Paton qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb: kev ua tiav ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm vuam hauv USSR

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cia peb mus txuas ntxiv peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tob tob ntawm xyoo 1945 Kev yeej thiab qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Stalinist. Peb ua qhov no siv cov piv txwv ntawm ib tug zoo heev Lavxias teb sab thiab Soviet kws tshawb fawb, tus tsim ntawm lub koom haum ntawm hluav taws xob vuam, Academician ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub Ukrainian SSR Yevgeny Paton.

Nws tau ua tsaug rau nws cov tshuab vuam tsis siv neeg (ACC) uas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg hauv kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Nag hmo tus choj tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau los ua "tus neeg ua txhaum" ntawm ib qho ntawm Soviet Union lub sijhawm ua kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam. Nws pib-welding tuaj yeem raug muab tso rau hauv lub koob yees duab Victory riam phom ua ke nrog Katyusha, Il-2 nres dav hlau lossis cov lus dab neeg peb caug-plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li Yevgeny Oskarovich nws tus kheej.

Tab sis koj ua tiav qhov no li cas? Thiab nws puas tuaj yeem rov ua qhov no hauv Lavxias tam sim no?

Paton's hluav taws xob vuam hloov electrohephaestus

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1920s, thaum Yevgeny Paton yog tibneeg hu tauj coob nrog kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov choj thiab lawv cov kev tsim kho twb nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, nws xav txog qhov kev hloov ntawm riveted lug mus rau welded sawv daws yuav. Kev siv zog ntawm kev tsim kho cov choj tau txo qis ntau zaus, kev txuag nyiaj loj hauv cov hlau tau ua tiav, thiab lub sijhawm tsim kho tau txo qis heev. Tab sis yuav ua li cas qhov no yuav ua tau yog hais tias hluav taws xob welding tseem yog terra incognita rau nws, thiab lub teb chaws nyob deb dhau rau sab hnub poob nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm niaj hnub technologies? Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1929, ib tug Lavxias teb sab engineers, uas twb nyob rau hauv nws sixties, rushed nrog cov hluas fervor kom paub ib tug kiag li tshiab scientific thiab siv teb. Tsis yog los ntawm kos: hluav taws xob vuam (hu ua electrohephaestus) tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1883 los ntawm Nikolai Benardos, thiab nws txoj haujlwm tau khaws los ntawm Nikolai Slavyanov hauv xyoo 1890.

"Yog tias Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab USSR tau khwv tau tsuas yog los ntawm kev rho tawm thiab muag cov ntaub ntawv raw, cov kev txhim kho ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Paton yuav tsis tau pom dua."

Paton txiav txim siab mus txuas ntxiv lawv cov lag luam hauv xyoo 1929. Txawm hais tias Yevgeny Oskarovich ua haujlwm hauv Kiev, ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm Ukrainian SSR, thaum xub thawj nws tsis muaj chav kuaj, khoom siv, lossis txawm tias qhov chaw me me. Paton tau txais nws thawj qhov chaw nkaum ntawm Kiev cog "Bolshevik", qhov twg twb muaj ib tug vuam khw. Kev tshawb fawb pib ua haujlwm hauv tes nrog kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Thaum pib, Paton's lab muaj ib tus kws tshaj lij hluav taws xob thiab tus neeg siv khoom zoo siab. Welded beams raug sim rau lub zog ntawm Kiev Polytechnic Institute. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua hluav taws xob vuam thaum xub thawj aroused bewilderment nyob rau hauv kev kawm ib puag ncig: lawv hais tias, lub ntsiab lus yog nqaim, ib txoj hauj lwm tsis yog rau ib tug kws tshawb fawb, tab sis rau ib tug engineer. Tab sis Paton hais rau nws tus kheej - thiab Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm Ukrainian SSR muab nws peb chav nyob rau hauv qab daus ntawm lub qub gymnasium. Thiab dua, tus neeg tsim khoom txhawb nqa nws cov neeg ua haujlwm: cia peb ua haujlwm nrog kev lag luam!

“… Lub chaw kuaj hluav taws xob vuam yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb puffy, tab sis tiag tiag pab kev lag luam kom paub cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm cov hlau vuam. Kuv ceeb toom lawv tias lawv yuav tsum tau mus xyuas cov chaw tsim khoom ntau, pab lawv daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm vuam, cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm rau cov chaw tsim khoom, sib ntaus sib tua cov neeg txhawb nqa … " - tus kws tshaj lij sau rau hauv nws cov ntawv sau cia. Cov lus no yuav raug nyeem los ntawm tam sim no "cov thawj coj" ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev tshawb fawb, uas xav tau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tsuas yog cov ntawv ceeb toom thiab cov ntawv pov thawj hauv cov ntawv xov xwm.

Tab sis lub zog ntawm ib lub chaw kuaj mob tsis tseem ceeb. Thiab ces, nyob rau hauv 1930, Paton ua ib tug bold kauj ruam: raws li cov lus qhia ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm Boris Gorbunov, nws tau tsim lub Electric Vuam Committee ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub Ukrainian SSR, nyob rau hauv uas lub Hoobkas engineers thiab welders koom. Ntawd yog, tus kws tshaj lij-titan rov mus rau qhov kev koom tes dav tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb. Thiab nws hloov tawm!

Tus kws tshawb fawb-engineer yeej tsis nkees ntawm kev rov ua dua: kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam yuav tsum ua haujlwm hauv kev sib koom ua ke ze tshaj plaws, tus kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau mus xyuas cov chaw tsim khoom thiab pab txhawb nqa lawv txoj kev txhim kho.

“… Puas yog tus kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum koom nrog rau txhua qhov no, nws puas yuav ua tsov rog nrog cov neeg uas saib txhua yam ntawm lawv lub tuam tsev tswb? Los yog tej zaum peb txoj kev lag luam yog muab cov neeg no los yog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawd thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau kev tshawb fawb tshiab?..

… Yuav ua li cas yog absurd ntau nyob rau hauv peb Soviet tej yam kev mob tshaj li ib tug "pov thawj ntawm ntshiab science"? " - Peb nyeem nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm memoirs. Zoo, ces tag nrho qhov no tau ua tau: cov chaw tsim khoom tau ua haujlwm ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Kev ua neej nyob industrialization muab lub zog rau kev tsim kho science.

Cia peb rov qab mus rau peb hnub. Puas muaj tej yam zoo li no niaj hnub no, thaum cov chaw tsim khoom loj "tuag" hauv Kiev, Moscow, thiab hauv nroog loj? Hloov chaw ntawm lawv muaj cov khw thiab chaw lom zem, lossis cov chaw zes ntawm "kreakl" (tattoo parlors, advertising cov koom haum, khw kas fes thiab teeb), lossis lub quarters ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb crook? Tau kawg tsis. Yog tias qee qhov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov hlau tawv tawv nrog kev pab ntawm nanotech tshwm sim hnub no - qhov twg los tsim thiab faib nws? Qhov twg yog cov chaw tsim khoom uas yuav muab kev txiav txim rau kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum rau kev tsim kho tshiab, dab tsi yuav nrhiav cov tub ntxhais kawm txawj ntse los ua haujlwm hauv tsev? Tsis muaj ib tug ntawm lawv. Thiab tsis muaj chaw yug me nyuam rau cov kws tshawb fawb. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv lub USSR, factories thiab nroj tsuag tau ua hauj lwm nrog lub hwj chim thiab lub ntsiab. Nws yog kev lag luam uas rub Paton txoj kev pib. Tshem tawm cov cua daj cua dub ntawm Stalin, thiab Paton qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb yuav ploj mus. Yuav wither thiab wither zoo li ib tug txiav paj.

