Hluav taws xob tswm ciab Yablochkov - pib ntawm lub electrification ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb no

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab hluav taws xob inventor Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov yug nyob rau hauv 1847 nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm Russia - nyob rau hauv lub Serdobsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Saratov xeev.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19 xyoo, cov tub ntxhais hluas Pavel, uas tau kawm tiav los ntawm Nikolaev Engineering School hauv St. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm ua tub rog kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv Kronstadt Pavel Yablochkov thawj zaug ntsib thiab xav paub nyob rau hauv lub secrets ntawm hluav taws xob engineering rau tag nrho nws lub neej - nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws yog kev loj hlob ntawm hluav taws xob uas yog lub siab tshaj plaws frontier. ntawm science.

Tom qab ua haujlwm rau hnub kawg thiab so haujlwm mus rau qhov chaw cia, tus kws ua haujlwm Yablochkov tsis tawm hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Raws li ib tug kws tshaj lij, nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm telegraph chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Moscow-Kursk railway. Txij li thaum xyoo 1874, Yablochkov yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Natural Science Society ntawm Moscow Polytechnic Tsev khaws puav pheej, qhov chaw uas nws pom nws thawj invention - thawj electromagnet nrog ib tug ca winding.

Xyoo tom ntej, 1875, Pavel Nikolayevich mus rau Tebchaws Meskas rau lub ntiaj teb exhibition hauv Philadelphia, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau London rau kev nthuav qhia ntawm precision thiab lub cev seev cev. Txaus siab los ntawm hluav taws xob engineering, nws mob siab rau tus kheej pom txhua qhov kev ua tiav kev tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Tsis ntev Yablochkov tuaj txog hauv Paris, qhov twg, raws li tus kws tshaj lij, nws yooj yim tau txais txoj haujlwm hauv kev cob qhia cov cuab yeej siv lub cev ntawm Swiss engineer Breguet - thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nws yog ib lub chaw tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Ntawm no, thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1876, Yablochkov tau ua tiav kev tsim kho ntawm nws tus qauv tsim rau lub teeb hluav taws xob thiab lub Peb Hlis 23 tau txais lub ntiaj teb thawj patent No. Hnub no tau dhau los ua keeb kwm hnub, qhov hloov pauv hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob engineering, thiab lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom Lavxias.

Hluav taws xob "Yablochkov Candle" tam sim ntawd tau txais kev lees paub los ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau yav dhau los versions ntawm hluav taws xob "carbon teeb" (tshwj xeeb, Lavxias teb sab inventor Alexander Lodygin), nws tig tawm mus rau me me, yooj yim dua, tsis muaj teeb meem tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm springs, thiab yog li ntawd - pheej yig dua. thiab siv tau yooj yim dua.

Yog tias tag nrho cov kev tsim kho yav dhau los ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo uas muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog cov qauv kev sim uas tau ua haujlwm rau kev sim lossis kev lom zem, ces "Yablochkov tswm ciab" tau los ua thawj lub teeb pom kev zoo uas tuaj yeem siv dav hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab hauv lub neej. xyaum. Lavxias teb sab " tswm ciab" muaj ob tug carbon rods sib cais los ntawm ib tug insulating gasket ua los ntawm kaolin, ib tug tshwj xeeb refractory qib ntawm av nplaum. Cov pas nrig thiab cov khoom siv insulating "kub tawm" ntawm tib lub nrawm, lub teeb tig tawm kom ci, muaj peev xwm ua kom pom kev hauv thaj chaw thiab hmo ntuj.

Lavxias teb sab invention, ci ntsa iab rau lub sij hawm ntawd, tam sim ntawd pom cov tswv yim daim ntawv thov - thawj zaug nyob rau hauv Paris, qhov twg ib tug hluav taws xob engineer tau ua tiav nws invention rau industrial siv. Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1877, Yablochkov lub tswm ciab thawj illuminated lub feem ntau fashionable khw nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Fabkis, ces tswm ciab nrog lub engraving "Lavxias teb sab teeb" tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm garlands ntawm matte dawb pob nyob rau hauv lub square nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Opera, uas ua rau muaj cua daj cua dub. zoo siab ntawm cov neeg European. Raws li cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm lub sij hawm sau: "Yablochkov tiag tiag muab rau cov neeg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th ua txuj ci tseem ceeb … Lub teeb los rau peb los ntawm sab qaum teb - los ntawm Russia."

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 17, 1877, "Yablochkov's tswm ciab" tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam - lawv tau teeb tsa West Indies docks hauv London. Tsis ntev, lub teeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab inventor illuminated yuav luag tag nrho cov chaw ntawm lub British capital - lub Thames embankment, Waterloo Choj thiab lwm yam architectural lug. Yuav luag ib txhij, lub "Lavxias teb sab teeb" kov yeej lwm lub nroog nyob sab Europe, thiab nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1878 Yablochkov lub tswm ciab ci lub khw hauv Philadelphia, lub squares ntawm Rio de Janeiro thiab Mexico. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, Burma, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub palaces ntawm Cambodia.

Yablochkov lub teeb hluav taws xob tuaj rau Russia thaum Lub Kaum Hli 11, 1878, illuminating Kronstadt barracks, tom qab ntawd yim lub pob ntawm cov hlau pedestals illuminated lub tsev ntawm Bolshoi Theatre hauv St. "Tsis muaj dab tsi kis tau sai npaum li Yablochkov lub tswm ciab," sau ntawv xov xwm ntawm xyoo ntawd.

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws tsim ntawm hluav taws xob incandescent teeb sai sai tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis nws yog lub Lavxias teb sab "Yablochkov tswm ciab" uas launched lub electrification ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb no. Raws li cov neeg kawm tiav tau lees paub, Yablochkov "coj lub teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm physicist lub chaw kuaj mob mus rau txoj kev." Tus neeg tsim khoom tau txais khoom plig los ntawm Lavxias Imperial Technical Society rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo hauv kev xyaum.

Tsis ntev tom qab qhov kev yeej ntawm nws "tswj tswm ciab" Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov rov qab mus rau Russia thiab pib tsim cov tshuaj muaj zog thiab kev lag luam tam sim no. Tus neeg tsim khoom txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm mus txog hnub kawg, nws tuag hauv 1894 hauv Saratov, ua haujlwm rau lub teeb pom kev zoo rau nws lub nroog. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub reconstructed memorial ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, ib tug tswm ciab yog "kub" thiab nws cov yaj saub cov lus, hais tias 137 xyoo dhau los, yog engraved: "Electric tam sim no yuav muab rau lub tsev zoo li roj los yog dej."