Tsar kub nyob hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal, thiab cov tub ceev xwm paub txog nws

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev tua ntawm zaj duab xis "Gold of the Empire" tau tiav hauv Buryatia. Lub premiere yog teem rau 2020, ua cim 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev paub tsis meej ntawm ploj mus ntawm ib feem ntawm Russia lub kub reserves.

Ib tug neeg uas tau tshawb xyuas lub ntsiab lus ntev ntev, tus kws sau keeb kwm Aleksey Tivanenko, tsis koom nrog kev npaj ntawm tsab ntawv, tus neeg sau xov xwm ntawm "NI" Irina Mishina xam phaj nws.

"Kolchak lub kub", uas tuaj rau Siberia thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, tau haunted historians thiab cov neeg yos hav zoov rau yuav luag ib puas xyoo. Raws li tsab ntawv, nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis los ntawm tus thawj coj Buryat Yuri Botoev, ib feem ntawm lub kub reserves ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yuav pom. Thiab qhov no, tej zaum, tsis deb ntawm qhov tseeb. Muaj Buryat ethnographer, archaeologist, hydronaut-tshawb nrhiav ntawm Lake Baikal, tus sau phau ntawv "Admiral's Golden Treasure", kws kho mob ntawm keeb kwm Sciences Alexei Vasilyevich Tivanenko- nws tus kheej version ntawm ploj mus ntawm kub cia ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Nws tau kawm txog lub ntsiab lus no txij li xyoo 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.

Archaeologist thiab historian Alexei Tivanenko suav hais tias yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ploj mus tsis meej ntawm ib feem ntawm cov kub cia ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws.

"NO": Alexey Vasilyevich, vim li cas thiaj nrhiav tau cov kub tuav hauv Siberia cuam tshuam nrog koj lub npe? Koj qhov kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov kub uas ploj lawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws pib li cas?

Alexey Tivanenko: Rov qab rau xyoo 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum kuv tab tom tsim ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov lus dab neeg hauv zos, kuv yuav tsum tau mus ncig ntau rau peb qhov chaw. Tham nrog cov neeg nyob hauv zos, kuv tau kawm txog kev sib tsoo ntawm ob lub tsheb ciav hlau nrog Dawb Czechs hauv kev tsov rog hauv zej zog. Cov neeg hais tias kub tau thauj hauv cov tsheb ciav hlau. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg tim khawv tseem muaj sia nyob uas nco qab tias lawv raug yuam kom dhia dej, nrhiav cov pob kub. Ib tug neeg nyob hauv pom kuv zoo li ib tug ingot - nws nkaum nws nyob rau hauv ib tug tub ntawm cabbage. Nws hais tom qab ntawd nws txawm raug hu mus rau OGPU, nug … "Hauv qab dej peb pom ntau lub thawv tawg thiab kub tuav," cov txiv neej laus hauv zos hais rau kuv. Lwm qhov ntawm cov kub tuav tau pom nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab ntawm ib tug neeg nyob hauv lub tsev ntawm Boyarskaya chaw nres tsheb. Tom qab ntawd kuv tau pib rov tsim kho cov xwm txheej ntsig txog keeb kwm ntawm kub cia ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv Siberia, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub pas dej Baikal. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tseem muaj sia nyob, nrog rau Admiral Kolchak thauj cov kub reserves ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman. Lawv qhia qhov tseeb tshaj plaws. Cov neeg ua pov thawj pom tau pab kho ntau yam, tshwj xeeb, qhov chaw uas lub tsheb ciav hlau nrog kub tuav tau poob."

"NI": Alexey Vasilyevich, koj tau koom nrog hauv kev sib tw hauv hiav txwv tob, poob rau hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal. Koj puas tau pom cov kab no koj tus kheej? Puas yog koj qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kwv yees tau lees paub?

Alexey Tivanenko: “Xwb, nyob rau hauv 2008-2009, raws li ib feem ntawm lub ntoj ke mus kawm, peb nqis mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej Baikal ntawm lub Mir-1 thiab Mir-2 tsheb. Peb pom lub tsheb ciav hlau poob. Cov khoom tawg ntawm lub tsheb, lub thawv, cov ntsia hlau … Ntawm qhov tob ntawm 800 meters, kuv pom 2 tuav, zoo ib yam li cov kub kub. Nws tsis tuaj yeem rho tawm lawv, lawv tau tsoo los ntawm pob zeb, tab sis peb tau thaij duab rau lawv. Cov cim nyiaj hauv tuam txhab yog pom ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws raws li qhov no hais tias cov tuav yog kub."

