Golden Rooj vag. Krivda hais txog Lavxias teb sab architecture

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Peb luag ntawm cov stereotypes txog Russia thiab txog Russians uas muaj nyob rau hauv Western lub siab, tab sis tib lub sij hawm peb tus kheej nyob rau hauv captivity ntawm zoo xws li cov cliches txog peb tus kheej. Piv txwv li, daim duab twg yog kos rau hauv koj lub siab thaum koj hais "Vladimir Rus"? Nees piv rau rooster, koj pom dab tsi hauv koj lub siab lub qhov muag:

Nco ntsoov cov kab ntawm zaj nkauj: - "Kuv txoj kev xyiv fab nyob hauv lub siab siab …"

Txoj cai? Puas muaj kev xyiv fab nyob hauv ib lub tsev ntoo nplua nuj? Nws muaj tseeb tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib feem me me ntawm cov lus no, yog, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog kom paub meej tias peb tab tom ua tsev, qhov no tsis yog lub tsev villa, tsis yog tsev, peb yog tsev loj cuj rau tub ntxhais hluas, npaj rau kev sib yuav.

Ib feem ntawm lub engraving "Moscow" los ntawm phau ntawv ntawm Adas Olearius

Lo lus "terem" nws tus kheej muaj cov lus qhia. Cov lus tsis tas yuav tsum tau qhia lub ntsiab lus. Lawv raug tshem tawm thaum sau ntawv kom txuag cov ntaub ntawv sau. TPM qhov no thiab TYu Rb mthiab thiab Te Re m, thiab … Tsis txhob xav tsis thoob, lo lus Latin " te ua rmib "qhov no thiab" TPM". Tab sis, ntxiv rau tom qab ntawd.

Yog li, ntawm no peb yog, qhov no tsis yog lub tsev ntoo nrov. Qhov no yog ib tug pej thuam tiag tiag - lub tsev loj cuj. Maiden's Tower. Thiab tsis muaj sijhawm rau frills. Ib tug square nyob rau hauv cross-section, ib tug ntxhib ntauwd, tws los ntawm cav, nrog rau qhov rau cua thiab teeb pom kev zoo ntawm chav tsev nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev, qhov twg tus nkauj nyab tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv captivity, npaj yuav muag mus ua qhev rau nws tus txiv, pauv rau tus nqe txhiv zoo. Thiab tsis muaj romance.

Tab sis lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm tag nrho cov ntoo Russia yog li ntawd tob hauv peb lub siab tias txawm thaum reconstructing vaj tse thiab cov qauv ntawm medieval Russia, restorers tsis tau, thiaj li tsis mus ntxiv "Lavxias teb sab" qhov twg tsis muaj tsw ntawm nws. Txhua tus paub tias Izborsk yog Ameslikas tsim los ntawm pob zeb. Txawm lub tsev thiab qaib coops yog ua los ntawm pob zeb nyob rau niaj hnub no.

Txhua tus paub zoo tias Moscow ib txwm yog pob zeb dawb txhua lub sijhawm. Uglich, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir, Kostroma, thiab tag nrho cov nroog ntawm Muscovy kuj tau ua los ntawm cov pob zeb dawb, uas yuav luag tsis tau khaws cia hnub no. Nws pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations, thiab cov uchionists yog puzzling nyob qhov twg cov Russians mined lub pob zeb no. Lub version hais txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub pob zeb tsis yog txawm nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem, tab sis lub caij no, txhua yam qhia tias lub pob zeb no tsis yog pob zeb, tab sis pob zeb, ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov txiv qaub thiab chalk. Ua tsaug rau lawv, blocks ntawm cov xim dawb tau txais.

I. Weiss. Moscow xyoo 1852

Yog li ntawd yog vim li cas txhua leej txhua tus fixated nyob rau hauv lub fact tias tag nrho cov ntawm Russia ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig yog ua los ntawm ntoo? Yog, muaj ntau lub tsev ntoo, thiab koj tuaj yeem pom nws hauv cov duab, tab sis nws puas txawv hauv Tebchaws Europe? Koj puas tau pom cov yeeb yaj kiab txaus txog Musketeers? Puas yog cov yeeb yaj kiab no tau ua nag hmo?

Feem ntau, qhov tseeb yog tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm Rome thiab Kiev. Ob leeg nyob ntawd thiab muaj ob lub tsev zeb thiab ntoo. Muaj tseeb, muaj ib lub pob zeb laurel hauv Kiev, tab sis qhov no yog laurel … Aha … Tab sis dab tsi txog Golden Gate?

Golden Rooj vag. Kiev. Monument ntawm Russia tiv thaiv architecture

Funny? Nooo!? Thiab kuv choked rau lo lus no. Ua tib zoo mloog rau qhov txuas ntxiv. Nws tsuas yog qee yam hnub so! Reconstructors tab tom tsim ib lub tsev cib los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Yaroslav lub Wise, thiab yog li ntawd nws daig nyob rau hauv lawv lub siab hais tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tsuas yog ntoo, uas lawv pab tsis tau tab sis muab ib tug log tis. Vim li cas!!!?

Vim li cas kuv nug, puas tau ua!??? Thiab dab tsi yog tus pej thuam nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nave? Yuav ua li cas hryumzik muaj lub tswv yim "lo" lub tsev no rau hauv ib tug tiv thaiv qauv? Thiab leej twg, feem ntau, hais tias nws tiv thaiv? Peb cov kws sau ntawv paub dab tsi txog nws? Tsis muaj dab tsi kiag li! Qhov no yog qhov "defensive" qauv zoo li xyoo 1861.

Ib…? Yuav ua li cas fantasy koj yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav reconstruct los ntawm peb lub pob zeb mus rau dab tsi tam sim no nyob rau hauv Kiev, thiab yog hu ua "monument of defensive architecture"? Vim li cas ho tsis xav tias qhov no yog chav dej pej xeem? Los yog thermal da dej?

Tseem muaj qhov tseeb me ntsis. Nws yeej yog ib lub rooj vag, tiam sis… Lub rooj vag nyob qhov twg? Ua ntej peb yog ib qho me me tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm qee yam ntawm cov qauv loj heev. Yog lawm. Nws yeej yog lub rooj vag. Tab sis lub rooj vag yog rau peb. Thiab yog hais tias koj kos rau hauv koj lub tswv yim lub tsev uas ploj lawm, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib zaug zoo li lub qhov rooj, koj tau txais ib daim duab nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Hollywood fantasy. Cov rooj vag no coj mus qhov twg, peb yuav tsis paub. Tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm "kev muab nqi zog" qhov muaj sia nyob qhib ntawm lub tsev tsis muaj tag nrho nrog lub npe ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv yog ntau dhau, txawm tias ua tiav cov neeg ruam. Zoo, yam tsawg kawg lawv hu ua "triumphal arch", thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav muaj kev tsis ntseeg ntev heev.

Thiab nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, kuv hais meej meej hais tias rov qab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv Kiev muaj ib tug ib feem ntawm peb, antediluvian kev vam meej. Ib tug uas Ivan, tus tub ntawm Vasily, nicknamed Fiery, portrayed nyob rau hauv nws "paintings" ib tug inhabitants ntawm lub "sappeared Slavic nroog" ntawm Veneta. Hauv Latin transcription

Giovanni Battista Piranesi

Rau qee qhov laj thawj, nws raug suav hais tias yog tus kws kos duab kos duab kos duab kos duab zoo heev. Tab sis … Tib lub sij hawm, tsis muaj leej twg tsis lees paub tias nws tau sau txog kev khawb av ntawm Roman ruins! Nws hloov tawm hais tias qhov twg nws yog yooj yim - ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, thiab qhov twg nws yog tsis yooj yim sua - ib tug zoo heev artist. Thiab qhov tseeb yog, nws tsis fantasizing. Nws "ua haujlwm" ua lub koob yees duab. Yog lawm, daim duab tseem tsis tau tsim, thiab thaum lub sijhawm khawb nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sau txhua yam kom huv si, thiaj li yuav rov tsim dua dab tsi ua tau coj mus rau hauv tus lej ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Nws tsis yog ib tug neeg txawj ntse ntawm cov duab zoo heev. Nws yog ib tug kws kos duab uas tau sau txog kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv antediluvian nrog cov duab raug. Thiab cov tsev uas tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los tau raug suav tias yog qhov zoo heev. Thiab ntawm no yog dab tsi Ivan Vasilievich Ognev tau ua tiag tiag:

M ??? Nws xav li cas?

yog li ntawd!!! Piranesi tau tsim ntau ntau ntawm cov duab kos thiab kos duab, thiab feem ntau cov no yog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj lij. Lawv tsis paub rau cov pej xeem. Cov neeg coob coob xav tau kev ua yeeb yam. Ntawm no! Tau nws!

Cov Uchions hu nws "Baths of Titus"

Reminiscently reminiscent ntawm lub Golden rooj vag nyob rau hauv Kiev, txoj cai? Kuv txhais hais tias los ntawm style, thiab los ntawm tib theem ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Nyob ntawd, tawm ntawm peb lub pob zeb, "lub rooj vag-fortress" tau yug los (lawv tsis tuaj yeem xav txog ib yam dab tsi uas ruam ntxiv yuav ua li cas koom ua ke tsis sib haum - lub rooj vag, thiab lub fortress), thiab hauv Rome peb lub pob zeb tau hu ua "cov ntsiab lus". Vim li cas ho tsis yog "tsev loj cuj", qhov tseeb? Tom qab tag nrho, Piranesi tsis yog Italian, nws yog Venetian. Thiab Venice yog lub nroog Veneta, uas, raws li cov lus dab neeg, tau nqos los ntawm hiav txwv. Yog, ib nrab absorbed. Kuv yuav tsum caij nkoj hla txoj kev tsis yog nees. Thiab Veneti yog ib pab pawg neeg Lavxias, thiab lawv feem ntau yuav hais ua hom lus uas yuav nkag siab rau peb tam sim no yam tsis muaj tus txhais lus. Thiab txij li Piranesi hu nws "TheRMs", nws txhais tau hais tias nws txhais tau lwm yam, tsis yog da dej kiag li. "Cov ntsiab lus" tuaj yeem yug los ntawm kev txhais ua Latin los ntawm lo lus "TeReM".

Cov lus Latin tau tsim muaj tseeb kom cov pab pawg sib txawv tuaj yeem nkag siab ib leeg, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, txhais cov ntaub ntawv sau tsis meej, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lub ntsiab lus, thiab tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm cov neeg txhais lus. Lawv tsis hais lus Latin. Qhov no yog lus sau xwb, thiab nws ua tsaug rau nws, cov lus tuag no, uas Ivan Vasilyevich tig mus rau Giovanni Battista.

Yuav ua li cas! Kuv hais txhua yam …