Kev faib ntawm Russia: ciam teb thiab lub peev ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Raws li lub reconstruction ntawm lub chronology nqa tawm los ntawm A. T. Fomenko thiab G. V. Nosovsky, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, Russia tau txuas mus rau plaub lub teb chaws thiab suav nrog thaj chaw ntawm Eurasia, North Africa thiab ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm thaj chaw ntawm North thiab South America.

Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov thawj coj ntawm lub xeev tshiab tsim nyob rau hauv nws cov qub thaj chaw pib rov sau keeb kwm. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob rau leej twg - ntau tus tau siv rau nws, vim hais tias keeb kwm tau rov sau dua ntau zaus hauv peb lub sijhawm, thiab tseem rov sau dua ntxiv.

Kev txhais cov keeb kwm uas cov tub ceev xwm xav tau yog lub cuab yeej muaj zog rau kev tswj hwm kev nco qab ntawm tib neeg. Cov thawj coj tshiab minted ntawm yav dhau los thaj chaw ntawm Russia yeej xav tsis nco qab txog lawv txoj haujlwm subordinate yav dhau los thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, lawv xav zais qhov xwm txheej ntawm lawv txoj kev los rau lub hwj chim. Tom qab tag nrho, kev sib cais ntawm ib lub teb chaws tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov thawj coj raug cai.

Txhawm rau muab qhov pom tseeb ntawm lub hwj chim tshiab, Scaligerian keeb kwm yuav tsum tau tsim ib zaj dab neeg txog "Mongol-Tatar" conquest ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas tau lees tias qhov no yog qhov tseeb tiag, thiab peb xa cov neeg nyiam mus rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm "Peb tshem tawm cov nqi tawm tsam Mongol-Tatars …", "Dab tsi yog them los ntawm Tatar-Mongol yoke?"

Xav tias feem coob ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom "Mongol-Tatars" yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov caj ces ntawm Rus thiab lawv hais lus Lavxias, nws tseem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ciam teb ntawm Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 16th siv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua daim ntawv qhia txog dab tsi cov dab neeg dab neeg los ntawm keeb kwm tau txaj muag ua. A. T. Fomenko thiab G. V. Nosovsky ua qhov no hauv nws phau ntawv "Caliph Ivan" [1]. Lawv coj ob daim duab qhia chaw ntawm cov neeg keeb kwm Scaligerian: 1260 (Fig. 1) thiab 1310 (Fig. 2) thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov duab qhia chaw, qhia txog lub teb chaws Ottoman "Mongol-Tatars" nyob rau hauv cov xim tsaus nti (Fig. 3).

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Nws tau los ua ib tug faj tim teb chaws raws li ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th.

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Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tsim ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab sau tseg qhov tseeb nthuav - cov keeb kwm Scaligerian qhia nrog cov xub ntxiv ua ntej ntawm "Tatar-Mongols" mus rau Western Europe, Egypt, India, Nyiv, Malaysia, Thaib, Nyab Laj, Burma, Indonesia, tab sis. lawv ceev faj txwv lawv tus kheej rau qhov no! Muaj cov xub trekking, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov trek no tsis tuaj. Zoo li, tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tshwj xeeb. Xws li kev ceev faj yog qhov nkag siab heev, vim tias yog tias qhov txiaj ntsig no tau npaj rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, ces nws yuav ua tau zoo heev. Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm A. T. Fomenko thiab G. V. Nosovsky nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, lub teb chaws Ottoman kuj suav nrog thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm North thiab South America. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kov yeej yog qhia hauv daim duab 4.

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Muaj ntau qhov tseeb lees paub qhov muaj nyob ntawm Russia, loj heev los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nws tsis paub me ntsis, tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb tias Fabkis cov vajntxwv tau cog lus rau hauv phau ntawv dawb ceev sau ua lus qub Slavonic, thiab lub nroog Yeluxalees yawg suab tau nthuav qhia Charlemagne nrog tus ntoo khaub lig inscribed nrog Lavxias teb sab inscriptions [1].

Lwm qhov piv txwv zoo heev tau muab rau hauv phau ntawv los ntawm A. T. Fomenko thiab G. V. Nosovsky "Lub Tatar-Mongol yoke: leej twg kov yeej leej twg." Kev ncua deb ntawm lub nroog ntawm Russia - lub nroog ntawm Vladimir - mus rau ntau lub nroog thiab lub nroog ntawm tam sim no lwm lub xeev, thiab yav dhau los tus thawj tswj hwm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub colonies ntawm Russia, ua raws li ib tug tej yam qauv.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txiav txim seb yam li niaj zaus yog pom nyob rau hauv lub deb ntawm lub peev ntawm Russia mus rau lub "chaw nyob hauv cheeb tsam", cia peb muab peb tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov khau ntawm cov conquerors. Tab sis ua ntej ua qhov no, peb nco ntsoov ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb - theem ntawm kev vam meej kev vam meej ntawm thaj chaw annexed tau qis dua qib ntawm Russia (qee lub tebchaws tsis tau nyob hauv), yog li peb, raws li cov neeg kov yeej, yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb loj ntawm peb tus kheej..

Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig zoo li no, nws yuav tsim nyog los tso cov chaw ntawm cov thawj coj tshiab raws li kev lag luam tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Russia (Fig. 5). Thiab yog li ntawd nws tau ua tiav.

Qhov kev ncua deb no tau raug xaiv vim yog tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus zoo hauv kev lag luam, xa ntawv, thiab lwm yam.

Ntau lub nroog pw ntawm ob lub voj voog nrog qhov chaw hauv nroog Vladimir (Fig. 6).

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Thawj lub voj voog nrog lub vojvoog ntawm 1800 km. Cov nroog hauv qab no nyob rau ntawm nws: Oslo, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Bratislava, Belgrade, Sofia, Istanbul thiab Ankara. Lub voj voog thib ob nrog lub vojvoog ntawm 2400 km. Nws nyob hauv London Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels, Luxenburg, Bern, Geneva, Rome, Athens, Nicosia, Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, Tehran. Thiab dab tsi yog qhov raug, yog tias koj coj ib qho ntawm cov npe hauv nroog tshwj tsis yog Vladimir thiab ua nws qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Russia, ces tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim.

Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias lub npe ntawm lub nroog Vladimir muaj lub ntsiab lus tseeb - "Cov tswv ntawm lub ntiaj teb".

Kev dag ntawm keeb kwm

Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Russia mus rau hauv me me xeev, cov tshiab European tub ceev xwm pib dag lawv cov keeb kwm, thiab lawv henchmen nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab xeev - lub Romanovs - pib rov sau keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab. Qhov kev dag yog tag nrho. Cov neeg European tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov thawj coj thiab cov lus tshiab, nthuav tawm lawv txoj kev koom tes rau kev txhim kho kev vam meej, hloov npe lossis hloov pauv cov npe ntawm thaj chaw. Cov neeg Lavxias, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau pib xav txog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, cov phau ntawv uas muaj cov dab neeg tseeb raug rhuav tshem, thiab hloov pauv lawv ua cuav, kab lis kev cai thiab kev kawm raug cuam tshuam thiab rhuav tshem. Cov npe ntawm thaj chaw paub txog Lavxias pob ntseg los ntawm Tebchaws Europe tsiv mus rau thaj chaw deb ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia. Thiab qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog tag nrho. Nov yog qee qhov qhia tau tseeb.

Cov vaj ntxwv ntawm cov teb chaws Europe tau raug sau tawm ntawm Russia

Xav txog qhov xwm txheej: lub teb chaws Ottoman tau raug rhuav tshem, tshiab thiab, raws li lawv hais tam sim no, "tsib tes" cov tub ceev xwm hauv thaj chaw tawg. Lawv yuav tsum qhia dab tsi rau cov tiam tshiab? Qhov tseeb? Tsis yog, peb tus kheej txaj muag nco ntsoov tias lawv nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm subordinate thiab tsis tau los kav raws li txoj cai. Peb yuav tau tsim lub neej yav dhau los rau peb tus kheej. Thiab yeej zoo heev. Pib nrog, lawv tuaj nrog cov thawj coj. Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws yog coj los ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm kev tswj hwm dynasties ntawm Russia thiab, ntawm lawv lub hauv paus, tsim cov dab neeg cuav ntawm lawv cov huab tais thiab vaj, tab sis tsuas yog nrog cov npe sib txawv thiab nrog cov xwm txheej hauv lub neej khi rau cov xwm txheej ntawm cov vaj ntxwv. cov xeev tshiab.

