Tsab ntawv ploj lawm

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Muaj ib qho "kev pom zoo" uas Cyril thiab Methodius coj kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv rau Slavs. Qhov no puas yog? Nws hloov tawm tias qhov no tsis yog li ntawd. Thaum cov kwv tij tuaj rau Slavs, cov Slavs twb muaj lus sau. Ntawm ntau cov ntawv sau, cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolitic tau raug muab tshem tawm thiab cov ntawv tshiab tau sau ua Cyrillic …

Hauv lub neej ntawm "tus neeg dawb huv" Cyril tau hais tias thaum dhau los ntawm Chersonesos-Korsun Tauride ua ib feem ntawm lub tebchaws rau Khazars, Constantine pom muaj Txoj Moo Zoo thiab Psalter, sau los ntawm "Lavxias cov ntawv."

Cov Hluas Constantine piv tsab ntawv nrog cov neeg paub txog nws, sib txawv ntawm cov suab thiab cov lus, thiab tsis ntev los no nyeem tau yooj yim hauv cov lus uas yog tshiab rau nws, uas ua rau lawv xav tsis thoob li qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Vajtswv. Yog li, thaum pib ntawm Cyril lub neej, Rus muaj ib hom lus sau.

Cov Slavs tau sau ntawv zoo li cas? Kev hais lus.

Cyril thiab Methodius tau tsim lub Cyrillic, shredding Glagolitsa thiab yoog rawsCov tsiaj ntawv Slavic nyob rau hauv Greek Cov tsiaj ntawv - yog li tsis txhob squirm thiab rov sau phau Vajlugkub Judeo-Christian hauv tsab ntawv uas tsis yooj yim rau Greek.

Cov lus nug tam sim ntawd tshwm sim - tej zaum cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolitic tsawg dua li cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic?

Tsis yog kiag li. Kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav (zoo hmoo, Glagolitic tseem sau nyob rau hauv qee lub zos hauv Croatia) thiab nws tau raug tsim los tias tsis muaj ib qho tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb tias Cyrillic laus dua Glagolitic. Ntawm cov hnub qub monuments ntawm Slavic sau ntawv uas tau los rau peb, tus hlob tshaj yog sau nyob rau hauv Glagolitic. Muaj Cyril cov ntawv sau, uas, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, tau theej los ntawm Glagolic keeb kwm. Cov lus ntawm Glagolic monuments yog laus dua, ntau dua qub dua li cov lus ntawm Cyril monuments.

Cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm 863 los ntawm Cyril thiab nws tus tij laug Methodius los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Byzantine Greek huab tais Michael III, ib tug neeg nyiam Judeo-Christian.

Txij li thaum kev txhais lus ua ib hom lus tshiab rau lawv (Slavic Glagolitsa) thiab rov sau ib phau ntawv loj los ntawm txhais tes tuaj yeem siv sijhawm txog 20 xyoo, tom qab ntawd, pom meej, kom yooj yim rau luam, faib thiab nyeem phau Vajlugkub hauv nws lub tebchaws., Emperor Michael III tau tshaj tawm tsab cai hais txog kev sau ntawv Slavic haiv neeg uas yog ib feem ntawm Byzantine Empire. Zoo, uas yog, nws yooj yim dua - oh kev genocide - thaum lawv haiv neeg sau ntawv raug tshem tawm ntawm Slavs thiab yuam kom sau ua lus txawv teb chaws tshiab …

Muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab meej ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolitic: Cyril thiab Methodius tau hloov cov ntawv hais lus nrog cov ntawv Greek paub rau lawv, zoo ib yam li suab, thiab lawv tsuas cuam tshuam qee cov ntawv Glagolitic uas lawv tsis nkag siab. Yog li ntawd, me ntsis ntau dua 30 tsab ntawv tseem nyob hauv cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic, thiab cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolitic thawj muaj ntau dua 46 tus cim.

Cov Slavs, suav nrog cov neeg sab hnub tuaj, tau mus txog kev txhim kho siab ntawm pawg neeg hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 1st AD. e. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sau ntawv Slavic ntawm hom "Dab ntxwg nyoog thiab Rezov" yuav tsum tau raug ntaus nqi rau lub sijhawm no.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab no kuj tau lees paub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais lus. Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, lo lus 'sau', 'nyeem', ' tsab ntawv', 'phau ntawv' yog ntau rau cov lus Slavic.

Yog li ntawd, cov lus no, zoo li tsab ntawv Slavic nws tus kheej, tej zaum tau tshwm sim ua ntej kev faib cov lus Slavic ib yam rau hauv ceg, uas yog, tsis pub dhau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 1st AD. e.

Qhov kev sib cav no tsis txawm siv rau Glagolitic, tab sis rau thawj daim duab sau.

Yog li ntawd, cov Slavs muaj cov lus sau ua ntej 500 AD. e. tsawg kawg, tab sis hauv lub neej tiag tiag ua ntej.

Nyob rau hauv 1848, Lavxias teb sab philologist II Sreznevsky tau sau hais tias: "Qhov peculiarity ntawm ntau Glagolic tsiaj ntawv tau ntev coj mus rau lub xaus hais tias cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolitic yog cov ancient cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov pagan Slavs thiab, yog li ntawd, yog laus dua cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic …"

Nyob rau hauv 1766 g. Suav Klemens Grubisich luam tawm nyob rau hauv Venice ib phau ntawv nrog ib tug heev nthuav lub npe "Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab historiam tsiaj ntawv Slavonic Glagolitici, vulgo Hieronymiani disquisitio" (Lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolic Slavic, kawm Vulgate ntawm Jerome). Grubisich hais tias cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolitic tau muab tso ua ke ntev ua ntej Tswv Yexus yug los, raws li Getae Runes (Getae - Eastern Goths, Slavs, tus kheej lub npe Drevlyans).

Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1640 Raphael Lenakovich tau sau qhov kev sib tham De litteris antiquorum Illyriorum, uas nws hais ntau tib yam li Grubisich, tab sis yuav luag 125 xyoo dhau los.

Xav txog dab tsi Herodotus, Grubisich thiab Lenakovich tau sau, nws hloov tawm tias cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolitic tau tsim los ntev ua ntej Tswv Yexus yug los thiab, yog li ntawd, ntau yam qub dua li cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic.

Los ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no, nws tau pom tseeb tias keeb kwm ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolitic yog txawv kiag li los ntawm cov keeb kwm xav tias nws yuav yog. Tab sis rau qee qhov laj thawj, cov no thiab ntau qhov tseeb uas tau hais los saum toj no yog tsis quav ntsej kiag li los ntawm Judeo-Christian keeb kwm.

Rov qab rau xyoo 972, qee cov ntaub ntawv raug cai hauv tebchaws Russia tau sau los ntawm Glagolitsa, txij li Svyatoslav yog tus yeeb ncuab hnyav ntawm Judeo-Christianity, thiab Cyrillic yog tsab ntawv Judeo-Christian nkaus xwb.

Wilhelm Postell hauv nws txoj hauj lwm "Linguarum XXII characteribus dinerentium alphabetum" ntxiv rau tag nrho cov no uas I. von Hahn pom ntawm cov Albanians ib cov tsiaj ntawv ntaus nqi rau Albanian Buthakukyc, zoo ib yam li Glagolitic.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov tsiaj ntawv no tau qhia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 2nd. thaum lub sij hawm Christianization ntawm Albanians.

Nyob rau hauv lub preface rau Novgorod phau ntawv luam los ntawm ancient Glagolic phau ntawv ntawm 1047, nws yog hais tias: "Raws li ib tug txaus siab rau kuv sau ib phau ntawv ntawm si thiab kurilotse." Kos npe - "Tus Yaj Saub Ghoul Dashing". Qhov ntawd zoo heev qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv rau cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic.

Palimpsests - cov ntawv sau rau ntawm parchment lossis papyrus, uas cov ntawv qub tau raug ntxuav tawm los yog khawb tawm, thiab ib qho tshiab tau sau rau saum nws - kuj qhia txog cov tsiaj ntawv qub qub ntawm Glagolitic. Ntawm tag nrho cov palimpsests tseem ciaj sia, cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolitic tau raug muab tshem tawm thiab cov ntawv tshiab tau sau ua Cyrillic. Tsis muaj ib qho palimpsest uas cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic tau muab pov tseg thiab cov tsiaj ntawv Glagolitic tau sau rau ntawm nws.

Cov ntawv sau los ntawm Glagolitic tsab ntawv mus rau Cyrillic cov tsiaj ntawv muaj cov xwm txheej tsis raug hauv cov hnub, txij li tus lej ntawm cov ntawv Glagolitic thiab Cyrillic tsis sib haum.

Cyrillic tus lej muaj nqis yog taw qhia rau cov tsiaj ntawv Greek …

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntawv no tau lees paub los ntawm cov ntawv sau hauv phau Vajlugkub ntawm lub xyoo pua 5th, lub hauv paus chiv keeb uas tsis paub. Cov ntawv sau no yog thawj zaug sau hauv Glagolitic, tab sis tom qab ntawd Glagolitic tau muab pov tseg thiab nyob rau ntau nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv no tau txhais ntawm 38 homilies ntawm St. Ephraim tus Syrian hauv Greek.

Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais lub npe "rewritten code of Ephraim" thiab pib suav hais tias Greek.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lub ntsiab lus ntawm ntau lo lus Lavxias teb sab lo lus "dab tsi yog sau nrog ib tug cwj mem tsis tuaj yeem txiav nrog rab hneev" yog nkag siab tsuas yog rau cov neeg uas cuam tshuam nrog palimpsests thiab paub tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas rau etch cov ntawv qub tawm ntawm parchment thiab dab tsi. txhais tau tias tau siv rau qhov no.

Tag nrho cov lus tseeb no qhia tias "cov neeg dawb huv" Cyril thiab Methodius tau ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Slavs. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm NATIVE kev sau ntawv, kev puas tsuaj ntawm keeb kwm, hloov pauv ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus, Kev xav rhuav tshem ntawm NATIVE nco ntawm Slavs …

Cov Slavs tau hloov mus rau hauv Ivanov, uas tsis nco qab lawv cov txheeb ze, tsis nco qab lawv tsab ntawv, lawv cov ntawv, lawv cov txheeb ze, lawv cov kab lis kev cai … Qhov no yog ua tiav. tseem.