Nws mus. Kharkov cog "Rov thiab Sickle" xa mus rau kev ntsuam xyuas thav ntawv ntawm ob threshers - riveted thiab welded. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg nyob hauv Kharkiv tau hloov pauv mus rau vuam. Ces Zaporozhye Kommunar, uas tsim ua ke, ua tib yam.

"Cov chav kawm ruaj khov no rau kev sib raug zoo nrog kev tsim khoom, hais txog qhov ncaj qha "rov qab" ntawm peb txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb los xyaum, chav kawm ntawm kev ua phem, nquag thiab tsis nyob hauv lub neej ntau thiab ntau tau txiav txim siab lub neej ntawm peb pawg neeg vuam. Nws cov tswv cuab tau txuas nrog rau cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab ua lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb nyob ntawd. Kiev welders twb paub txoj kev mus rau pawg neeg zoo, Hoobkas engineers los ntawm lwm lub nroog tsis tsuas yog sau ntawv rau peb, tab sis feem ntau tuaj rau lub chaw kuaj mob lawv tus kheej rau kev pab thiab lus qhia … " - Yevgeny Oskarovich nco qab.

Nws yog kev ua haujlwm nrog kev lag luam, kev ua tiav hauv vuam ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho ntawm Magnitka uas tau tso cai rau Paton thiab nws pab neeg tau txais nyiaj txiag rau kev tshawb fawb loj. Cia peb ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias yav tom ntej Stalin Prize Laureate tau ua raws li tus neeg ua lag luam tshiab. Nws tsis tau sau ntawv mus rau cov pej xeem commissariats thiab departments nrog cov kev npaj thiab thov nyiaj thiab kev pab, tsis xav kom muaj ib tug assignments los ntawm lawv. Paton, raws li kev lag luam tag nrho, tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm nws tus kheej thiab teeb tsa txoj haujlwm rau nws tus kheej, vam khom rau qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom tiag tiag.

Lub sijhawm tau los los tsim lub koom haum ua haujlwm puv ntoob hloov chaw sim me me.

Nyob rau hauv-kab vuam lub sij hawm

Xyoo 1932, Yevgeny Paton tau tham nrog tus thawj coj ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm Ukrainian SSR, Alexander Bogomolets, txog qhov xav tau los tsim ib qho IES - Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Hluav Taws Xob. Tab sis tsis muaj nyiaj txaus. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim lub tsev tshiab, thiab Paton teb tias: "… peb nkag siab tias tam sim no, thaum muaj kev tsim kho zoo li no, lub xeev suav txhua txhua ruble. Yog li ntawd, peb npaj tau los ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj plaws, yog tias tsuas yog nws yuav txaus rau lub tsev. Thiab dab tsi yuav tsum tau muab cov cuab yeej siv, peb yuav khwv tau peb tus kheej raws li kev cog lus nrog cov chaw tsim khoom …"

Thiab dua peb tu siab txo peb lub taub hau. Ib zaug ntxiv, tsis hais txog tam sim no Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nws cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex yog me me heev nyob rau hauv ntim mus cuag txawm science.

IES tau tshwm sim hauv 1934, xya xyoo ua ntej tsov rog. Tsis ntev lub tsev ob-zaj yuav ua me me, thiab dua cov Patonians tab tom tsim kev tsim kho rau lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev sib cog lus nrog cov chaw tsim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub koom haum tsis kam yuav cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws: nws tus kheej cov tshuab ntsuas tau raug tsim los ntawm IES. Thiab cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov ntawv cog lus nrog cov lag luam yog ob zaug ntawm kev faib los ntawm lub xeev pob nyiaj siv. Thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd, Evgeny Paton xav txog kev tsim cov tshuab tsis siv neeg rau lub Hoobkas vuam, xyaum cov neeg hlau uas tsis muaj zog, tes yuav tsis flinch thaum lub seam, thiab lub qhov muag yuav tsis poob. Thiab txhua lub tshuab yuav hloov lub kaum os cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Kev yug ntawm lub tshuab vuam tsis siv neeg

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev xyaum ntawm IES tau sib koom tes. Kev ua yuam kev, qee zaum ua tsis tiav, tab sis tsim lub vuam taub hau zoo dua li ib qho tuaj txawv teb chaws, ua pov thawj nws qhov zoo tshaj ntawm Gorky Automobile Plant. Tsis ntev los no lub koom haum tuaj yeem nthuav tawm 180 txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab rau kev siv vuam tsis siv neeg ntawm cov kab, kab, cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tsheb, boilers thiab lwm yam.

Txhawm rau kom deb tshaj li tib neeg cov khoom tsim tau, cov Patonians txiav txim siab los ua kom lub zog tam sim no thiab npog cov chaw kom welded nrog ib txheej ntawm flux thiaj li cais lawv ntawm huab cua thiab xyuas kom zoo ntawm cov seams. Eugene Paton teeb tsa lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lub koom haum: lub tshuab yuav tsum npaj rau xyoo 1940!

Kuv muaj ntau dua ib zaug tau ntseeg los ntawm kuv tus kheej qhov kev paub dhau los tias cov teeb meem nyuaj thiab txaus ntshai yog qhov nthuav ntau dua los daws dua qhov yooj yim thiab me me. Thiab txawm tias qhov no tsis zoo li qhov tsis sib xws, nws yooj yim dua los daws.

Thaum ib tug neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob hla ib tug hillock, tab sis mus rau ib tug ntxhab, inaccessible ncov nyob rau hauv science los ntawm cua daj cua dub, nws sau, mobilizes, thiab ces muab tag nrho cov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nws, nws yuav muaj zog, ntse dua, txawj ntse. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws yooj yim dua rau nws ua haujlwm,”tus kws tshawb fawb nws tus kheej hais.

Tus kws tshaj lij (tsis yog lub xeev!) teeb tsa txoj haujlwm: Lub Rau Hli 1, 1940, los qhia qhov ua tiav tsis siv neeg installation rau kaw hluav taws xob arc submerged arc vuam.

Cov huab cua nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab Stalin lub khawv koob civilization kuj ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm no. Kaum tawm lab tus tib neeg raug ntes nyob rau hauv lub zog Stakhanov. Nws tsis yog xav tsis thoob tias Evgeny Oskarovich - heev nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub sij hawm cua daj cua dub - teem ua ntej nws cov neeg ua hauj lwm uas zoo li tsis yooj yim sua.

Lub IES tau tiv nrog nws thaum kawg lub Tsib Hlis 1940. Auto-welding ntawm Paton nyob rau hauv flux yog txaus siab rau Joseph Stalin nws tus kheej. Tus kws qhia ntawv tau txais khoom plig Stalin hauv lub Peb Hlis 1941. Ib tsab cai tshwj xeeb ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees thiab tsoomfwv yuav tsum ua kom paub txog qhov tsis siv neeg submerged-arc vuam thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Stalin caw Paton mus rau Moscow - kom nthuav tawm cov thev naus laus zis thiab rhuav tshem kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas.

Ntawm no peb tam sim ntawd nco ntsoov qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov zoo kawg nkaus Stalinist kev vam meej. Tsis muaj leej twg tab tom txhim kho tsis siv neeg submerged-arc vuam rau lub ntsiab lus nqaim tub rog-kev lag luam, tsuas yog rau kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov foob pob hluav taws. Tsis yog, kev siv thev naus laus zis tau cog lus tias yuav muaj kev vam meej hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, hauv kev txuag cov peev txheej, tau npaj los siv rau hauv kev lag luam kev thaj yeeb. Rau zus tau tej cov welded wagons, agromachines, kab thiab kav rau cov roj refining thiab tshuaj kev lag luam, rau lub tsheb thiab shipbuilding, welding steel choj modules. Tom qab ntawd nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev qhia txog kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv lub tebchaws, Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws ntawm USSR Vyacheslav Malyshev yuav dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev tsim kho lub tank thiab siv Paton cov phom tua phom nrog lub zog thiab lub ntsiab rau kev tsim cov tsheb armored. Tab sis lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tsis yog ntawm ib qho kev lag luam tiv thaiv, tab sis rau tag nrho kev lag luam.

