Cov txheej txheem:

Lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman: tsev kho mob, nyiaj laus, cov menyuam ncaws pob pab pawg
Lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman: tsev kho mob, nyiaj laus, cov menyuam ncaws pob pab pawg

Video: Lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman: tsev kho mob, nyiaj laus, cov menyuam ncaws pob pab pawg

Video: Lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman: tsev kho mob, nyiaj laus, cov menyuam ncaws pob pab pawg
Video: QHIA QHOV TSEEB - KUB VAJ LOOG TSUA NEW MUSIC VIDEO 2022 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm thaum pib ntawm industrialization thiab intensive kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm, yuav tsum tau txhim kho cov kev pab cuam kho mob rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm thiab cov creation ntawm cov tsev kho mob nyob rau hauv factories thiab nroj tsuag nce. Ib hnub qauv raug qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev pov hwm tiv thaiv kev raug xwm txheej hauv kev lag luam, thiab cov nyiaj laus tau raug teeb tsa ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam.

Xyoo 1903, muaj "Txoj Cai ntawm kev them nyiaj rau cov neeg raug tsim txom, nrog rau cov tswv cuab ntawm lawv tsev neeg, hauv kev lag luam ntawm lub Hoobkas, kev lag luam mining thiab mining." Txoj cai lij choj no tau tsim lub luag haujlwm tag nrho ntawm cov tswv ntiav rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum muaj xwm txheej hauv kev lag luam. Thaum muaj kev tsis taus ib ntus, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau them 1⁄2 ntawm cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab, thiab thaum muaj kev tsis taus, 2⁄3 ntawm cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab. Thaum tus neeg ua haujlwm tuag, nws tus poj ntsuam thiab cov menyuam tau txais nws cov nyiaj.

Nyob rau lub Rau Hli 23, 1912, ib txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau txais kev pom zoo - "Rau muab cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum muaj mob." Txoj cai lij choj tau muab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kom tau txais cov nyiaj them thaum muaj kev xiam oob qhab ib ntus thiab cov neeg ua lag luam yuav tsum tau npaj kev kho mob dawb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau sau cov nyiaj tsim nyog, cov nyiaj mob tau tsim - cov koom haum pej xeem ywj pheej tswj hwm los ntawm cov ntawv pov hwm lawv tus kheej.

Los ntawm cov nyiaj laus pension (uas, raws li txoj cai, them nyiaj laus rau ob qho tib si ntev ntawm kev pabcuam thiab kev xiam oob khab), cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig kev mob nkeeg ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov tuam txhab thiab cov chaw haujlwm. Cov txiaj ntsig no tsis tau txais kev sau npe cais; thaum muaj mob, tus neeg ua haujlwm tsuas yog txuas ntxiv tau txais cov nyiaj hli ib txwm.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hnub so hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej kev hloov pauv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv ib xyoos yog 45.

Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm lub tsev kho mob:

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Lub Krenholm Manufactory tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1857 los ntawm tus pioneer ntawm paj rwb spinning kev lag luam nyob rau hauv Russia, Ludwig Knop, ua ke nrog Kozma Soldatenkov thiab Alexei Khludov.

Xyoo 1890-1908. ib qho kev tsim vaj tsev, suav nrog cov tsev rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab rau cov menyuam yaus, cov tsev rau cov thawj coj tsim khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, tsev kho mob, tsev kho mob me nyuam yaus, ntxhua khaub ncaws, lub tsev noj mov thiab lwm yam, txhawm rau txhim kho kev tsim kho vaj tse. lub chaw tsim khoom.

Lub tuam txhab tau saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm nws cov neeg ua haujlwm, lub chaw tsim khoom muaj nws lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas muaj txog li 1,200 tus menyuam yaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm raug cob qhia dawb, nrog rau cov chaw zov me nyuam uas cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tso lawv cov menyuam mus rau ib hnub. ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj da dej thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws nrog dej kub, uas lawv tuaj yeem siv dawb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob hauv lub Hoobkas hauv cov tsev cib tsev, tsuas yog them tus nqi xauj tsev xwb.

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hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv:

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Phau ntawv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm "Kev tiv thaiv lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam". xyoo 1915

Los ntawm Department of Trade thiab Industry.

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"Cov nyiaj tau los thiab kev siv nyiaj ntawm Zemstvos ntawm 34 Lub Xeev los ntawm Kev kwv yees rau xyoo 1910". Tsim los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Nyiaj hli. Saint Petersburg. xyoo 1912.

Tsev kho mob tau tsim nyob txhua qhov chaw.

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Tsev Neeg yog ib lub koom haum pej xeem kab lis kev cai thiab kev kawm nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary Russia.

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Donbass railway kho cov neeg ua haujlwm. Kramatorsk. 1910s ua.

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Fragment ntawm ib daim duab.

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Kho cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Trans-Baikal railway, Pankovka chaw nres tsheb, 3rd tsev kawm ntawv, 21st ua haujlwm department. xyoo 1916. Thaum lub tshoob.

Zaum (los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis):

Tus vauv yog Andrey Belov.

Rem. Tus neeg ua haujlwm Grigory Vasiliev Artyuk

Artel tus tub ceev xwm G. M. Merzlin

Sawv ntsug (los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis):

Rem. Tus neeg ua haujlwm Bekmurza (patronymic illegible) Bekmurzaev

Tus kws ntoo Igor Belyaev

Tus neeg ua haujlwm Maxim Fedorov Tkachenko

Tus neeg ua haujlwm Fyodor Prokofiev Kolomeets

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Ua hauj lwm tiam. Gunsmith A. P. Kalganov nrog nws tus tub thiab tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv, 1910. lub nroog Chrysostom. Los ntawm sau los ntawm S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky.

Ib haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg peasants ntawm lub zos Rybatskoye, Peter Alexandrovich Kazarin, yug. 1878-28-01, ib tug neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Obukhov Steel Cog, nyob rau hauv 1903 yuav ib daim phiaj thiab ua ib lub tsev ntawm txoj kev. 3 kab (txoj kev ntawm 3rd Pyatiletki). Lub tsev muaj ib lub vaj zaub, ib lub vaj loj, ib tug apiary, ib ncig ntawm lub tsev yog zoo-groomed - Pyotr Alexandrovich paub raws li ib tug avid gardener, tau koom nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm paj.

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Lub Ob Hlis 8, 1916. No. 1537 Aleksandrovskoe zos, Petrograd.

Daim ntawv pov thawj.

Qhov no tau muab rau tus kws kos duab ntawm Lub Xauv thiab Sight Rhiav Pyotr Kazarin nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau 6th hnub ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1915, raws li cov puav pheej ntawm lub Committee ntawm kev pab cuam ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub Civil Administration thiab khoom plig, nws yog heev MERCY. ua siab dawb siab zoo rau lub STATE IMPERATOR kom hnav ib daim ntaub nyiaj ntawm nws lub hauv siab nrog ib daim ntawv sau rau ntawm nws lub hauv siab. "Rau kev mob siab rau"

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Pab pawg ncaws pob rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Nikolskaya Manufactory. Orekhovo-Zuevo. 1910s ua.

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Txhua-Lavxias Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Exhibition, uas tau qhib rau lub Rau Hli 7, 1913 hauv St. Petersburg, hauv Maly Petrovsky Park.

Los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Niva" No. 30, 1913.

Ib feem ntawm tsab xov xwm hais txog lub cev kab lis kev cai, tsim kom muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas:

Pom zoo: