polished granite "hom ob", los ntawm qhov "jambs" yog ua nyob rau ntawm qhov nkag ntawm General Staff lub tsev, nrog rau cov kab thiab St. Isaac's Cathedral. Kuv xav tias cov kab ntawv yog thawj cam khwb cia, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ua tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kuv xav kom koj tsis txhob mloog ntau ntau rau cov ntawv ntxig, uas tau tham ntau txog hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Alexei Kungurov, raws li txoj hauv kev uas lawv tau txuas rau hauv txhua kab. Feem ntau, nws tau pom meej tias cov khoom siv ntawm "mastic", uas tau siv los ua "kua nplaum", yuav luag zoo ib yam rau cov khoom ntawm sab hauv nws tus kheej, tab sis tsuas yog tsis muaj kev kho mob kawg ntawm sab nrauv, txij li thaum. nws yog nyob rau hauv lub seam. Txwv tsis pub, qhov no yog tib lub cib-xim muab tub lim, hauv cov xim dub, tawv granules pom meej meej. Qhov twg saum npoo ntawm txhua kab yog polished, cov granules tsim ib tus yam ntxwv mottled qauv.

Rice. 16, 17 - mastic uas cov "patches" yog glued yog tiag tiag tib yam khoom los ntawm cov kab lawv tus kheej yog tsim.

3. Txawm tias smoother "granite", "hom peb", los ntawm cov Atlantean cov duab yog cam khwb cia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev xav ntawm Alexei Kungurov tias lawv zoo tib yam tsis tau lees paub. Kuv txhob txwm muab cov duab thaij duab los ntawm qhov nws tuaj yeem pom tias txhua tus mlom muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me (puab ntawm cov ntaub qhwv), uas muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis thiab qhov tob.

Thaj, cov cuab yeej siv tau tso cai tsuas yog ib daim duab los ua pov thawj, ib qho qub ntawm ib lub sijhawm, yog li rau txhua qhov casting nws tus kheej tau tsim. Pom tau tias tus thawj yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv xws li siv quav ciab, uas yaj tawm ntawm pwm tom qab nws hardened.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kuv tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg me ntsis tias cov no raug pov tseg. Tsis txiav tawm cov duab. Qhov no tau pom meej meej ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cov ntiv taw, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv mating radii ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov ntsiab lus no yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem txiav los ntawm cov khoom nkig xws li granite, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim molded rau hauv cov duab.

Tab sis muaj lwm yam khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho uas siv tshuab no. Qhov no yog lub tsev ntawm Nevsky, qhov twg lub khw muag khoom Biblio-Globus tam sim no nyob (28 Nevsky Prospect). Nws yog tsim los ntawm polished blocks uas yog cam khwb cia siv raws nraim tib lub tshuab. Cov blocks no muaj cov duab zoo heev uas tsis tuaj yeem txiav los ntawm tes lossis nrog kev pab los ntawm cov txheej txheem niaj hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li kev soj ntsuam ze dua, nws pom meej meej tias cov ces kaum sab hauv muaj cov kab sib txuas uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov castings.

Polished granite blocks ntawm cov feem ntau cov duab, uas lub tsev ntawm 28 Nevsky Prospekt yog tsim.

Nws yog qhov ua tau tias muaj lwm qhov chaw tsim los siv cov cuab yeej no.

Rau cov khoom siv no, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nws muaj qhov smoother thiab zoo dua li cov khoom siv "hom ob" ntawm Isaac cov kab lossis "jambs" ntawm General Staff lub tsev. Pom tau tias qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias siv ntau homogeneous thiab muaj zog crushed muab tub lim. Ntawd yog, nws yog tom qab kev txhim kho casting tshuab.

4. Ib hom plaub uas zoo li marble. Yog hais tias koj mus los ntawm Iskaia mus rau lub palace square, yuav muaj ib lub tsev so, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov rooj uas muaj ob mirrored "marble" tsov ntxhuav. Lawv, thawj zaug, muaj cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis uas xav tau rau kev casting, tab sis yog qhov tsis tsim nyog kiag li yog tias nws tau kos los ntawm tus kws kos duab - ib lub pob zeb hauv qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus tsov ntxhuav txoj cai (yog tias koj sawv ntsug ntawm qhov nkag) muaj ib txoj hlua khi ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, uas qhia meej meej tias nws tau npog nrog cov khoom ua kua, uas tom qab ntawd khov. Zoo, dua, tus yam ntxwv radii nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ces kaum, uas ib tug duab puab carved nrog ib tug chisel yuav tsis muaj. Thaum cleaving, lub cutter yuav tawm ntawm ntug, dav hlau, thiab tsis yog radii.

Raws li kuv nkag siab nws, feem ntau ntawm cov sculptures "marble", nrog rau cov nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub vaj, tau ua los ntawm no technology, tsuas yog lawv tsis xav tau sprues, zoo li cov tsov ntxhuav.

5. Cov khoom siv "hom tsib", uas zoo ib yam li limestone, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hu ua "Pudost pob zeb", uas tau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm Kazan Cathedral. Kuv tsis lees paub tias hauv Kazan Cathedral tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua qhov uas tau muab los ntawm Pudost pob zeb, nws yog cov yas heev thiab yooj yim rau kev ua, zoo li tag nrho cov limestones. Tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw nws yog casting, qhov twg raw cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub pob zeb no yog siv los ua ib tug muab tub lim, yog pom tseeb. Lub porticoes uas kaw lub colonnades muaj cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab, uas yog haum nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws precision. Txiav thiab kho lawv nrog xws li precision los ntawm txhais tes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog noj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj, thiab yog li ntawd qhov hnyav ntawm blocks, yog tsis yooj yim sua. Tab sis thaum siv tshuab casting, qhov no tsis muaj teeb meem. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj heev, nws yuav pom tau hais tias ib co ntsiab yog technologically advanced rau casting, tab sis kiag li tsis technologically advanced thiab siv sij hawm heev rau kev txiav. Thiab nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw, kuv txawm tswj xyuas qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm tshuaj xyuas qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv streaks los yog ib feem ntawm npog li seams los yog tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub qub casting yog pom.

Sib sau cov ntaub ntawv rau tsab xov xwm, kuv mus rau lub official lub website ntawm lub Kazan Cathedral, qhov twg nyob rau hauv nplooj ntawv nrog rau cov keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho, ntawm ntau illustrations, kuv pom cov duab hauv qab no.

Yog tias koj saib ze, ces nyob rau hauv daim duab no peb pom ib daim ntawv rau casting ib kem, uas yog assembled los ntawm cov laug cam thiab khi nrog hlua. Ntawd yog, los ntawm daim duab no nws ua raws li cov kab ke thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho ntawm Kazan Cathedral tau tam sim ntawd cam khwb cia nyob rau hauv ib tug upright txoj hauj lwm!

Ntxiv mus, cov cuab yeej no tau siv tsis yog rau kev tsim kho ntawm Kazan Cathedral xwb. Kuv tau tswj xyuas kom pom tsawg kawg ib lub tsev ntxiv ntawm Nevsky, qhov chaw uas siv cov cuab yeej siv tib yam, ntawm 21 Nevsky Prospect, qhov twg lub khw Zara tam sim no nyob. Tab sis yog tias thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm Kazan Cathedral lawv tsuas yog siv cov khoom siv los ntawm cov chaw txua txiag zeb, cov xim uas yog heterogeneous, ces nyob rau hauv lub tsev no nws tau ntxiv tinted nrog qee yam xim tsaus.

Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kuv cov kev tshawb fawb me me, kuv nrhiav tau lwm yam khoom nthuav uas thaum kawg ntseeg kuv tias nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, casting technologies tau siv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li pob zeb, tshwj xeeb yog granite. Kuv lub tsev so nyob ib sab ntawm Lomonosov Street, uas nws yooj yim heev rau kev tawm mus rau Nevsky Prospekt mus rau cov tsev uas peb muaj kev sib tham ua haujlwm. Txoj kev Lomonosov hla tus dej Fontanka hla Lomonosov Choj, kev tsim kho uas kuj tau siv cov cuab yeej ntawm casting los ntawm granite, "hom ib" khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus choj no yog Ameslikas ib tug drawbridge thiab nws ib zaug muaj ib tug lifting mechanism, uas tau raug tshem tawm tom qab. Tab sis cov cim los ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab no tseem nyob rau niaj hnub no. Thiab cov kab no qhia meej tias cov khoom hlau uas ib zaug tuav cov qauv tau teeb tsa ib zaug raws li peb tam sim no kho cov ntsiab lus hlau hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub siv dag zog. Cov no yog cov hu ua "embedded elements" uas tau teeb tsa hauv pwm hauv qhov chaw zoo ua ntej nchuav cov tshuaj rau hauv nws. Thaum cov tshuaj hardens, cov khoom hlau yog ruaj ruaj nyob rau hauv ib feem.

Cov duab saum toj no qhia meej meej cov kab ntawm cov khoom embedded uas yog ib zaug ntsia rau hauv tus choj txhawb nqa thiab tuav lub lifting mechanism. Granite yog cov khoom siv tsis yooj yim, yog li ntawd, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom khawb qhov hauv nws zoo ib yam "daim duab peb sab" es tsis yog puag ncig, thiab txawm tias muaj cov npoo ntse. Tab sis, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, hammering tag nrho cov qhov nyuaj no tsuas yog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog tias cov qauv no tau tsim los siv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub, ces lwm txoj hauv kev yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua ntawm kev txuas cov khoom rau lub pob zeb yuav raug siv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho zoo sib xws los yog molding tshuab yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev raws li kev kho kom zoo nkauj facade. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kuv tau tshawb xyuas tshwj xeeb tias qhov no tsis yog gypsum, tab sis cov khoom siv tawv zoo ib yam li granite.

Nws yog qhov nthuav tias cov ntaub ntawv no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog "granites" hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv, pom tau zoo tshaj cov pob zeb niaj hnub. Lawv muaj zog dua, muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua qub, thiab feem ntau yuav tsis xav tau kev txhawb zog ntxiv. Txawm hais tias tom kawg tsuas yog kwv yees xwb. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias kev siv dag zog yog siv rau qhov twg, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum kawm tshwj xeeb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias pom qhov muaj zog ntxiv, qhov no yuav yog qhov kev sib cav muaj zog hauv kev pom zoo ntawm kev siv tshuab casting.

Raws li lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev, lub sijhawm no kuv tuaj txog qhov xaus tias cov thev naus laus zis no tau siv tsawg kawg kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab xyoo pua 19th. Tej zaum ntev dua, kuv tsuas yog tsis pom cov khoom uas yuav tau tsim thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th uas siv cov thev naus laus zis no. Kuv tseem tso siab rau qhov kev xaiv uas cov thev naus laus zis no tau ploj mus tag nrho thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1917 kiv puag ncig thiab kev ua tsov rog tom ntej.

Qee qhov kev sib cav tawm tsam kev txiav tshuab. Ua ntej, peb tsuas muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom pob zeb. Yog tias tag nrho cov no raug txiav, ces ua li cas? Cov cuab yeej twg? Rau kev txiav granite, cov qib nyuaj ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb alloyed steels yog xav tau. Koj yuav tsis ua ntau nrog cov cam khwb cia hlau lossis tooj dag. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav muaj ntau yam khoom siv zoo li no. Thiab qhov no txhais tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj kev lag luam muaj zog tag nrho rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej zoo li no, uas yuav tsum tau tsim ntau kaum, yog tias tsis yog ntau pua txhiab tus cutters sib txawv, chisels, punches, thiab lwm yam.

Lwm qhov kev sib cav yog tias txawm tias nrog kev siv cov tshuab niaj hnub thiab cov txheej txheem, peb tsis tuaj yeem cais cov khoom ntawm cov pob zeb, los ntawm qhov uas nws yuav ua rau tib lub Alexandrian kem lossis txhua kab ntawm Isaac. Nws tsuas yog zoo li cov pob zeb yog cov khoom monolith. Qhov tseeb, lawv muaj cov kab nrib pleb thiab ntau yam tsis xws luag. Hauv lwm lo lus, tsis muaj kev lees paub tias yog tias lub pob zeb zoo li khov rau peb sab nraud, ces nws tsis muaj qhov tawg ntawm sab hauv. Raws li, thaum sim txiav ib tug loj workpiece tawm ntawm lub pob zeb, nws muaj peev xwm phua vim nyob rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb los yog tsis xws luag, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yog qhov siab dua, qhov loj dua qhov workpiece peb xav tau. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev puas tsuaj no tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm sib cais ntawm lub pob zeb, tab sis kuj thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los thiab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Ntxiv mus, peb tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm ib puag ncig dawb paug ib zaug. Peb yuav tsum xub cais ib tug tej yam parallelepiped los ntawm lub pob zeb, uas yog, ua ca txiav, thiab tsuas yog ces txiav tawm cov ces kaum. Ntawd yog, cov txheej txheem no yooj yim heev, siv sijhawm ntau thiab nyuaj, txawm tias niaj hnub no, tsis hais txog 18th thiab 19th centuries, thaum, supposedly, tag nrho cov no yog ua los ntawm tes.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum kuv tshawb fawb me ntsis, kuv tuaj txog qhov xaus tias kev siv cov kab granite ua lub hauv paus rau kev txhawb nqa cov tsev nyob rau xyoo 18th thiab 19th hauv St. Petersburg yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ob lub tsev hauv Rossi (ib qho tam sim no yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ballet), tag nrho ntawm 400 kab yog siv !!! Nyob rau ntawm lub façade, kuv suav 50 kab, ntxiv rau tib kab nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub tsev, thiab ob kab ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub tsev nws tus kheej. Ntawd yog, peb muaj 200 kab hauv txhua lub tsev. Kev kwv yees kwv yees ntawm tag nrho cov kab hauv cov tsev nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Nevsky Prospekt thiab lub nroog nruab nrab, suav nrog cov tuam tsev, cov tsev teev ntuj thiab lub caij ntuj no Palace, muab tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm 5 txhiab granite txhua.

Hauv lwm lo lus, peb tsis cuam tshuam nrog tus kheej cov khoom tshwj xeeb, qhov twg, nrog qee qhov ncab, ib tus tuaj yeem xav tias lawv tau ua los ntawm kev quab yuam qhev. Peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam nplai ntawm kev tsim khoom, nrog kev siv tshuab loj. Ntxiv rau qhov no tseem muaj ntau pua mais ntawm cov pob zeb embankments, thiab nrog rau cov duab zoo heev thiab ua tiav zoo, thiab nws pom tseeb tias tsis muaj tub qhe yuam ua haujlwm tuaj yeem muab qhov ntim thiab ua haujlwm zoo nrog kev siv tshuab txiav.

Txhawm rau tsim thiab ua txhua yam no, thawj zaug, kev siv thev naus laus zis yuav tsum tau siv ntau heev. Qhov thib ob, rau qhov kawg ua tiav, kev kho qhov chaw kho tshuab yog siv, tshwj xeeb, tib Isaac cov kab lossis "jambs" ntawm General Staff lub tsev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau cov ntaub ntawv raw xav tau rau kev siv tshuab casting. Ntawd yog, pob zeb, pom tseeb, tau raug khawb hauv quarries ze lub nroog, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau crushed, uas txhais tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj pob zeb crushers nrog cov khoom tsim tau siab. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tsoo pob zeb ntau rau qhov xav tau sib xws manually. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kuv xav tias nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv lub zog ntawm cov dej rau cov hom phiaj no, uas yog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov pob zeb zeb zeb, uas, txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis., yuav tsum muaj ntau yam nyob ib puag ncig. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau lawv yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm.

Dmitry Mylnikov, Chelyabinsk

Kaum Ib Hlis 2013 - Plaub Hlis 2014