Ntawm no dua peb pom yuav ua li cas tam sim no RF yog shamelessly poob nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog Stalinist Soviet Union. Tom qab tag nrho, nws nrhiav kev ua kom cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex tsuas yog lub tsheb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho kev lag luam, yam tsis tau sim ua kom muaj kev lag luam raws tag nrho pem hauv ntej. Hnub ua tsov ua rog, txhua yam txawv.

Shipbuilders tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhawb peb nrog lawv cov kev xav tau. Lawv xav tau ib tug compact, ke thiab lub teeb welding tshuab uas yuav txav raws seam nrog nws tus kheej tsab ntawv tsa suab. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo 1939, ib tug self-propelled tsis siv neeg tshuab tau yug los ntawm lub koom haum, uas peb hu ua ib tug vuam tsheb laij teb. (Lub npe no tau pom zoo los ntawm qhov zoo sib xws ntawm sab nraud thiab qhov tseeb tias peb lub tshuab txav raws cov ntawv hlau, zoo li lub tsheb laij teb ua liaj ua teb hla ib thaj chaw.) Peb cov tsheb laij teb thawj zaug tau npaj rau kev vuam cov sheathing ntawm lub dav hlau seem ntawm lub nkoj hulls thiab rau vuam lub lawj. thiab hauv qab.

Thaum submerged-arc vuam tshwm sim, peb rov qab mus rau lub tsheb laij teb thawj zaug ntawm peb. Tom qab reworking nws tsim, me ntsis tseem ntawm cov qub qauv. Tam sim no nws tau nruab nrog lub taub hau ntawm 1941 qauv, lub bunker rau flux tshwm sim, cov sliders khiav mus txog rau thaum lub seam raug txiav, thiab cov vuam ceev yuav raug kho nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 5 mus rau 70 meters ib teev … - tus legendary kws kawm ntawv rov qab.

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees thiab tsoomfwv ntawm USSR, tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1940 thiab tau mob siab rau Paton auto-welding, teeb tsa cov ntsiab lus rau kev taw qhia cov thev naus laus zis, nrog rau kev lav phib xaub ntawm cov neeg commissors. rau tej hauj lwm uas muab. Nws yog xav paub yuav ua li cas nws koom nrog txhawb cov innovators. Eugene Paton nws tus kheej tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm 50 txhiab rubles, 100 txhiab - kom muab khoom plig rau cov neeg ua haujlwm paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub koom haum. 1.2 lab rubles tau faib rau cov nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub Hoobkas uas txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv kev qhia txog cov cuab yeej tshiab ntawm lawv cov lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb thiab ib nrab lab tau faib rau kev tsim kho lub tsev tshiab rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Hluav Taws Xob Vuam thiab kev yuav khoom tshiab. Yog lawm, tam sim no tsab cai lij choj ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias yog ib qho duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav.

Kuv txaus siab tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Academician Paton nws tus kheej tau teeb tsa cov haujlwm rau nws lub koom haum, thiab lawv tau sawv los ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog kev lag luam ua haujlwm, ntawm kev lag luam. Tab sis tom qab ntawd Stalin thiab nws pab neeg muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm Paton thiab cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam zoo sib xws, khaws cov tswv yim hauv lub sijhawm thiab xa cov peev txheej ntawm lub xeev mus rau nws.

Grimy technomages ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog

Cov txheej xwm ntxiv yog paub. Thiab yuav ua li cas tsov rog tawm, yuav ua li cas lub koom haum tau khiav tawm mus rau Nizhny Tagil, thiab yuav ua li cas cov phom phom ACC ("Patons") tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1942 ntawm txhua lub lag luam ntawm legendary Tankograd. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv 1941 tsuas yog peb "Paton" robots ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub factories ntawm lub teb chaws, los ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944 twb muaj 133. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hluas thiab cov poj niam muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm rau lawv. Xav paub: Paton tau txais nws thawj Ph. D. degree nkaus xwb hauv 1945. Tab sis nws cov lus tshaj tawm tseeb yog lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab 110 ua choj. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub xeev tau ntsuas cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm kev ua tiag tiag, thiab tsis yog los ntawm "citation index".

Thaum tsov rog, Paton siv nws cov txheej txheem nyiam: nws txuas kev tshawb fawb thiab lub Hoobkas. Lub evacuated PWI hloov mus ua ib qho ntawm cov kev cob qhia ntawm Tankograd. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis hnav cov tsho dawb tag nrho: lawv tau smeared nrog lub tshuab roj, av nrog nplai thiab tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub khw, kho cov haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab vuam tsis siv neeg (txij li thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1941, Patons hu ua ACC). Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog xyoo, IES tau ua dab tsi yuav tau siv nees nkaum xyoo nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb. Ntawm lub hauv paus pib, tsis muaj cov lus txib los ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev, Patonians tsim lawv tus kheej cov tshuab vuam. Simplify lawv. Lawv siv lub peev xwm ntawm hluav taws xob arc los tswj tus kheej. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog accelerating unprecedentedly, muaj zog welds tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm armor-piercing shells. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov qauv ntawm German thev naus laus zis, cov kws tshawb fawb nkag siab: Nazi cov chaw tsim khoom noj cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm tes, qhov zoo ntawm cov seams yog qhov phem dua. Tus yeeb ncuab raug yuam kom siv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm txawj hauv kev tso tawm ntawm lawv lub tank. Thiab nyob rau hauv Tankograd, nag hmo cov amateurs los ua tus tswj vaj huam sib luag rau ACC neeg hlau: ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kev ua yeeb yam, ib tug nyob deb nroog tus kws qhia lej, tus tswv yug yaj los ntawm Dagestan, Bukhara paj rwb cog, ib tug artist los ntawm Ukraine. Cov tub, poj niam ua haujlwm rau ACC …

Nws tsis yog vim li cas xyoo 1943 Yevgeny Paton tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero of Socialist Labor. Nws tsis nkees thiab siv tag nrho tib lub rooj sib tham txog kev tshawb fawb thiab cov tswv yim zoo li xyoo 1930. Nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, engineers thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1943 tau muaj kev sib tham txog kev pib vuam …

Thiab nyob rau hauv 1945, welding robots-tsheb laij teb los ntawm Patonovites twb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm cov thawj gaskets "Saratov - Moscow" …

Puas yog Patons tshiab tuaj yeem ua tau hauv Lavxias Federation?

Cia peb rov qab los ntawm yav dhau los zoo kawg nkaus rau peb qhov tseeb. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm lub 75th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub Great yeej, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas cov Russians tswj kom poob. Peb yeej tseem yog nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg nyom ntawm xws li titans raws li thawj tus tsarist, thiab ces lub Soviet, tab sis saum toj no tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab engineer Paton. Ib tug selfless fanatic ntawm science thiab technology, lub siab tawv innovator, ib tug ardent Lavxias teb sab patriot.

Cia peb kos cov lus xaus rau hnub no. Ua ntej cov welders tsis siv neeg tau tshwm sim ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Tankograd, vuam thev naus laus zis ntawm Patonians pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thaj yeeb rau kev tsim khoom loj ntawm kev sib txuas thiab tsheb laij teb, tsheb thiab wagons, locomotives thiab mining khoom, dynamos thiab turbines. Yuav tsis muaj tag nrho qhov kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb no hauv peb lub tebchaws - yuav tsis muaj kev tawg ntawm Paton lub vuam neeg hlau hauv kev tsim cov tank. Yog hais tias kev lag luam ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab lub USSR raug txo tsuas yog rau kev rho tawm thiab muag cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab nrog ib tug me me hnyav ntxiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tub rog factories, Paton feem ntau yuav pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Cov noob ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab yuav tsum poob rau ntawm cov av fertile ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev loj hlob tiag tiag sector. Thiab nyob rau hauv Russia, alas, lawv xaus rau ntawm lub pob zeb liab qab ntawm raw khoom kev lag luam.