Cov duab thaij thaum lub sij hawm dhia dej hauv qab dej ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xav tias muaj qhov tshwm sim siab tias muaj cov kub kub nyob hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal. Yuav ua li cas tshem tawm lawv los ntawm rubble tseem yog ib lo lus nug.

"NI": Vim li cas qhov kub tsis zoo ntawm lub tebchaws Lavxias feem ntau hu ua "Kolchak kub"?

Alexey Tivanenko: "Hauv xyoo 1914-1917, thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1 thiab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv Russia pib, tsarist tsoom fwv txiav txim siab thauj tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis los ntawm lub peev lub tsev txhab nyiaj mus rau Kazan, deb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua tub rog. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov kub reserves nyob rau hauv Kazan. Tab sis txawm nyob rau ntawd nws tsis nyob twj ywm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau tshaj 500 tons ntawm tsarist kub tau ntes los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Cov Neeg Tub Rog, tsim los ntawm thawj tsoomfwv tawm tsam Bolshevik ntawm Russia - lub npe hu ua Samara tsoom fwv. Cov kub no tau raug xa mus rau Samara, tom qab ntawd thauj mus rau Ufa, thiab thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1918 mus rau Omsk, qhov chaw nws tau muab tso rau ntawm tsoomfwv Kolchak pov tseg. Rau 2 xyoos, tsoomfwv Kolchak siv 11 txhiab pob nyiaj kub. Nrog rau qhov kub no, pauv mus rau British, Suav, Asmeskas cov txhab nyiaj, Kolchak cov tub rog tau ua tub rog thiab tswj hwm thaj av. Tab sis tom qab ntawd qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Army tau pib, uas kov yeej Kolchak cov tub rog. Kolchak xav paub yuav ua li cas khiav kub. Nws yuav tsum thauj 15,500 pob kub. Thaum thauj cov kub, ib lub carriage mysteriously ploj mus. Tom qab ntawd lwm qhov kev nyiag khoom loj tau tshwm sim: Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Nyiaj Txiag los ntawm tsoomfwv Kolchak nyiag ib lub tsheb thauj khoom - muaj 44 lub thawv kub. Ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Novosibirsk, muaj kev sim nyiag 27 lub tsheb ntxiv. Cov Belochekhs, uas tseem nyob ntawm Kolchak sab, nyiag 7 lub tsheb ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nws tau paub tias 22 lub thawv kub tau raug nyiag los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm Kolchak lawv tus kheej. Cov tub sab zaum kawg tau tshwm sim nyob ze Irkutsk. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib xyaw nrog cov nyiaj khaws cia kub ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman raug ntes los ntawm Tub Rog Liab."

"NI": Nws paub tias ib feem ntawm "Tsar's kub" tseem mus rau Dawb Czechs. Nws tuaj txog li cas?

Alexey Tivanenko: Kolchak, qhov tseeb, tau rhuav tshem los ntawm huab tais kub. Kev sib tham tau pib ntawm cov lus txib ntawm White Czechs, uas txhawb nqa Kolchak cov tub rog, thiab cov lus txib ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Thib Tsib, uas tau hais rau sawv cev ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev. Tsoom fwv tshiab Soviet tau cog lus rau White Bohemians 2 wagons ntawm kub rau kev swb ntawm Kolchak. Lawv pom zoo. Thaum kawg, Russia muaj 13 wagons nrog kub tuav sab laug ntawm tsar lub reserves.

Admiral Kolchak, uas nws cov tub rog muaj nyob rau 2 xyoo thiab tau ua tub rog ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj khaws cia kub, tau los ua neeg raug tsim txom thiab raug tsim txom ntawm "tsarist kub".