Qhov no yog li cas West European Habsburg dynasty tau tshwm sim, uas tau sau tawm los ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm Tsars-Khans ntawm Russia ntawm 13-16 centuries. Cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm qhov yooj yim dynastic parallelism yog muab rau hauv [1]. Peb yuav kaw peb tus kheej rau ob daim duab kos los ntawm phau ntawv saum toj no. Daim duab 7 qhia tau hais tias "cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm Lavxias-Horde dynasty ntawm 13-16 centuries thiab Habsburg dynasties ntawm 13-16 centuries."

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Daim duab 8 qhia tias "kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev kav ntawm Lavxias-Horde vajntxwv-khas ntawm lub Great = "Mongolian" Empire ntawm 13-16th centuries thiab cov kav ntawm Habsburg Empire ntawm 13th-16th centuries." Txhawm rau kom paub txog "dynastic clones" qhov no txaus txaus. Tab sis cov phau ntawv kuj muaj cov cim repetitions nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej ntawm clones thiab lawv prototypes.

Gothic yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab style

Ib qho nthuav metamorphosis ntawm architectural style tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Nyob rau hauv [1] nws yog qhia hais tias nrog los mus rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv Russia ntawm lub Romanovs, muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv architectural styles. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv qhia tau muab tso rau "zoo li qub Lavxias teb sab". Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no cov tswv yim hais txog dab tsi Russia zoo li ua ntej lub xyoo pua 17th yog nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev tsis ncaj ncees lawm.

Tam sim no peb paub tseeb tias lub tsev teev ntuj ib txwm muaj raws nraim li peb pom nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm: ib lub tsev me me uas yuav luag lub ru tsev tiaj tus, los ntawm ib qho lossis ntau dua domed nruas. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm "zoo saib" ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Lavxias teb sab yog lub tsev teev ntuj Nikolskaya nyob rau hauv lub monastery Nikolo-Uleimensky ze Uglich (Fig. 9).

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Cov pawg ntseeg zoo li no txawv ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm Western Europe (piv txwv li, Gothic Cologne Cathedral, Fig. 10). Qhov kev sib txawv no tau cog qoob loo.

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Nws yog qhov zoo rau cov neeg dag ntawm keeb kwm, txij li lawv xav tau los qhia tias tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Russia thiab Europe.

Txawm li cas los xij, A. T. Fomenko thiab G. V. Nosovsky [1] hais txog qhov tseeb uas qhia tau hais tias kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua 17th, lub ntsiab architectural style nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov European lub xeev, yog lub Gothic architectural style. Qhov kev ua xyem xyav no tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv lawv thaum kawm cov qub architecture ntawm pawg ntseeg ntawm lub nroog nto moo Lavxias teb sab Uglich.

Nws tau pom tias tag nrho cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub nroog, nrog rau ib qho kev zam, tau rov tsim dua lossis rov tsim dua tshiab tsis pub dhau lub xyoo pua 17th. Lub remake muaj ib daim ntawv paub rau peb (Fig. 9).

Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog lub tsev teev ntuj nto moo ntawm St. Alexei, Metropolitan ntawm Moscow hauv Alexeevsky Monastery. Nws ntseeg hais tias nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1482 thiab tseem nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv - ib lub tsev nrog ib tug siab gable ru tsev, nyob rau hauv uas peb towers-spiers nce (Fig. 11, Fig. 12). Qhov zoo sib xws ntawm architectural style ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no nrog lub Cologne Cathedral yog striking (Fig. 10).

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Ib lo lus nug tsim nyog tshwm sim: muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, 17th caug xyoo thiab tom qab ntawd, ib yam nkaus, tab sis cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm xyoo pua 16 nyob qhov twg? Puas yog lawv tsis tsim ib yam dab tsi rau 100 xyoo, lossis lawv puas tau poob "los ntawm lawv tus kheej"? Qhov tseeb yog tias lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Metropolitan Alexei yog lub tsev teev ntuj loj ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, ib qho loj tshaj plaws hauv Uglich txog tam sim no. Tau tsim lub tsev teev ntuj zoo li no nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, Uglians yuav tsum tsim ib yam dab tsi hauv xyoo pua 16th! Qhov tseeb tiag, qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim tias tag nrho cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm Uglich nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th tau rov tsim dua tshiab, thiab tsuas yog lub Koom Txoos ntawm Metropolitan Alexei, los ntawm txoj hmoo, nyob twj ywm thiab tam sim no yog "dub yaj" ntawm cov remake.

Hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm lawv qhov kev xav, cov kws sau phau ntawv [1] muab cov piv txwv hauv qab no, uas lawv tig mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj qub qub Lavxias teb sab Nikolo-Uleimensky ze Uglich. Muaj ob lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ntawd. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub tsev teev ntuj qub ntawm qhov kev taw qhia (daim duab 13, daim duab 14).

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Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov tshiab, "feem ntau ancient Lavxias teb sab", lub qub yog ib lub tsev nrog ib tug gable ru tsev, uas zoo li lub Gothic style. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, ib tug "quadruple" tau ntxiv rau nws thiab ib tug tswb pej thuam tau ua rau.

Muaj kev xav paub meej tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, feem ntau ntawm cov qub Lavxias teb sab-Horde pawg ntseeg tau rov tsim kho raws li kev hloov kho "Greek qauv". Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau hais tias yog li ntawd.

Hauv qee qhov chaw hauv Russia, los ntawm inertia, lawv txuas ntxiv tsim Gothic cathedrals txawm mus txog rau xyoo pua 18th. Piv txwv li, lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peter thiab Paul nyob rau hauv Yaroslavl (Fig. 15), ntaus nqi rau xyoo 1736-1744.

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Ib lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim tsa zoo ib yam hauv lub zos Poiseevo hauv cheeb tsam Aktanysh ntawm Republic of Tatarstan (Fig. 16).

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Tab sis thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv lub Romanovs, lub Gothic style twb supplanted thiab tsis nco qab lawm. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm hom no tau raug rhuav tshem thiab rov tsim kho dua tshiab, lossis sim hloov lawv cov tsos nrog txuas ntxiv, lossis hloov kho rau lwm yam kev xav tau. Piv txwv li, tsev neeg. Ib qho piv txwv zoo yog lub tsev qub ntev ntev nrog lub ru tsev gable, sawv hauv New Simonov Monastery hauv Moscow (Daim duab 17), uas nyob rau xyoo pua 19th tau siv los ua lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws.

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Nws architecture raws nraim qhov zoo ntawm cov qub Lavxias teb sab pawg ntseeg-tsev. Tej zaum qhov no yog lub qub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub monastery.

Lwm cov piv txwv ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj hauv Gothic architectural style:

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- Lub tsev teev ntuj qub Lavxias nyob hauv lub zos Bykov (Fig. 18);

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- Tshiab St. Nicholas Cathedral nyob rau hauv Mozhaisk Fortress nyob rau hauv 1814 (Fig. 19);

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- Lub tsev teev ntuj qub hauv Luzhetsky monastery ntawm Mozhaisk, uas tej zaum kuj zoo li lub tsev Gothic (Daim duab 20);

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- Mosque hauv Starye Kiyazly, koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan (Fig. 21);

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- Ib lub mosque hauv Nizhnyaya Oshma, koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan (Fig. 22).

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Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov xaus ntawm lub ntsiab lus no, peb yuav muab ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev sib tham ntawm cov style ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab German pawg ntseeg. Daim duab 23 qhia lub tsev teev ntuj German Clementskirche hauv Mayenne, ze Bonn.

Nws lub dome yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm spirals twisting upward. Lub dome ntawm cov duab no ntseeg tau tias tau tsim los ntawm 1350 thiab 1360. Yog vim li cas rau xws li ib tug tsim ntawm lub dome yog ruaj tsis nco qab lawm, thiab es tsis txhob ntawm lawv ib zaj dab neeg tau invented txog dab ntxwg nyoog uas twisted no pej thuam nyob rau hauv ib tug corkscrew.

Raws li cov kws sau ntawv [1], qhov tseeb, ntawm no peb tau ntsib nrog cov qub style ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Horde architecture ntawm 14-16 centuries. Yog hais tias peb piv lub dome ntawm lub German Clementskirche nrog cov kauv domes ntawm St. Basil's Cathedral nyob rau hauv Moscow (Fig. 24), ces peb yuav tam sim ntawd to taub hais tias ntawm no thiab muaj tib style.

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Minaret yees dai kom zoo nkauj nrog spirals kuj tseem muaj sia nyob nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab Asia …

Lub cev yog ib qho cuab yeej Lavxias

Scaligerian historians pleev xim rau cov duab ntawm ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug txiv neej tsis zoo nyob rau hauv khau khiab thiab pob ntseg. Nws mus yam tsis tau hais tias tsis muaj kev hais lus ntawm cov kab lis kev cai siab dav dav thiab suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb. Txhua yam uas tau muab rau peb yog kev seev cev yooj yim nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, kev qias neeg thaum ub, lub tambourine, diav, squeaky squeak ntawm cov kav dej thiab strumming ntawm balalaika, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav - gusli. Tag nrho cov no yog infinitely deb ntawm lub exquisite Versailles nrog lace, nkauj laus ncas thiab lub cev.

Qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis yog qhov xwm txheej. Siv lub cev, piv txwv li. Ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm Romanovs nyob rau hauv Russia, lub cev yog ib tug dav siv, tab sis nrog lawv los mus rau lub hwj chim, kev tawm tsam pib tawm tsam Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam - lub cev raug txwv. Thiab tom qab hloov Peter kuv nrog ob npaug, tag nrho kev tshem tawm ntawm lub cev txawm tias los ntawm Lavxias tsev neeg lub neej pib!

Cia peb tig mus rau cov lus tim khawv ntawm kev kawm ntawm "kev coj noj coj ua huv", uas hais txog AT. Fomenko thiab G. V. Nosovsky hauv nws phau ntawv [1].

Xyoo 1711, "A Journey through Muscovy to Persia thiab India" los ntawm Dutch traveler Cornelius de Bruin, uas tau mus rau Moscow hauv 1700, tau luam tawm hauv Amsterdam. Ib txhij nrog nws, Italian Philip Balatri nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas "ua rau nws xav tsis thoob, pom tias ntau lub tsev muaj lub cev ntawm tus qauv tsim, tab sis rau qee yam lawv tau muab zais rau hauv txee. Tom qab ntawd nws muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau: Peter txwv lawv raws li ib tug keeb kwm ntawm ancient Russia. Lub jester Shansky lub tshoob nyob ze Kozhukhov nyob rau hauv 1697 yog yuav luag lub xeem Moscow pej xeem Success nrog 27 lub cev …".

Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj ob nqe lus ntxiv los ntawm [1].

“Lub suab paj nruag ua rau tsis muaj kev xav tsawg. De Bruyne tuaj yeem hnov nws nyob txhua qhov chaw - oboists, horn players, timpani-cov neeg ua si hauv kev tsim tub rog thiab thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam, tag nrho cov suab paj nruag ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej mus txog rau lub cev ntawm lub rooj vag triumphal, ntawm txoj kev thiab hauv tsev, thiab thaum kawg, qhov amazingly harmonious suab ntawm hu nkauj ensembles. Tsis yog ib hnub so hauv Muscovy tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj nws."

"… nrog rau kev tsim ntawm St. Petersburg, tus naj npawb ntawm organists ntawm dawb musicians sharply txo. Tseem muaj cov organists nyob rau hauv Moscow, thiab yuav luag tsis muaj organists nyob rau hauv St. Kev zam thiab tus kheej saj ntawm Peter kuv tau ua lawv txoj hauj lwm, kev tuag ntawm cov laus, zoo heev tsim Kremlin lub cev thiab harpsichord Rhiav nyob rau hauv Moscow hluav taws ntawm 1701 muaj ib tug nyhuv. Lawv tsis rov qab los - Peter muaj qhov sib txawv rau kev tsim kho ntawm Kremlin. Tsis muaj leej twg pib coj lub rooj cob qhia tshiab. Tsawg tus kws ntaus nkauj tau dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm Moscow lub tshav puam. Kev poob hauj lwm? Kev txom nyem nce toj? Nws tsis yog li nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm lwm hom kev suav nyiaj rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog - ua tib zoo sau npe thiab them se deeds ntawm kev muag khoom thiab kev yuav khoom. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tau tshwm sim: organists tau hloov lawv txoj haujlwm …"

Thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob, cov kabmob tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm thiab lawv tau rov qab tshaj tawm tias tsuas yog Western European tsim …

Lub teb chaws Yelemees yog Great Perm

Cia peb rov muab peb tus kheej tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm keeb kwm falsifiers uas tab tom sim zais qhov zoo yav dhau los ntawm Russia.

Lub teb chaws Ottoman tau tawg, thiab ntau lub npe ntawm lub nroog thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev tawg suab nrov hauv Lavxias thiab tau dhau los ua kom ruaj khov nyob rau hauv annals. Yuav ua li cas? Nws muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem tag nrho cov keeb kwm thiab txwv tsis pub siv cov npe qub ntawm cov xeev nyob sab Europe. Puas muaj txiaj ntsig? Tsis yog - nws yog ntev thiab laborious. Nws yooj yim dua los coj lub npe zoo, ua ib qho kos npe nrog cov lus "lub nroog N" thiab muab tso rau hauv qee qhov roob moj sab qhua, tshaj tawm tias nws ib txwm ua li no. Thiab cov Europeans lawv tus kheej yuav zoo siab tsis nco qab txog lub hwj chim ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Thiab yog li ntawd lawv tau ua. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev dag ntxias ntawm thaj chaw thaj chaw cuam tshuam tsis yog tsuas yog "Mongols" nrog Mongolia, uas tau txav ntawm daim ntawv mus rau Suav ciam teb. Hauv [2], cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav tau muab qhia txog thaj chaw twg tau hu ua Great Perm.

Keeb kwm feem ntau hais txog thaj av Perm, uas tau tshaj tawm tias qhov no yog lub xeev muaj zog tub rog, nplua nuj heev. Nws nyob ze Ugra. Ugra yog Hungary hauv Old Russian. Hauv Lavxias, Ugrami yog lub npe rau cov neeg uas hais lus Finno-Ugric. Hauv keeb kwm ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab, tsuas yog ib tus tub rog muaj zog Ugric lub xeev paub - qhov no yog Hungary. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub Perm av yog thaum kawg annexed rau Russia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th.

Phau ntawv [2] muab cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg hauv qab no me ntsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm niaj hnub no: "Cov Novgorodians, ua tub rog-kev lag luam tawm tsam rau thaj av Ugra los ntawm thaj av Permian … Nosovsky thiab Fomenko) them tribute. Txij li thaum xyoo pua 13th, thaj av Perm tau hais tas li ntawm Novgorod volosts. Novgorod "cov txiv neej" sau tribute nrog kev pab los ntawm centurions thiab cov txwj laus los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos; cov princes hauv zos txuas ntxiv mus, tuav ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ywj pheej … kev ntseeg ntawm thaj av tau ua los ntawm Npis Sov Stephen ntawm Perm (hauv 1383 … nws nrhiav tau lub Perm diocese, sau cov tsiaj ntawv rau Zyryans)."

"Hauv 1434 Novgorod raug yuam kom muab tso rau hauv kev pom zoo ntawm Moscow ib feem ntawm nws cov nyiaj tau los ntawm thaj av Perm … Nyob rau hauv 1472, Great Perm tau koom nrog Moscow …."

Yog li ntawd, lub Perm av muaj nws tus kheej princes, uas yog ywj siab sovereigns mus txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 15th. Nws muaj nws tus npis sov thiab nws tus kheej cov tsiaj ntawv tshwj xeeb.

Thiab cov kws sau keeb kwm Scaligerian qhia peb li cas? Lub Great Soviet Encyclopedia qhia tias: "Perm av yog lub npe nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm ntawm ib ncig ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm lub Urals raws tus dej Kama, Vychegda thiab Pechora, nyob rau hauv cov neeg Komi (nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm - Perm, Perm, thiab kuj Zyryans)."

Ua ntej, cov neeg Komi nyob raws tus dej Kama (Komi thiab Kama yog tib lo lus hauv paus) tsis hu lawv tus kheej Perm lossis Zyryans! Cov npe no tau raug xa mus rau Komi twb nyob hauv Romanovs. Qhov tseeb yog lub nroog Perm mus txog rau xyoo 1781 tsuas yog ib lub zos thiab hu ua … Yegoshikha! Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, lub zos Yegoshikha tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 17th. Lub npe Perm tau muab rau Yegoshikha tsis ntev tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm "Pugachev revolt", uas qhov tseeb yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li kev tsov rog ntawm Muscovy thiab Great Tartary, tom qab ntawd lub Great Tartary tau tso tseg thiab nco txog nws raug rhuav tshem. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo raws li Perm - 1781 - Vyatka tshwm sim, tab sis qhov no yog ib lub ntsiab lus rau ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib zaj dab neeg …

Qhov thib ob, cov ntawv sau saum toj no hais tias "cov neeg Komi tsis muaj lawv tus kheej cov lus sau." Raws li lwm qhov chaw, rau kev pe hawm nyob rau hauv cov lus Komi nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, ib tug sau raws li cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic, tab sis tsis yog cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm Stephen ntawm Perm! Cov tsiaj ntawv mus qhov twg thiab yog vim li cas tsis muaj ib tug nyob ntawd nco txog tus enlightener Stephen? Yog lawm, tsis muaj cov tsiaj ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv Yegoshiha Stefan, tab sis ntxiv rau hauv qab no.

Qhov thib peb, Great Soviet Encyclopedia tau tshaj tawm tias "Kev lag luam ntawm Komi Thaj Av tseem nyob ib puag ncig ntev … nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th tsuas muaj ob qhov chaw nyob ntawm Yarensk thiab Turya, ib lub zos lag luam ntawm Tuglim … Tsuas yog maj mam, hauv lub 17th thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub 18th centuries, nws puas tsim kev lag luam thiab cov lag luam hauv zos tau tshwm sim. " Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, "Permian Komi yog ib haiv neeg me … puas tsuaj tag rau lawv lub teb chaws kev coj noj coj ua … Thaum lub sij hawm xyoo ntawm lub hwj chim Soviet, ib hom lus thiab kev sau ntawv tau tsim." Puas muaj cov cim qhia txog kev ua tub rog uas muaj hwj chim thiab muaj nyiaj muaj txiaj ntsig? Peb tsis saib lawv li. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi los kav mus txog rau thaum xyoo pua 17th - Yegoshiha tsis nyob ntawd.

Thib plaub, cia peb nqa daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab saib yuav ua li cas cov Novgorodians (Novgorod yog Yaroslavl) tau ua "los ntawm Permian av tub rog-kev lag luam tawm tsam rau thaj av Ugra" (uas yog, rau Hungary) thiab nco qab txog zaj dab neeg coj txawv txawv ntawm Karamzin: "Cov. Mongols kis ntau thiab ntau dua lawv qhov kev kov yeej thiab dhau los ntawm Kazan Bulgaria mus txog Perm nws tus kheej, los ntawm qhov chaw muaj ntau tus neeg nyob, raug tsim txom los ntawm lawv, khiav mus rau Norway. " Cov "zigzags ntawm koob hmoov" yog dab tsi?

Great Perm, peb hais txog lo lus "Great", uas qhia meej txog nws qhov tseem ceeb, tsis tuaj yeem nyob qhov twg nws tau muab tso rau hauv Romanovs.

Thaum ntawd nws nyob qhov twg? A. T. Fomenko thiab G. V. Nosovskiy muab qhov tseeb rau qhov tseeb tias Great Perm yog qhov tseeb thaj chaw ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees yav qab teb, Austria thiab sab qaum teb Ltalis.

Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm qee qhov pom tseeb hauv cov npe. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Northern Ltalis, lub ancient nroog ntawm Parma paub, nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Perm kom meej meej suab. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm Austria, Vienna, tseem muaj St. Stephen's Cathedral (Fig. 25).

Rice. 25

Tej zaum nws yog tus naas ej Stefan ntawm Perm, tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Perm? Lo lus lub teb chaws Yelemees yog ib qho txawv ntawm lo lus Perm.

Tom qab ntawd nws paub meej tias vim li cas cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm St. Stephen tsis nco qab txog keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Komi thiab lub zos Yegoshikha. Thiab ntawm no peb tuaj yeem xav tias cov tsiaj ntawv no yog Latin thiab nws tau muab faib rau cov neeg European rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Russia …

[1] Caliph Ivan / A. T. Fomenko, G. V. Nosovsky. - M.: Astrel: AST; Vladimir: VKT, 2010.-- 383 p.

[2] Tatar-Mongol yoke: leej twg kov yeej leej twg / A. T. Fomenko, G. V. Nosovsky. - M.: Astrel: AST; Vladimir: VKT, 2010.-- 380 p.

Tus Kws Pab Tswv Yim yog ib phau ntawv qhia zoo.

Los ntawm tsab xov xwm los ntawm Alexei Kulagin "Lub split ntawm Russia".