Kev lag luam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation yog qaug zog, thov kev tshawb fawb tau raug tshem tawm, thiab tsis muaj cov ntawv thov hauv RAS. Kev xav ntawm "cov thawj coj ua tau zoo" yog qhev, nrog kev nyuaj ntawm lub tebchaws tsis zoo: lawv nyiam coj cov thev naus laus zis tuaj.

Niaj hnub no muaj kev sib txawv me ntsis ua tsov rog tawm tsam Lavxias teb sab Federation - qhov thib ob txias. Kom ciaj sia thiab yeej, lub teb chaws desperately xav tau innovators thiab creators ntawm lub caliber ntawm Paton, Yakovlev, Tupolev, Lavochkin, Kamov, Kurchatov, thiab Korolev. Tab sis saib ib ncig thiab ua siab ncaj rau koj tus kheej: lawv puas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv Lavxias Federation txhua? Nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws ua ib qho appendage rau Gazprom thiab Rosneft, qhov twg xyaum txhua yam yog muas txawv teb chaws, txiav txim nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj? Qhov twg yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov peev nyiaj ntawm lub nroog xws li Elista rau ob peb xyoos tso cai rau nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau pawg thawj coj ntawm Sberbank thiab lwm lub koom haum hauv lub xeev? Feem ntau, yog tias Paton tshwm sim hnub no, nws yuav pom nws tus kheej hauv lub nroog nrog kev lag luam tuag. Nws yuav sim tshem tawm cov nyiaj pab los ntawm Ministry of Science ntawm Lavxias Federation rau nws lub tuam txhab tshiab tshiab (lossis mus rau chav kuaj hauv lub koom haum tshawb fawb waning), sau ib pawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, khob kaum ob ntawm cov thawj coj - thiab nto qaub ncaug rau. txhua yam. Tau tawm mus ua haujlwm qhov twg muaj kev lag luam niaj hnub. Rau Tuam Tshoj, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Tebchaws Asmeskas, kom pib nqa cov khoom rov qab los tsev.

Vladimir Putin qhov kev ua yuam kev loj heev yog tias thaum nws kav 20 xyoo, nws tsis tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tso tseg tus qauv neoliberal ntawm kev lag luam thiab ua kom muaj kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws. Keeb kwm kev txiav txim rau qhov kev ua yuam kev uas tsis tau zam txim no yuav tsis muaj kev hlub tshua. Thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav nco ntsoov tias peb ib zaug yeej German Nazism. Koj yog leej twg? Lub USSR? Tsis yog, koj yog Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab koj qhov chaw yog nyob rau hauv lub dustbin ntawm keeb kwm. Qhov no tuaj yeem muab pov rau hauv peb lub ntsej muag.

Peb yuav tsum xav txog qhov no nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm lub 75th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub yeej …

Thiab koj xav li cas, nyeem ntawv: puas muaj peev xwm nyob rau niaj hnub no RF kom cia siab tias yuav tshwm sim ntawm Patons tshiab thiab "ceev-witted Neutons"? Yog tias koj ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab niaj hnub ntawm cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex thiab hauv cov koom haum tshawb fawb sib txuas, ces dhau los ua peb cov neeg sau xov xwm ua haujlwm. Yog tias tsis ua txhaum lub xeev cov lus zais, sau rau ntawm rooj plaub (koj tuaj yeem sau npe hauv qab lub npe) rau kev xa ntawv ntawm Maxim Kalashnikov -

Txhua yam ntxiv (xws li lub sijhawm ua Vajtswv-nrhiav cov ntawv ntawm ib lab cim) yuav tsis muaj kev hlub tshua mus rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab.