Cov txheej txheem:
- Kev nyeem ntawv tsis ntev los no yog qhov yuam kev ntawm lub system
- 80% ntawm cov neeg laus xav zoo li menyuam yaus
Video: Thawj chav kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv - hnub no thiab hauv USSR: xav tias qhov txawv (video)
2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06
Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, thawj cov tub ntxhais kawm raug tso cai thauj khoom tsis pub dhau 24 teev hauv ib lub lis piam. 18 teev ntawm lawv tau mob siab rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
lej - 6 teev
nyeem ntawv - 6 teev
Lavxias teb sab lus - 6 teev
Qhov seem 6 teev tau siv rau kev hu nkauj, kos duab, keeb kwm ntuj tsim, kev ua haujlwm thiab 2 teev ntawm kev kawm lub cev.
Tus naj npawb teev tam sim no mob siab rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
lej - 4 teev
nyeem ntawv - 4 teev
tsab ntawv - 5 teev
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, kev ua lej thiab kev nyeem ntawv raug kev txom nyem tshaj plaws - lawv tau qis dua 1.5 npaug. Qhov tseeb tiag, nws tseem ntau dua, txij li cov tub ntxhais kawm thawj zaug tau muaj 35 lub lis piam tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis tam sim no, vim qhov nce ntxiv ntawm tag nrho cov hnub so, cov tub ntxhais kawm thawj zaug tsuas muaj 33 lub lis piam kawm. Yog li, yog tias cov menyuam kawm ntawv qib 1 ua ntej muaj 210 teev lej thiab tib qhov kev nyeem ntawv, tam sim no lawv tsuas siv 132 teev rau cov kev qhuab qhia no.
Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Raws li tsoomfwv cov qauv kev kawm niaj hnub no, hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo, cov tub ntxhais kawm thawj zaug muaj cov lus qhia tsis yog rau 45 feeb, tab sis rau 35 feeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, txwv tsis pub ua homework hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo.
Vim li cas cov niam txiv tsis pom tias cov ntaub ntawv kawm tau poob qis npaum li cas? Vim li cas ntau tus, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, npau taws tias cov menyuam yaus muaj ntau dhau hauv tsev kawm ntawv?
Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, cov me nyuam kawm 6 hnub hauv ib lub lis piam: lawv pib thaum 8 teev sawv ntxov thiab ua tiav los ntawm 12. Tam sim no tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kawm thawj zaug muaj 5 hnub, yog li kev txo cov sij hawm ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg.
Qhov thib ob, txhawm rau ua raws li cov kev kawm hnyav, cov menyuam yaus raug dej nyab nrog kev yeem-yuav tsum tau "tawm-chav kawm". Yog tias ua ntej ntawm cov kev kawm theem nrab (kev hu nkauj, kos duab, keeb kwm ntuj tsim, kev ua haujlwm, kev kawm lub cev), raws li peb tau hais los saum no, nws tau siv tag nrho 6 teev hauv ib lub lis piam, tam sim no lawv qhov ntau tau nthuav dav thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis tseem ceeb no tau muab 18 teev hauv ib lub lis piam..
Kuv tus menyuam pib kawm ntawv thaum 8 teev sawv ntxov, thiab ua tiav ntawm 13-13: 30, uas yog, tam sim no twb "kawm" hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntau dua cov menyuam kawm ntawv Soviet. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo, thaum cov lus qhia yuav siv sij hawm 45 feeb, nws yuav ua tiav nws cov lus qhia ntawm 14-15 teev. Lub load, ntawm chav kawm, yog heev. Tab sis qhov tshwm sim yog dab tsi?
Thiab qhov tshwm sim yog qhov no: yog tias peb muab piv rau phau ntawv qhia txog lej los ntawm AS Pchelko rau xyoo 1959, ces qhov kev kawm niaj hnub hauv lej rau qib 1 xaus rau nplooj 96 ntawm phau ntawv no. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, qhov kev qhia no muaj 142 nplooj ntawv. Tej zaum, cov tub ntxhais kawm niaj hnub no yuav ua rau tag nrho cov no rau xyoo 4th ntxiv ntawm kev kawm uas lawv ntxiv rau hauv tsev kawm theem qis (ua ntej nws muaj 3 xyoos). Zoo, cia li xav, tag nrho peb cov me nyuam tau rov ua dua! Tsis ntev tom qab lawv kawm ntawv tiav, puas tsim nyog nws chim siab?
Tab sis qhov xwm txheej nrog kev nyeem ntawv yog qhov phem dua li kev ua lej. Ntxiv rau qhov txo cov sij hawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, cov me nyuam tam sim no tsis nyeem ntawv txawm tias tom qab tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub USSR uas cov niam txiv tsis paub yuav ua li cas los rhuav tshem tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv phau ntawv nrog ib co taug txuj kev nyuaj.
Cov menyuam yaus nyeem ntawv hmo ntuj hauv qab daim pam nrog lub teeb nyem - feem ntau, lawv tsim lawv cov kev nyeem ntawv zoo nrog kev ua siab ntev, thiab lawv niam lawv txiv tsis zoo siab tias lawv yuav tsis tau txais lawv cov menyuam thaum sawv ntxov. Peb yuav muaj lawv cov teeb meem! Tam sim no, txhawm rau ua kom tus menyuam xav tau kev nyeem ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm
computer, ntsiav tshuaj, TV, smartphone, xov tooj, i.e. txhua-txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Hmoov tsis zoo, tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau, txij li xyoo 1990 peb tau pom zoo rau UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, uas tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov menyuam yaus "rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ceev ntiag tug" (Tshooj 13 thiab 16).
Thiab cov menyuam yaus raug qhia kom paub thiab saib xyuas lawv txoj cai hauv kev xav txog kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm qhov "kev ua si sab nraud" (raws li kuv niam tus phooj ywg, hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab, rau cov lus qhia ntxiv hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws, lawv feem ntau txawm thim cov lus qhia qub).
Yog tias qhov kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj tau tsim lawm, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev (yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem) kom kov yeej nws, yog li nws yuav zoo dua tsis coj nws mus txog qhov no thaum xub thawj.
Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, peb xav tsis thoob ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev kawm ntawm cov neeg laus neeg txawv teb chaws, ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem nyeem tau cov lus nkaus xwb (thiab muaj cov uas tsis nyeem txhua, uas yog qhov xav tsis thoob rau peb). Tam sim no cov lus xaiv, zoo kawg rau peb, tab tom tig mus rau hauv peb cov kev muaj tiag Lavxias.
Thiab hais txog kev sau ntawv, peb xav kom saib cov yeeb yaj kiab luv luv no:
Koj tseem tuaj yeem nyeem txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau ntawv, tsis suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv kawm niaj hnub hauv tsev kawm ntawv, ntawm no.
Kuj nyeem cov ntawv hauv paus ntawm lub ncauj lus:
Kev nyeem ntawv tsis ntev los no yog qhov yuam kev ntawm lub system
80% ntawm cov neeg laus xav zoo li menyuam yaus
Pom zoo:
15 Qhov txawv txawv thiab txawv txawv
Peb nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej - cov khoos phis tawj muaj zog hauv peb lub hnab ris, tsom iav virtual, tsheb uas tuaj yeem tsav lawv tus kheej. Ntau txhiab tus engineers thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv lawv lub peev xwm los ua qhov nyuaj thiab ua tsis tau yooj yim thiab tsis tseem ceeb. Tab sis qee zaum cov txuj ci no coj tib neeg mus rau txoj kev tsis zoo
Kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw coj txawv txawv thiab txawv txawv
Tib neeg tau kawm qhov chaw txij li thaum ub, tab sis peb tau tswj xyuas qhov chaw sab nraud thawj zaug nkaus xwb nyob rau ib nrab xyoo pua 20th. Ntxiv mus, lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis paub meej tias tib neeg lub cev yuav coj li cas hauv qhov chaw. Lawv kuj tsis paub yuav ua li cas hluav taws, nroj tsuag, worms thiab ntau lwm yam khoom ntiaj teb thiab phenomena yuav coj li cas
Lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv kawm, cov chav kawm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv
Leej twg hla qhov pib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb no yuav hloov pauv lawv tus cwj pwm mus rau kev kawm, cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm, vim tias tsis yog cov chav kawm ib txwm muaj cov rooj thiab lub rooj ua haujlwm dub, muaj chav ua si thiab cov chaw ua si, thiab tsis yog cov kws qhia, muaj cov kws qhia uas koom nrog. cov menyuam yaus ua si, sib tham txog cov ncauj lus uas lawv nyiam
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Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, 2017, Reykvjavik tau tuav lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb hu ua "Cov menyuam yaus, lub sijhawm siv rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus, thiab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv wireless", uas tau koom nrog cov kws tshaj lij hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, oncologist, kws qhia ntawv thiab ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub rooj sib tham, cov neeg tuaj koom, ntawm lawv cov kws kho mob ntawm kev kho mob thiab kev tshawb fawb, tau kos npe rau kev thov qhib rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thoob ntiaj teb. Ntau tshaj li ib puas kos npe raug tso tseg nyob rau hauv qhov kev thov rov hais dua