Tom qab ntawd, Lenin tau xa xov tooj mus rau Siberia nrog kwv yees li cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: "Raws li tsis muaj kev lees paub tsis txhob cia echelons nrog Russia lub kub reserves sab hnub tuaj ntawm Lake Baikal! Ua rau tawg tunnels, txuas hniav, lwj cov lem! Derail chav locomotives, wagons! xwm txheej cia leej twg nyob ze ntawm lub wagons. !”. Tab sis hauv kev xyaum, qhov no tau dhau los ua tsis tau. Sab hnub tuaj ntawm Irkutsk, Tub Rog Liab tsis muaj zog loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib qho xwm txheej loj uas txiav txim siab txoj hmoo ntawm "kub huab tais". Ib tus neeg ua haujlwm xov tooj tau pom cov xov tooj ntawm ob lub tsheb ciav hlau nrog kub uas White Czechs npaj yuav txeeb. Tsis muaj tub rog quab yuam kom nres cov tsheb ciav hlau no, thiab Bolsheviks tau txiav txim siab ua kom av qeeg hauv ob qhov chaw. Lub pob zeb los nag poob rau ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau, thiab ib lub pob zeb uas poob los ntawm lub pob tsuas thawb lub tsheb ciav hlau mus rau hauv dej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Angara thiab Kutuluk chaw nres tsheb. Lub pob zeb thib ob tsoo lub tsheb ciav hlau nyob nruab nrab, lub tsheb ciav hlau tsis sib haum, ib feem ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau nrog kub mus rau hauv dej ze ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Baikal. Raws li kuv xam, tag nrho ntawm 11 wagons nrog kub reserves ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws poob rau hauv Baikal."

"NO": Koj puas tau tswj kom tau cov lus tim khawv los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze pom lub tsheb ciav hlau tawg?

Alexey Tivanenko: " Thaum nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 60s kuv tau tsim lub Slyudyanka Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Local Lore, cov neeg laus uas nyob ze ntawm Moritui chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv lub Irkutsk cheeb tsam hais tias: lawv pom yuav ua li cas lub tsheb ciav hlau mus nyob rau hauv dej, txawm qhia kuv qhov chaw no, thiab kuv nco ntsoov nws. Lawv hais tias cov thawv ntab hauv dej, thiab cov kub kub poob tawm ntawm lawv. Cov neeg nyob hauv zos tau yuam kom dhia dej kom tau txais cov khoom siv no. Txhua yam uas lawv tau tawm yog muab rau cov tub rog. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov ingots tseem nyob hauv dej."

"NI": Alexey Vasilyevich, puas yog leej twg txaus siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm tsar kub hauv peb lub sijhawm? Puas muaj kev sim ua kom tau nws? Thiab feem ntau, dab tsi yog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm Lavxias tam sim no rau lub ntsiab lus no?

Kev dhia dej hiav txwv tob mus rau hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal ntawm Mir bathyscaphe.

Alexey Tivanenko: " Kuv tau tshaj tawm kuv cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb pom, cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus rau Kremlin. Tom qab ntawd, Aleksey Kudrin, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm Minister of Finance, tau nqis los rau hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal. Sergey Mironov, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Sab Laj, tseem poob rau hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal. Thiab ces Vladimir Putin kuj tuaj. Muaj tseeb, raws li nws tus tuav ntaub ntawv xov xwm tau hais tias, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus hiav txwv qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob ntawm Vladimir Vladimirovich tsis yog mus nrhiav kub, tab sis mus kawm txog purity thiab tob ntawm Lake Baikal. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, Putin txawm li cas los xij qhia cov kws tshawb fawb dej hiav txwv los kawm txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov pob zeb nyob hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb, raws li kuv paub, tsis tau npaj ib qho twg. Cov khoom siv rau kev dhia dej hiav txwv tob "Mir-1" thiab "Mir-2" ua haujlwm hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal txog xyoo 2010, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tau muab rau tus thawj coj thiab tus kws sau ntawv James Kemeron rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab "Titanic". Hmoov tsis zoo, cov khoom siv tsis raug txiav txim thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yaj kiab."

"NI": Puas yog nws ua tau tias tom qab ua haujlwm ntawd raug tso tseg thiab tsis muaj cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Russia uas tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal thiab nrhiav cov kub cia ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws?

Alexey Tivanenko: "Tus kws tshawb fawb-oceanologist Artur Chilingarov tau tso tseg ua haujlwm hauv 2010. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no radars qhia txog qhov loj ntawm cov hlau nyob hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal. Tseem tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais tias cov cuab yeej muaj zog ntau dua rau kev tshawb fawb hauv hiav txwv tob tau raug liam tias tau tsim nyob hauv Suav teb. Tab sis kuv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxiv ".

"NI": Alexey Vasilyevich, dab tsi yog paub txog txoj hmoo ntawm qhov kub ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, uas yog ib feem plundered, ib nrab muab tso rau hauv txawv teb chaws lub tsev txhab nyiaj?

Alexey Tivanenko: "Kolchak muab nyiaj ntau ntawm Lavxias teb sab nyiaj rau cov tsev txhab nyiaj Japanese. Raws li kuv paub, tsoomfwv Soviet tau thov rau qhov no, thiab tom qab ntawd Lub Xeev Duma thov rau sab Nyij Pooj. Cov lus teb rau tsoom fwv Soviet los ntawm Nyiv tuaj ib yam dab tsi zoo li no: "Qhov no, lawv hais tias, tsis yog koj kub, tab sis lub kub cia ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, uas tsis muaj lawm." Tom qab ntawd cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau hu ua kev hloov pauv ntawm ib feem ntawm Kuril Islands tuaj rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nyiaj khaws cia kub mus rau tebchaws Russia. Tau kawg, tsoomfwv Soviet teb tsis zoo rau qhov no. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 2011, Lub Xeev Duma, ntawm qhov kev tawm tswv yim ntawm A. Chilingarov thiab M. Slepenchuk, tau xa cov lus nug txog "tsar's kub" mus rau Nyiv Lub Xeev Bank. Tab sis Lub Xeev Duma tseem tsis tau txais cov lus teb los ntawm qhov ntawd mus txog hnub no.

Cov Belochekhs tau tawm ib feem ntawm cov nyiaj khaws cia kub ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, lawv tau txais nws los ntawm kev pauv rau "kev tso siab" ntawm Kolchak rau Red Army. Lawv pov tseg ntawm Lavxias teb sab kub, ib tug yuav hais tias, logically. Nws tau raug xa mus rau tsoomfwv ntawm lub tebchaws, thiab tsim ib qho tshwj xeeb "Legion Bank". Nrog rau cov nyiaj no, Czechs tau txhawb nqa kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw Lavxias rau txog 18 xyoo”.

"NI": Alexey Vasilyevich, koj puas tau caw los ua tus kws pab tswv yim lossis tus kws sau ntawv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Yuri Botoev ntawm zaj duab xis txog Kolchak kub?

Alexey Tivanenko: " Koj paub, kuv xub kawm txog zaj movie no los ntawm koj. Tsis yog, tsis muaj leej twg caw kuv, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv Siberia kuv raug suav hais tias yog ib tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kub tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Tej zaum lawv tau coj kom zoo dua ntawm kuv tej hauj lwm thiab phau ntawv. Xyoo 2009, kuv tau luam tawm hauv Chita phau ntawv "Secrets of the Baikal Depths", thiab hauv 2012 hauv Ulan-Ude lwm phau ntawv kuv tau luam tawm - "Tus Admiral's Golden Treasure". Ua ntej ntawd, ob tug neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab tuaj rau kuv - los ntawm TV channel "Russia-1" thiab los ntawm "Russia Hnub no". Peb tau mus rau qhov chaw uas cuam tshuam nrog kub kub, kuv tau muab kev xam phaj … Tom qab ntawd kuv feem ntau pom cov kev txhaj tshuaj no hauv TV. REN TV tus tswv tsev Anna Chapman tau siv lawv tsis ntev los no."

"NI": Alexey Vasilyevich, kom ua siab ncaj, koj puas ntseeg tias muaj peev xwm tau txais cov kub kub los ntawm qab ntawm Lake Baikal? Lossis cov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no tso kev cia siab?

Alexey Tivanenko: " Kuv xav tias nws yog kuv lub neej txoj haujlwm. Tam sim no muaj ib txoj hauv kev kom paub seb puas muaj kub nyob hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal lossis tsis nyob ntawd. Muaj cov sensors uas kuaj pom muaj cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tob. Kuv tau hais kom txiav qhov, muab cov cuab yeej no tso rau hauv qhov ntawd thiab txiav txim siab tsawg kawg yog cov chaw uas muaj cov hlau txuas ntxiv hauv dej ntawm Lake Baikal. Tab sis kuv cov lus thov tseem tsis tau teb - ob qho tib si ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws thiab ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog … ".