Kev pom: Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tawg hauv Beirut

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov xov xwm txaus ntshai ntawm kev tawg loj heev hauv Beirut, uas tau coj thawj kab xov xwm cov peev txheej, tsa cov lus nug ntuj: yuav ua li cas qhov no tshwm sim, qhov tawg tau tshwm sim, vim li cas cov xwm txheej zoo li no tshwm sim? Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas nws, cia peb saib ze dua ntawm cov khoom ntawm ammonium nitrate thiab cov phom sij cuam tshuam nrog nws.

Dab tsi tshwm sim hauv Beirut

Hauv luv luv, qhov xwm txheej zoo li no: rau xyoo dhau los, lub nkoj Rhosus nkag mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv ntawm Beirut rau kev kho tsis tau teem sijhawm. Nws koom nrog lub tuam txhab ntawm Igor Grechushkin, ib haiv neeg ntawm Khabarovsk. Cov tub ceev xwm chaw nres nkoj tsis tau tso lub nkoj vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab cov ntaub ntawv thauj khoom. Maj mam, pab pawg tau tawm ntawm Rhosus, thiab nws cov khoom thauj, uas muaj 2,750 tons ntawm ammonium nitrate, raug xa mus rau lub tsev khaws khoom hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj, qhov chaw uas nws tau khaws cia rau xyoo tom ntej. Cov xwm txheej khaws cia tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, yog li txhawm rau txhawm rau txwv kev nkag mus rau cov khoom thauj no, cov haujlwm vuam tau ua tiav ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom, vim tias lub koom haum tsis raug cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb uas, cov pyrotechnics khaws cia hauv tib lub tsev khaws khoom tom qab ignited.

Qhov hluav taws kub pib, txhawb los ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab foob pob hluav taws. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, khaws cia ammonium nitrate detonated. Qhov kev poob siab los ntawm qhov kev tawg no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau thaj chaw ib puag ncig ntawm Beirut: niaj hnub no muaj ntau dua 130 tus neeg tuag, thiab lawv cov naj npawb txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv raws li ntau thiab ntau lub cev tau pom thaum rhuav tshem cov vaj tse thiab cov vaj tse. Ntau tshaj tsib txhiab tus neeg raug mob.

Cov duab los ntawm qhov chaw coj los ntawm Kanopus-V satellite. Daim duab saum toj no yog hnub tim 4 Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2019, thiab daim duab hauv qab no yog hnub tom qab tawg. / © Roskosmos.ru

Ntau lub tsev tau raug puas tsuaj mus rau qhov sib txawv, qhov kev puas tsuaj cuam tshuam ib nrab ntawm lub tsev hauv Beirut, kwv yees li 300 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv tsev tsis muaj tsev nyob. Raws li tus tswv xeev ntawm lub nroog Lebanese, Marwan Abboud, qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tawg yog kwv yees li ntawm peb thiab tsib txhiab daus las. Cov duab los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Beirut, coj ua ntej thiab tom qab qhov xwm txheej, qhia txog thaj tsam ntawm kev puas tsuaj tas mus li nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov chaw nres nkoj. Peb hnub ntawm kev quaj ntsuag tau tshaj tawm hauv Lebanon.

Dab tsi yog ammonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrate, los yog ammonium nitrate, yog ammonium ntsev ntawm nitric acid, muaj cov tshuaj formula NH₄NO₃ thiab muaj peb yam tshuaj - nitrogen, hydrogen thiab oxygen. Cov ntsiab lus nitrogen siab (kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm qhov hnyav) nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv yooj yim assimilable los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv ammonium nitrate los ua ib qho zoo nitrogen chiv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb.

Raws li xws li, ammonium nitrate yog siv ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv ntshiab thiab ua ib feem ntawm lwm yam chiv. Feem ntau ntawm cov saltpeter tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog siv precisely nyob rau hauv no muaj peev xwm. Lub cev, ammonium nitrate yog cov khoom siv dawb crystalline, nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm granules ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg.

Nws yog hygroscopic, uas yog, nws absorbs noo noo zoo los ntawm huab cua; thaum lub sij hawm cia muaj ib tug nyiam rau caking, tsim ntawm loj ntom pawg. Yog li ntawd, nws yog khaws cia thiab thauj tsis yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug khoom loj loj, tab sis nyob rau hauv tuab thiab ruaj lub hnab uas tsis tso cai rau tsim ntawm loj caked masses uas yog ib qho nyuaj rau loosen.

Kev ua haujlwm tawg hauv qhov qhib mines siv ammonium nitrate ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom tawg / ©Flickr.com.

Ammonium nitrate yog ib qho muaj zog oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev. Peb cov pa oxygen atoms uas ua rau nws cov molecule ua 60 feem pua ntawm cov huab hwm coj. Hauv lwm lo lus, ammonium nitrate yog ntau tshaj li ib nrab oxygen, uas yooj yim tso tawm los ntawm nws cov molecule thaum rhuab. Thermal decomposition ntawm nitrate tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab lus: nyob rau hauv kub hauv qab 200 degrees, nws decomposes rau hauv nitrogen oxide thiab dej, thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm txog 350 degrees thiab saum toj no, dawb nitrogen thiab dawb oxygen yog tsim ib txhij nrog dej. Qhov no cais ammonium nitrate mus rau hauv qeb ntawm oxidants muaj zog thiab predetermined nws siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ntau yam explosives, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug oxidizing neeg sawv cev.

Ammonium nitrate - ib feem ntawm industrial explosives

Ammonium nitrate muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev lag luam explosives thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv no, feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev lag luam mining. Tus txiv neej tseem tsis tau tsim ib yam dab tsi zoo dua li qhov tawg los rhuav tshem pob zeb. Yog li ntawd, yuav luag txhua txoj haujlwm nrog lawv yog raws li kev tawg: los ntawm kev khawb hauv mines kom qhib kev txiav thiab quarrying.

Kev lag luam mining siv cov khoom tawg loj heev, thiab txhua lub lag luam mining lossis thee mine ib txwm muaj nws tus kheej cog rau kev tsim cov khoom tawg, uas tau noj ntau heev. Tus txheeb ze pheej yig ntawm ammonium nitrate ua rau nws siv tau rau kev tsim khoom loj ntawm ntau yam khoom tawg.

Thiab ntawm no peb tuaj yeem nco ntsoov qhov dav dav ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab tawg los ntawm ammonium nitrate. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw nitrate nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom tawg. Kev sib xyaw ntawm nitrate nrog cov hmoov txhuas zoo tib yam hauv cov tshuaj ammonals, uas yog li hu ua AMMONIUM nitrate - ALUMINIUM. 80% ntawm qhov loj ntawm ammonal yog ammonium nitrate. Ammonals zoo heev, lawv zoo ntawm kev tawg pob zeb, qee yam yog hu ua pob zeb ammonals.

Kev tawg loj heev thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm mining / © Flickr.com.

Yog hais tias koj impregnate nitrate nrog diesel roj, koj tau txais lwm chav kawm ntawm industrial explosives - igdanites, muaj npe tom qab lub koom haum ntawm Mining, lub koom haum ntawm Mining ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR. Saltpeter muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom tawg tawg thaum impregnated nrog cov kua ua kua, los ntawm cov roj zaub mus rau roj. Lwm chav kawm ntawm nitrate-raws li explosives siv additives ntawm ntau yam explosives: piv txwv li, ammonites (cov no tsis yog fossil cephalopods xwb) muaj TNT los yog RDX. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, ammonium nitrate kuj tawg thiab tuaj yeem detonate. Tab sis nws detonation txawv ntawm detonation ntawm industrial los yog tub rog explosives. Dab tsi raws nraim? Cia peb nco qab luv luv txog dab tsi detonation yog dab tsi thiab nws txawv li cas ntawm combustion zoo tib yam.

Dab tsi yog detonation

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav combustion tshwm sim pib nyob rau hauv combustible tshuaj, cov atoms ntawm cov roj thiab oxidizer yuav tsum tau ua dawb thiab coj los ze zog ua ke kom txog rau thaum cov tshuaj bonds yog tsim los ntawm lawv. Txhawm rau tso lawv tawm ntawm cov molecules uas lawv muaj nyob hauv txhais tau tias kom rhuav tshem cov molecules: qhov no ua rau cov cua sov ntawm cov molecules mus rau qhov kub ntawm lawv cov decomposition. Thiab tib lub cua sov ua ke ua ke cov atoms ntawm cov roj thiab cov oxidizer los tsim cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm lawv - rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Nyob rau hauv ib txwm combustion - hu ua deflagration - cov reactants yog rhuab los ntawm ib txwm kub hloov los ntawm cov nplaim taws pem hauv ntej. Cov nplaim taws ua rau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov cua sov no, cov tshuaj decompose ua ntej pib cov tshuaj combustion. Lub tshuab detonation txawv. Nyob rau hauv nws, cov khoom yog rhuab ua ntej pib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv vim mechanical compression ntawm ib tug high degree - raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv muaj zog compression, ib yam khoom heats li.

Xws li compression muab ib qho kev poob siab dhau los ntawm qhov tawg ntawm qhov tawg (lossis tsuas yog lub ntim, yog tias muaj kua, roj sib xyaw lossis ntau qhov system detonates: piv txwv li, tshem tawm cov thee hauv huab cua). Lub shock yoj compresses thiab heats cov khoom, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv nws nrog tso tawm ntawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub thiab nws tus kheej pub los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub zog tso tawm ncaj qha rau hauv nws.

Thiab ntawm no lub detonation ceev yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev - uas yog, qhov ceev ntawm lub shock nthwv dej dhau los ntawm cov khoom. Qhov loj dua, qhov muaj zog ntau dua qhov tawg, qhov ua kom tawg. Rau kev lag luam thiab tub rog explosives, lub detonation ceev yog ob peb kilometers ib ob - los ntawm txog 5 km / sec rau ammonals thiab ammonites thiab 6-7 km / sec rau TNT rau 8 km / sec rau RDX thiab 9 km / sec rau HMX. Lub detonation sai dua, lub zog ceev dua nyob rau hauv qhov kev poob siab yoj, qhov muaj zog ntawm nws qhov kev puas tsuaj thaum nws tawm hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom tawg.

Yog hais tias qhov poob siab yoj tshaj qhov ceev ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv cov khoom, nws crushes rau hauv daim - qhov no yog hu ua blasting nkaus. Nws yog nws uas tawg lub cev ntawm ib tug grenade, ib tug projectile thiab ib lub foob pob rau hauv fragments, crushes pob zeb nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug borehole los yog borehole uas muaj explosives.

Nrog kev ncua deb ntawm ib thooj ntawm cov khoom tawg, lub zog thiab ceev ntawm kev poob siab yoj txo, thiab los ntawm ib qho luv luv nws tsis tuaj yeem tsoo cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau nws nrog nws lub siab, thawb, crumple, tawg, pov, pov. Xws li nias, crushing thiab ntuav yog hu ua high-explosive.

Nta ntawm detonation ntawm nitrate

Muaj ammonium nitrate yam tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv uas ua rau tawg, raws li peb tau sau tseg saum toj no, tuaj yeem ua rau tawg. Nws qhov ceev detonation, piv rau cov khoom tawg, yog qhov tsawg: li 1.5-2.5 km / sec. Kev sib kis ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm yog nyob ntawm ntau yam: nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov granules cov ntsev yog compressed npaum li cas, cov dej noo tam sim no ntawm cov ntsev thiab ntau npaum li cas.

Yog li ntawd, saltpeter tsis tsim ib qho kev ua blasting - nws tsis tsoo cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig. Tab sis lub siab-explosive nyhuv ntawm lub detonation ntawm nitrate ua heev tangible. Thiab lub zog ntawm ib qho kev detonation nyob ntawm nws qhov ntau. Nrog rau cov khoom tawg loj loj, cov txiaj ntsig siab ntawm qhov tawg tuaj yeem ncav cuag kev puas tsuaj ntawm txhua qib.

Tom qab qhov tawg hauv Beirut / © "Lenta.ru"

Hais txog detonation, peb nco ntsoov ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv - nws pib li cas. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav poob siab nthwv dej ntawm compression mus los ntawm lub tawg, nws yuav tsum tau launched ib yam dab tsi, tsim nrog ib yam dab tsi. Tsuas yog igniting ib piece ntawm explosive tsis muab cov neeg kho tshuab compression yuav tsum pib detonation.

Yog li, ntawm daim me me ntawm TNT, teem rau hluav taws nrog ib qho kev sib tw, nws yog qhov ua tau kom boil cov tshuaj yej hauv lub khob - lawv hlawv nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws, qee zaum haus luam yeeb, tab sis hlawv ntsiag to thiab tsis muaj kev tawg. (Cov lus piav qhia tsis yog ib qho kev pom zoo rau kev ua tshuaj yej! Nws tseem yog qhov txaus ntshai yog tias cov khoom loj lossis muaj kab mob.) Txhawm rau ua kom lub foob pob tawg, koj xav tau lub tshuab detonator - ib qho khoom siv me me nrog cov khoom tawg tshwj xeeb tso rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov khoom tawg. Kev tawg ntawm lub detonator, nruj nreem ntxig rau hauv lub ntsiab nqi, tso tawm ib qho kev poob siab thiab detonation hauv nws.

Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau lub foob pob tawg

Puas tuaj yeem detonation tshwm sim spontaneously? Tej zaum: combustion zoo tib yam muaj peev xwm tig mus rau hauv detonation thaum nws yog ceev, nrog rau qhov kev siv ntawm no combustion nce. Yog hais tias koj ignite ib tug sib tov ntawm oxygen nrog hydrogen - ib tug explosive gas - nws yuav pib hlawv ntsiag to, tab sis raws li cov nplaim taws nyob rau hauv lub combustion yuav tig mus rau hauv detonation.

Combustion ntawm multiphase gas systems, xws li tag nrho cov hom ntawm ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab aerosols, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv mos txwv rau ib tug volumetric tawg, sai sai tig mus rau hauv detonation. combustion ntawm propellant kuj tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv detonation yog tias lub siab nyob hauv lub cav pib nce nrawm, hauv kev tsim tawm. Kev nce hauv siab, acceleration ntawm combustion - cov no yog cov prerequisites rau kev hloov ntawm combustion zoo tib yam rau detonation.

Tsis tas li ntawd, combustion catalysts tuaj yeem yog ntau yam additives, contaminants, impurities - ntau precisely, lawv los yog lawv cov Cheebtsam, uas yuav pab tau rau lub zos hloov mus rau detonation. Oxidized, rusty mos txwv yog feem ntau yuav detonate yog hais tias lub explosive nyob ib sab ntawm oxidized seem ntawm lub hull. Muaj ntau ntau nuances thiab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov pib ntawm detonation uas peb yuav tshem tawm, yog li cia peb rov qab mus rau lo lus nug: yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau lub saltpeter detonate nyob rau hauv lub warehouse?

Thiab ntawm no nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias pyrotechnics tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub detonator. Tsis yog, tsuas yog ib lub pob zeb uas muaj suab nrov tsis tshua ua rau lub suab nrov ntawm cov ntsev nrog nws lub zog ntawm cov pa taws nrog cov pa taws. Tab sis cov vis dis aus ntes tau ntau qhov tshwm sim loj heev hauv cov pa taws ntawm hluav taws ua ntej qhov hluav taws kub tawg. Cov no yog cov tawg me me ntawm tawg ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws pyrotechnic. Lawv ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug pom tseeb detonating pib. Tsis yog, lawv tsis yog industrial detonators.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm hluav taws kub, cua sov ntawm loj qhov chaw ntawm saltpeter nrog ib tug nplaim taws thiab loj heev ntawm ntau txhiab tus pyrotechnic kev khiav hauj lwm tshwm sim, cov pyrotechnic foob pob ua ntxaij tej zaum tau nkag mus rau hauv lub rhuab nto ntawm saltpeter nrog ntxiv explosions nyob rau hauv kub saltpeter. Qee lub sij hawm, nws lub detonation nyob rau hauv xws li ib qho kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim - thiab kis mus rau tag nrho cov array ntawm khaws cia saltpeter.

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej ntxiv hauv kev nthuav dav yam tsis muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab kawm txog qhov chaw tawg. Nws tsis paub meej npaum li cas tag nrho 2750 tons tau detonated. Detonation tsis yog ib qho pib kiag li uas ib txwm tshwm sim raws li nws tau sau rau ntawm daim ntawv. Nws tshwm sim tias TNT briquettes stacked ua ke detonate tsis yog tag nrho: qee qhov ntawm lawv tsuas yog tawg mus rau sab, yog tias kev ntsuas kev ntseeg siab tsis raug coj los hloov lub detonation ntawm lawv.

Tom qab cov pob zeb tawg loj heev, thaum ntau pua thiab txhiab lub qhov dej uas muaj cov khoom tawg tau tawg (lawv tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov khoom tawg rau ib lub hlis), tom qab huab cua ntawm cov plua plav tawm, tsuas yog cov kws tshaj lij thawj zaug nkag mus rau thaj chaw tawg thiab tshuaj xyuas qhov tawg. thiab dab tsi tsis tawg. Lawv kuj khaws cov khoom tawg tsis tau. Yog li nws yog nrog saltpeter nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev rau khoom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Beirut: qhov ua tiav ntawm detonation ntawm tawg ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm nitrate yog ib qho nyuaj rau txiav txim, tab sis nws yog tseeb hais tias nws yog heev loj.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tawg hauv Beirut

Daim duab ntawm qhov tawg zoo sib xws rau lub detonation ntawm nitrate. Ib kab loj ntawm cov pa luam yeeb-xim av tom qab tawg yog ib qho xim ntawm cov huab nrog liab nitrogen oxides, uas tau tso tawm ntau heev thaum lub sij hawm decomposition ntawm nitrate nyob rau hauv tawg. Vim qhov tsawg detonation tshaj tawm ntawm nitrate, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev tshwm sim.

Yog li ntawd, ib tug loj crater tsis tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov tawg: cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov piers thiab cov pob zeb hauv av npog ntawm lub warehouses tsis paub meej, yog li ntawd lawv tsis tau muab pov tseg. Vim li no, tsis muaj kev foob pob ntawm lub nroog nrog cov khoom ya los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev tawg, thiab cov sultan siab ntawm cov khoom ya thiab cov khoom tawg tau tsim los ntawm kev tawg tsis tau nce saum qhov chaw tawg.

Ib kem ntawm cov pa luam yeeb, xim los ntawm emissions ntawm nitrogen oxides thaum lub sij hawm decomposition ntawm ammonium nitrate / © dnpr.com ua.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tso tawm ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw - dej vapor, nitrogen oxides - muab cov duab tawg ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tawg tawg. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov nrawm nrawm nrawm, muaj zog txaus thiab pom zoo li cov phab ntsa pos huab ceev, qhov kev tua qhia tau hais tias ib phab ntsa ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob nthuav dav, sib xyaw nrog cov plua plav thiab tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb sai sai. Qhov no yog ib qho zoo rau kev tawg ntawm cov ntim loj nrog lub nrawm nrawm nrawm.

Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov tsev uas muaj qhov tshwm sim siab yuav qhia tau tias lawv tau cuam tshuam tsis yog los ntawm kev poob siab yoj nws tus kheej - muaj zog, tab sis lub sij hawm luv luv - tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam ntev dua rau qhov nthuav dav ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob tawg los ntawm thaj chaw tawg.

Nitrate tawg rau Beirut

Kev tawg ntawm cov chiv raws li nitric acid ntsev tau tshwm sim ua ntej, lawv paub zoo, muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej hauv keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 2001, nyob rau hauv Toulouse, ntawm cov chiv cog ntawm lub tuam txhab Grande Paroisse, lub hangar tawg, uas 300 tons ntawm ammonium nitrate tau detonated. Kwv yees li 30 tus neeg tuag, ntau txhiab tus raug mob. Ntau lub tsev hauv Toulouse raug puas tsuaj.

Ua ntej, thaum lub Plaub Hlis 16, 1947, muaj qhov tawg ntawm 2,100 tons ntawm ammonium nitrate nyob rau hauv lub nkoj "Grancan" nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Texas City, TEB CHAWS USA. Nws tau ua ntej los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub nkoj - qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws thiab cov xwm txheej tshwm sim. Qhov tawg tau ua rau hluav taws kub thiab tawg ntawm cov nkoj thiab cov chaw khaws roj nyob ze. Kwv yees li 600 tus neeg raug tua, ntau pua tus neeg ploj lawm, ntau tshaj tsib txhiab raug mob.

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 21, 1921, 12 txhiab tons ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ammonium sulfate thiab ammonium nitrate tau tawg ntawm BASF tshuaj cog ze ntawm lub nroog Oppau hauv Bavaria. Kev tawg ntawm lub hwj chim zoo li no ua rau lub qhov dej loj loj, ob lub zos uas nyob ze tshaj plaws tau rhuav tshem lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab lub nroog Oppau raug puas tsuaj.

Kev puas tsuaj loj tawg ntawm ammonium nitrate nrog kev puas tsuaj loj thiab ntau tus neeg raug tsim txom tau tshwm sim xyoo 2004 hauv North Kauslim lub nroog Ryongcheon; xyoo 2013 hauv nroog West hauv Texas, Tebchaws USA; nyob rau hauv 2015 nyob rau hauv lub nroog chaw nres nkoj ntawm Tianjin hauv Suav teb. Thiab daim ntawv mus rau.

Hmoov tsis zoo, ammonium nitrate, nrog rau tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig loj uas nws coj mus rau ib tus neeg, tseem yog cov khoom txaus ntshai uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb hauv kev tuav. Thiab kev tsis saib xyuas lossis kev tsis saib xyuas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj xwm txheej tshiab, kev tiv thaiv uas yuav tsum muaj ob qho tib si nruj cov cai tswj hwm nitrate thiab nce lub luag haujlwm rau lawv txoj kev saib xyuas thiab kev siv.