Phau ntawv twg nrog peb cov tub rog thaum tsov rog

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

"Cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog dhau los ua ib lub suab nrov tiag tiag ntawm tus phab ej ntawm cov neeg." Qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus ntawm Alexei Tolstoy muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov tseeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Great Patriotic War.

Xa ntawv

"Kuv nyuam qhuav nug tus thawj coj: koj puas tau xa ib phau ntawv? “Yog lawm,” nws teb. Tsis tsuas yog lub parcel xwb, tab sis kuj tseem qhib tau tsab ntawv. Cov txiv neej tau npog nrog cov hluav taws kub mortar uas nws tsis tuaj yeem nqa lawv lub taub hau tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv. Nws tsuas yog thaum yav tsaus ntuj, mus rau hauv qhov tob tob, uas lawv tau ua lub npog ntsej muag thiab nyeem tsab ntawv. Kev xyiv fab thiab kev zoo siab npaum li cas! Tag nrho cov tub rog thov kom kuv sau rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm koj lub tsev qiv ntawv hnub tom qab …"

Tsab ntawv ntawm kev ua tsaug no, sau nrog txhais tes ntawm ib tug tub rog Mikhail Melnikov, sewn nrog ib tug splinter thiab xa los ntawm ib tug tub rog tsev kho mob, yog ib tug ntawm cov ntau zaj lus tim khawv txog lub invaluable tseem ceeb ntawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub fiery xyoo ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Ib tug neeg mus dhau tag nrho cov kev tsov rog nrog ib tug ntim ntawm lawv nyiam paj huam, ib tug neeg - nrog Nikolai Ostrovsky tus tshiab "Yuav ua li cas cov hlau yog Tempered", thiab ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug pem hauv ntej comrade nyob rau hauv ib tug astronomy phau ntawv.

Cov phau ntawv tau khaws nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm lub nroog foob pob, pom hauv cov tsev puas tsuaj, tau txais los ntawm cov ntawv xa tawm pem hauv ntej los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm, coj mus rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm kev so luv luv … "Kuv nco cov phau ntawv txaus ntshai. Hauv ib lub zos peb pom "Eugene Onegin", yog li peb nyeem nws tawm mus rau nws lub qhov. Txhua feeb dawb lawv nyeem nws nrov nrov nrog kev zoo siab, "Ariadna Dobromyslova, tus kws qhia kev noj qab haus huv ntawm 308th phom loj, hais rau nws tsev neeg hauv tsab ntawv.

Cov paj huam uas tau theej los ntawm txhais tes tau muab zais rau saum lawv lub kaus mom - thiab lawv ua siab tawv mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, lawv tau npaj kev nyeem ntawv rau cov phooj ywg. Lawv kuj tau siv phau ntawv rau kev sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv tub rog - sau cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv av nruab nrab ntawm kab thiab xa lawv mus rau pem hauv ntej kab.

Legends ntawm phau ntawv txuj ci tseem ceeb tau dhau los ntawm qhov ncauj mus rau qhov ncauj. Alexei Tolstoy tus tshiab "Peter Thawj" tau cawm lub neej ntawm cov tub rog Georgy Leonov: ib lub mos txwv tau daig nyob rau hauv ib tug tuab ntim zais nyob rau hauv nws tunic. Senior Lieutenant Pyotr Mishin dim txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua ua tsaug rau ib phau ntawm Pushkin cov paj huam: tau tawg los ntawm ob puas nplooj ntawv, lub plhaub tawg tau nres raws nraim … ua ntej cov paj huam "Talisman"!

Cov npe ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tau raug xa mus rau cov tub rog thiab cov cuab yeej siv tub rog: ib lub npe hu ua Gorky, muaj npe tom qab Lermontov; Lub tank "Vladimir Mayakovsky", "aircraft Dmitry Furmanov" … Pushkin tau coj mus rau hauv cov neeg coob ntawm ib tug ntawm cov patrol nkoj ntawm lub Northern Fleet. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm kev sib faib, Maxim Gorky tau ua haujlwm ua "tus tub rog Red Army", nws lub npe raug hu tawm txhua hnub hauv kev xyaum.

Tus thawj coj ntawm ib lub koom haum ntawm Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej nthuav tawm cov paj huam sau "Kobzar" los ntawm Taras Shevchenko rau cov tub rog sib tw ua ib qho khoom plig sib tw. Tus kws sau ntawv hluas Ivan Dmitrochenko, tsa tus thawj coj ntawm ib rab phom ntawm Leningrad pem hauv ntej, rau txim rau nws cov tub rog: "Rau Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - hluav taws! Rau "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb" - Hluav Taws! Rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo Lavxias teb sab - hluav taws!.."

Cov archives muaj ntau cov ntawv thov rau pem hauv ntej kom xa cov ntawv. “Ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, muaj ib lub sij hawm uas koj xav nyeem tsawg kawg yog me ntsis … Yog tias ua tau, xa ib yam dab tsi los ntawm phau ntawv dab neeg. Laus, shabby, zoo dua yog tias tsis muaj khi, yog li koj tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv lub hnab duffel lossis lub hnab teb,”saib cov tub rog Red Army A. P. Stroinin rau cov tsev qiv ntawv.

Muab ob npaug ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv raug xa mus rau pem hauv ntej. Muaj ib txwm sau phau ntawv los ntawm cov pej xeem pej xeem. Cov phau ntawv hauv tsev tau ua los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm clippings. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, paj huam txawm tau luam tawm ntawm lub hnab ntawm cov zaub mov concentrates.

Phau ntawv-tub rog kws kho mob

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov phau ntawv hauv tsev kho mob yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev nyeem ntawv nrov nrov thiab sau ntawv yav tsaus ntuj tau teeb tsa rau cov neeg raug mob. Qhov kev thov loj tshaj plaws yog kev lom zem cov ntaub ntawv: taug txuj kev nyuaj, dab neeg tshawb nrhiav, dab neeg dab neeg, feuilletons - txhua yam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov mob thiab zoo siab. Thiab cov ntawv nyeem dav dav tshaj plaws yog "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb" los ntawm Tolstoy, "Gadfly" los ntawm Voynich, "Yuav Ua Li Cas Cov Hlau Yog Tempered" los ntawm Ostrovsky.

Cov kev kawm Bibliotherapeutic tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv cov kab kos duab pem hauv ntej ntawm Nikolai Zhukov, Tib Neeg Artist ntawm USSR. Ib tus kws kos duab muaj peev xwm thiab kos duab kos duab, nws tau ntsib Kev yeej hauv Vienna nrog qib ntawm tus thawj coj, ua sketches ntawm Nuremberg kev sim - hauv 40 hnub nws tsim txog 400 cov duab ntawm tag nrho nws cov neeg koom.

Tus thawj ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics uas tawm tsam heroically nrog peb cov tub rog yog Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Qhov no tau ua pov thawj los ntawm cov dab neeg uas tsis yog thawj zaug thiab cov ntawv sau txog kev ua tsov ua rog. Cov ntawv pov thawj Memorial thiab cov tsev khaws puav pheej pov thawj nco txog qhov no.

Zaj dab neeg ntawm Pushkin sau xa mus rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm ib tug hluas Muscovite nrog inscription: "Los ntawm cov ntxhais ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj npe tom qab. Stalin ua khoom plig. Nyeem, nyob zoo cov phooj ywg, thiab nyiam Pushkin cov paj huam. Qhov no yog kuv tus kws sau paj huam, tab sis kuv txiav txim siab xa phau ntawv no - koj xav tau ntau, nco ntsoov peb. Peb ua riam phom rau koj. Ua tsaug. Vera Goncharova ".

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942, nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv puas ntawm lub nroog ntawm Boguchar, Sergeant Stepan Nikolenko nrhiav tau ib tug ciaj sia taus ntim ntawm Pushkin cov paj huam thiab tsis koom nrog nws mus txog rau thaum Warsaw, mus txog rau thaum ib tug Nazi dav hlau dhia mus rau hauv lub convoy. Thaum nws sawv hauv tsev kho mob, Stepan thawj zaug nug txog txoj hmoo ntawm phau ntawv nyiam.

Ib qho ncha ntawm zaj dab neeg ntxim nyiam no yog nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam nto moo Vera Inber: "… Nyob hauv tsev kho mob tau ntev nws pw tsaug zog, zoo li tuag, ntawm lub hauv ncoo. Thiab thawj yam uas nws nug, Muaj regained nco qab: "- Thiab Pushkin?" Thiab lub suab ntawm ib tug phooj ywg, maj, teb nws: "Pushkin tseem ciaj sia."

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no hnyav ntawm tib lub xyoo, Sergeant Boris Poletaev xaus nyob rau hauv ib tug tuag camp nyob ze Shauliai nrog ib phau ntawv ntawm Pushkin cov lus. Kev nyeem nrov nrov tau pab kom muaj sia nyob hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Raws li ib tug ntawm cov neeg raug kaw hais tias, "Pushkin nyob ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lub thib rau barracks, zoo li ib tug tub rog commissar: nws tsa lub siab ntawm cov neeg." Tam sim no phau ntawv no tsis muaj nqi - twb tau ploj lawm thiab poob nws lub hau - yog khaws cia rau hauv lub thawv khoom plig ntawm Lub Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts muaj npe tom qab. A. S. Pushkin.

Thiab lub Moscow Defense Tsev khaws puav pheej yog txaus siab rau "Pob portrait ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Alexander Pushkin - koom nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog" Vladimir Pereyaslavets. Nyob rau ntawm ib daim ntaub, thaum nyeem cov paj huam ntawm lawv yawm txiv yawg thiab yawm txiv yawg, ib tug kws kho tsheb dav hlau-mechanic, tub rog tub rog, tub rog ntawm Baltic Fleet, tus thawj coj ntawm chav sib txuas lus, tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua. ntawm ib tug anti-aircraft regiment thiab ib tug partisan ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj detachment converged.

Tus kws ua yeeb yam uas tau ua haujlwm hauv kev ua tsov ua rog raws li tus kws tsav dav hlau tau tsim ib zaj dab neeg tsis tseeb: cov duab tsis tau sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lawv lub rooj sib tham tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke hauv lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov ntawv nyeem zoo hauv tebchaws. Tib lub tswv yim yog nyob rau hauv cov paj huam zoo kawg nkaus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam pem hauv ntej Sergei Smirnov: "… Tab sis Pushkin, peb cov neeg txawj ntse Lavxias teb sab, tau taug kev nrog peb mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lub meej mom ntawm nws thaj av: Peb txhua tus nqa nws tej hauj lwm uas tsis nyob rau hauv. hnab duffel, tab sis hauv nco!"

Tej zaum 5, 1945 nkag mus rau keeb kwm raws li ib tug excerpt los ntawm Pushkin lub "Snowstorm", uas tau nyeem los ntawm lub actress ntawm lub Moscow Art Theatre Nina Mikhailovskaya ntawm lub puas Reichstag

… “Thaum kuv los txog ntawm kuv lub tuam txhab, kuv kawm tias tej phau ntawv tau tuag nrog kuv cov phooj ywg hauv caj npab. Kogan raug tua los ntawm lub plhaub thaum nyeem Goncharov phau ntawv. Cov phau ntawv ntawm Gorky thiab Ostrovsky tau tawg ua ke los ntawm kuv qhov ncaj qha, thiab tsis muaj ib qho ntawm lawv, "Mikhail Melnikov, tub rog uas tau rov qab los ua haujlwm, txuas ntxiv mus qhia cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv tsab ntawv rau cov tsev qiv ntawv. "Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Carpathians peb tau sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov phau ntawv, thiab cov neeg uas yuav tsum tuag tuag nrog lawv."