Sib ntaus sib tua laser systems ntawm lub USSR

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim ua "Terra-3" raws li Asmeskas cov tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, nws tau ntseeg hais tias lub complex yog npaj rau anti-satellite lub hom phiaj nrog rau kev hloov mus rau missile tiv thaiv yav tom ntej. Daim duab kos yog thawj zaug los ntawm American delegation ntawm Geneva hais lus nyob rau hauv 1978. Saib los ntawm sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv lub zog siab laser los rhuav tshem cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm lub sijhawm kawg tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1964 los ntawm NG Basov thiab ON Krokhin (FIAN MI. PN Lebedeva). Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1965 N. G. Basov, tus thawj coj tshawb fawb ntawm VNIIEF Yu. B. Khariton, tus thawj coj ntawm GOI rau kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb E. N. Tsarevsky thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Vympel tsim chaw ua haujlwm GV Kisunko tau xa ntawv mus rau Central Committee ntawm CPSU. Qhov tseem ceeb muaj peev xwm los tsoo lub taub hau ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws nrog cov hluav taws xob laser thiab tau thov kom xa ib qho kev sim tsim nyog. Lub tswv yim tau pom zoo los ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU thiab cov kev pab cuam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm ib tug laser firing unit rau missile tiv thaiv cov hauj lwm, npaj ua ke los ntawm OKB Vympel, FIAN thiab VNIIEF, tau pom zoo los ntawm tsoom fwv txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv 1966.

Cov lus pom zoo tau ua raws li LPI txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm high-zog photodissociation lasers (PDLs) raws li cov organic iodides thiab lub tswv yim ntawm VNIIEF txog "tso" PDLs nrog "lub teeb ntawm lub zog poob siab yoj tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho inert roj los ntawm kev tawg." Lub Xeev Optical Institute (GOI) kuj tau koom nrog txoj haujlwm. Qhov kev zov me nyuam tau raug hu ua "Terra-3" thiab muab rau kev tsim cov lasers nrog lub zog ntau dua 1 MJ, nrog rau kev tsim cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim firing laser complex (NEC) 5N76 ntawm lawv lub hauv paus ntawm Balkhash kev cob qhia hauv av., qhov twg cov tswv yim ntawm lub laser system rau kev tiv thaiv missile yuav tsum tau sim nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob. N. G. Basov tau raug xaiv los ua tus saib xyuas kev tshawb fawb ntawm "Terra-3" program.

Xyoo 1969, Vympel Design Bureau tau cais pawg SKB, raws li lub hauv paus ntawm Luch Central Design Bureau (tom qab NPO Astrophysics) tau tsim, uas tau tso siab rau kev siv Terra-3 program.

Ua hauj lwm raws li Terra-3 qhov kev pab cuam tsim nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab lus qhia: laser range (suav nrog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub hom phiaj xaiv) thiab laser puas tsuaj ntawm warheads ntawm ballistic missiles. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam tau ua ntej los ntawm cov kev ua tiav hauv qab no: hauv 1961 lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim photodissociation lasers tau tshwm sim (Rautian thiab Sobelman, FIAN) thiab xyoo 1962 laser ntau yam kev tshawb fawb pib ntawm OKB "Vympel" ua ke nrog FIAN, thiab nws kuj yog. tau thov kom siv cov hluav taws xob ntawm kev poob siab pem hauv ntej nthwv dej rau kho qhov muag ntawm lub laser (Krokhin, FIAN, 1962). Xyoo 1963, Vympel Design Bureau pib tsim txoj haujlwm LE-1 laser locator.

FIAN tshawb xyuas qhov tshwm sim tshiab hauv thaj tsam ntawm nonlinear laser optics - wavefront reversal ntawm hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog ib qho kev tshawb pom loj

tso cai nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv ib tug kiag li tshiab thiab muaj kev vam meej mus kom ze los daws ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub physics thiab technology ntawm high-power lasers, feem ntau yog cov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim ib tug heev nqaim beam thiab nws ultra-precise aiming ntawm lub hom phiaj. Thawj zaug, nws yog nyob rau hauv Terra-3 qhov kev pab cuam uas cov kws tshwj xeeb los ntawm VNIIEF thiab FIAN tau thov kom siv wavefront reversal rau lub hom phiaj thiab xa lub zog mus rau lub hom phiaj.

Xyoo 1994, NG Basov, teb cov lus nug txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Terra-3 laser program, tau hais tias: Zoo, peb tau ruaj khov tias tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem tua lub foob pob hluav taws xob nrog lub laser beam, thiab peb tau ua tiav kev txhim kho zoo hauv lasers …

Subprograms thiab cov lus qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb "Terra-3":

Complex 5N26 nrog lub laser locator LE-1 nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam Terra-3:

Lub peev xwm ntawm laser locators los muab qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hom phiaj txoj hauj lwm ntsuas tau kawm ntawm Vympel Design Bureau, pib xyoo 1962. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua los ntawm OKB Vympel, siv cov kev kwv yees ntawm pawg NG Basov, kev tshawb fawb, thaum pib ntawm 1963, ib qhov project tau nthuav tawm rau Tub Rog-Industrial Commission (tub rog-kev lag luam complex, lub xeev tswj hwm lub cev. ntawm cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex ntawm USSR) los tsim ib qho kev sim laser locator rau ABM, uas tau txais lub npe code LE-1. Qhov kev txiav txim siab los tsim ib qho kev sim ntawm qhov chaw sim Sary-Shagan nrog qhov ntev txog li 400 km tau pom zoo thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1963. Qhov project tau tsim nyob rau ntawm Vympel Design Bureau (G. E. Tikhomirov lub chaw soj nstuam). Kev tsim kho qhov muag ntawm lub radar tau ua los ntawm Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kho Mob (laboratory ntawm P. P. Zakharov). Kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw pib thaum xyoo 1960s.

Qhov project tau ua raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm FIAN ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho ntawm ruby lasers. Tus neeg nrhiav pom yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav cov hom phiaj hauv lub sijhawm luv luv hauv "kev ua yuam kev" ntawm radars, uas muab lub hom phiaj rau lub laser locator, uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog nruab nrab ntawm lub laser emitter nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov kev xaiv zaum kawg ntawm cov qauv ntawm tus neeg nrhiav pom qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ruby lasers, qhov ua tiav tsis tau ntawm qhov kev coj ua tau ua kom qis dua li qhov xav tau: qhov nruab nrab lub zog ntawm ib lub laser es tsis txhob 1. kW yog kwv yees li 10 W. xyoo ntawd. Cov kev sim ua nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam ntawm NG Basov ntawm lub Lebedev Physical lub koom haum qhia tau hais tias ua kom lub zog los ntawm successively amplifying lub teeb liab laser nyob rau hauv ib tug saw (cascade) ntawm laser amplifiers, raws li tau pom nyob rau hauv thawj zaug, yog ua tau tsuas yog mus txog rau ib theem. Cov hluav taws xob muaj zog heev tau rhuav tshem cov pob zeb laser lawv tus kheej. Cov teeb meem kuj tshwm sim cuam tshuam nrog thermooptical distortions ntawm hluav taws xob hauv cov muaju.

Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws yog tsim nyog rau nruab nyob rau hauv lub radar tsis yog ib tug, tab sis 196 lasers alternately ua hauj lwm ntawm ib zaus ntawm 10 Hz nrog ib tug zog ib mem tes ntawm 1 J. Tag nrho cov nruab nrab hluav taws xob hwj chim ntawm lub multichannel laser transmitter ntawm lub locator yog hais txog. 2 kW ib. Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem loj ntawm nws lub tswv yim, uas yog multipath ob qho tib si thaum emitting thiab sau npe ib lub teeb liab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov khoom siv high-precision high-speed optical rau kev tsim, hloov thiab kev taw qhia ntawm 196 laser beams, uas txiav txim siab qhov kev tshawb nrhiav hauv qhov chaw lub hom phiaj. Hauv kev txais cov cuab yeej ntawm qhov chaw, ib qho array ntawm 196 tshwj xeeb tsim PMTs tau siv. Kev ua haujlwm tau nyuaj los ntawm qhov tsis raug cuam tshuam nrog qhov loj-loj txav kho qhov muag-mechanical systems ntawm telescope thiab optical-mechanical keyboards ntawm qhov chaw, nrog rau cov distortions qhia los ntawm huab cua. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev kho qhov muag ntawm qhov chaw mus txog 70 m thiab suav nrog ntau pua ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag - lo ntsiab muag, iav thiab daim hlau, suav nrog kev txav mus los, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj qhov tseeb tshaj plaws.

Kev xa cov lasers ntawm LE-1 locator, Sary-Shagan kev cob qhia hauv av (cov duab ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Beam Masters", 2009).

Xyoo 1969, LE-1 qhov project raug xa mus rau Luch Central Design Bureau ntawm USSR Ministry of Defense Industry. ND Ustinov tau raug xaiv los ua tus tsim qauv ntawm LE-1. Xyoo 1970-1971 kev txhim kho ntawm LE-1 locator tau ua tiav tag nrho. Kev koom tes dav ntawm kev lag luam kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov chaw nyob: los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm LOMO thiab Leningrad cog "Bolshevik", lub tsom iav raj TG-1 rau LE-1, tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem, tau tsim., tus tsim qauv ntawm lub tsom iav raj yog BK Ionesiani (LOMO). Lub koob yees duab no nrog lub iav loj 1.3 m nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws kho qhov muag ntawm lub laser beam thaum ua hauj lwm ntawm speeds thiab accelerations ntau pua lub sij hawm siab tshaj cov classical astronomical telescopes. Ntau lub radar nodes tshiab tau tsim: high-speed precision scanning thiab switching systems rau tswj lub laser beam, photodetectors, hluav taws xob teeb liab ua thiab synchronization units, thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Kev tswj ntawm qhov chaw yog tsis siv neeg siv tshuab computer, lub locator txuas nrog lub radar chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub polygon siv cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau cov kab.

Nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm Geofizika Central Design Bureau (DM Khorol), lub laser transmitter tau tsim, uas suav nrog 196 lasers uas tau zoo heev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, lub kaw lus rau lawv cov cua txias thiab lub zog. Rau LE-1, kev tsim cov khoom siv zoo laser ruby pob zeb siv lead ua, nonlinear KDP crystals thiab ntau lwm yam tau teeb tsa. Ntxiv nrog rau ND Ustinov, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm LE-1 tau coj los ntawm OA Ushakov, G. E. Tikhomirov thiab S. V. Bilibin.

Kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw pib thaum xyoo 1973. Xyoo 1974, kev hloov kho tau ua tiav thiab kev sim ntawm qhov chaw nrog TG-1 telescope ntawm LE-1 locator pib. Nyob rau hauv 1975, thaum lub sij hawm kev ntsuam xyuas, ib tug ntseeg siab qhov chaw ntawm ib tug aircraft-hom hom phiaj ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 100 km tau tiav, thiab ua hauj lwm pib ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub warheads ntawm ballistic missiles thiab satellites. Xyoo 1978-1980 Nrog kev pab los ntawm LE-1, kev ntsuas kev ntsuas siab thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov cuaj luaj, lub taub hau thiab cov khoom siv hauv qhov chaw tau ua tiav. Nyob rau hauv 1979, LE-1 laser locator raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev ntsuas trajectory raug lees txais rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tub rog chav tsev 03080 (GNIIP No. 10 ntawm USSR Ministry of Defense, Sary-Shagan). Rau kev tsim lub LE-1 locator nyob rau hauv 1980, cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Luch Central Design Bureau tau muab tsub lub Lenin thiab lub xeev nqi zog ntawm lub USSR. Ua haujlwm nquag ntawm LE-1 locator, incl. nrog rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm qee qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam khoom siv, txuas ntxiv mus txog rau nruab nrab-1980s. Kev ua haujlwm tab tom ua kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib koom tes ntawm cov khoom (xws li cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom, piv txwv li). Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 10, 1984, 5N26 / LE-1 laser locator ntsuas qhov tsis muaj lub hom phiaj - Challenger reusable spacecraft (USA) - saib cov xwm txheej hauv qab no kom paub meej ntxiv.

TTXL Locator5N26 / LE-1:

Tus naj npawb ntawm lasers nyob rau hauv txoj kev - 196 pcs.

Optical txoj kev ntev - 70 m

Nruab nrab lub zog ntawm lub installation - 2 kW

Qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw - 400 km (raws li qhov project)

Coordinate txiav txim qhov tseeb:

- los ntawm ntau yam - tsis ntau tshaj 10 m (raws li qhov project)

- hauv qhov siab - ob peb arc vib nas this (raws li qhov project)

Telescope TG-1 ntawm LE-1 laser locator, Sary-Shagan kev cob qhia hauv av (ncej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv "Beam Masters", 2009).

Telescope TG-1 ntawm lub LE-1 laser locator - lub dome tiv thaiv yog maj mam hloov mus rau sab laug, lub Sary-Shagan kev cob qhia hauv av (nruab nrab ntawm cov documentary zaj duab xis "Tus Tswv ntawm lub Beam", 2009).

Telescope TG-1 of laser locator LE-1 in work position, Sary-Shagan training ground (Polskikh S. D., Goncharova G. V. SSC RF FSUE NPO Astrophysics. Presentation. 2009).

Kev soj ntsuam ntawm photodissociation iodine lasers (PFDL) nyob rau hauv "Terra-3" program

Thawj qhov chaw kuaj mob photodissociation laser (PDL) tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1964 los ntawm J. V. Kasper thiab G. S. Pimentel. Vim tsom xam pom tau hais tias cov creation ntawm ib tug super-powered ruby laser pumped los ntawm ib lub teeb nyem yog tsis yooj yim sua, ces nyob rau hauv 1965 N. G. Basov thiab O. N. lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv high-power thiab high-zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub poob siab pem hauv ntej. nyob rau hauv xenon raws li ib tug hluav taws xob qhov chaw. Nws kuj tau xav tias lub foob pob hluav taws xob lub taub hau yuav raug swb vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov evaporation sai nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub laser ntawm ib feem ntawm lub taub hau lub plhaub. Xws li PDLs yog ua raws li lub tswv yim ntawm lub cev tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1961 los ntawm SG Rautian thiab IISobel'man, uas tau pom qhov kev xav tias nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais cov atoms lossis cov molecules los ntawm photodissociation ntawm ntau cov molecules nyuaj thaum lawv irradiated nrog lub zog (tsis yog- laser) lub teeb flux … Ua hauj lwm ntawm explosive FDL (VFDL) raws li ib feem ntawm "Terra-3" qhov kev pab cuam yog deployed nyob rau hauv kev koom tes ntawm FIAN (VS Zuev, txoj kev xav ntawm VFDL), VNIIEF (GA Kirillov, thwmsim nrog VFDL), Central Design Bureau "Luch" nrog kev koom tes ntawm GOI, GIPH thiab lwm yam lag luam. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, txoj kev tau dhau los ntawm cov qauv me me thiab nruab nrab mus rau ntau lub zog tshwj xeeb VFDL cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab kev lag luam. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm lasers yog lawv cov khoom pov tseg - VFD laser tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, puas tag.

Schematic daim duab ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm VFDL (Zarubin P. V., Polskikh S. V. Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm high-zog lasers thiab laser tshuab nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Kev nthuav qhia. 2011).

Thawj qhov kev sim nrog PDL, tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1965-1967, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev, thiab thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1969 ntawm VNIIEF (Sarov) nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm SB Kormer nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm FIAN thiab GOI, cov kev sim PDLs nrog ib tug mem tes zog ntawm pua pua txhiab joules, uas yog hais txog 100 lub sij hawm siab tshaj ntawm cov laser paub nyob rau hauv cov xyoo. Tau kawg, nws tsis tuaj yeem tam sim ntawd tuaj rau kev tsim cov iodine PDLs nrog lub zog siab heev. Ntau yam ntawm cov qauv tsim ntawm lasers tau raug sim. Ib qho kev txiav txim siab hauv kev ua raws li kev tsim qauv tsim nyog kom tau txais cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab tau raug coj mus rau xyoo 1966, thaum, raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sim, nws tau pom tias qhov kev thov ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm FIAN thiab VNIIEF (1965) kom tshem tawm. quartz phab ntsa cais cov twj tso kua mis hluav taws xob thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm tuaj yeem siv tau. Kev tsim qauv ntawm lub laser tau yooj yim ua kom yooj yim thiab txo qis rau hauv lub plhaub hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub raj, sab hauv lossis sab nrauv phab ntsa uas muaj qhov elongated explosive charge nyob, thiab thaum kawg muaj daim iav ntawm optical resonator. Txoj hauv kev no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim thiab sim lasers nrog txoj kab uas hla ua haujlwm ntau tshaj li ib lub 'meter' thiab ntev ntawm kaum meters. Cov lasers no tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm cov qauv ntu txog 3 m ntev.

Ib me ntsis tom qab ntawd (txij li xyoo 1967), ib pab pawg ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob thiab cov lasers coj los ntawm VK Orlov, uas tau tsim los ntawm Vympel Design Bureau, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau Luch Central Design Bureau, tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim cov khoom tawg. PDL. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, kaum ob ntawm cov teeb meem tau txiav txim siab: los ntawm lub physics ntawm propagation ntawm poob siab thiab lub teeb nthwv dej nyob rau hauv ib tug laser nruab nrab mus rau lub technology thiab compatibility ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov creation ntawm tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej thiab txoj kev rau kev ntsuas qhov tsis muaj high-zoo. lub zog laser hluav taws xob. Kuj tseem muaj teeb meem ntawm kev siv tshuab tawg: kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub laser yuav tsum tau txais qhov tsis tshua muaj "nkim" thiab ncaj nraim rau pem hauv ntej ntawm kev poob siab. Qhov teeb meem no tau daws, tsub nqi tau tsim thiab cov txheej txheem rau lawv cov detonation tau tsim, uas ua rau nws ua tau kom tau txais qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev poob siab pem hauv ntej. Kev tsim ntawm cov VFDLs no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm pib kev sim los kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ntau ntawm cov khoom thiab lub hom phiaj. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm tau muab los ntawm GOI (IM Belousova).

Kev sim hauv av rau VFD lasers VNIIEF (Zarubin PV, Polskikh SV Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov lasers siab zog thiab laser tshuab hauv USSR. Presentation. 2011).

Kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm cov hluav taws xob laser ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raws li "Terra-3" program:

Ib qho kev tshawb fawb dav dav tau ua tiav los tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob laser hluav taws xob ntawm ntau yam khoom. Cov qauv hlau, ntau yam qauv ntawm optics, thiab ntau yam khoom siv tau siv los ua "cov hom phiaj". Feem ntau, B. V. Zamyshlyaev tau coj cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom, thiab AM Bonch-Bruevich tau coj cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm optics. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm tau ua los ntawm 1968 txog 1976.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm VEL hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv cladding (Zarubin P. V., Polskikh S. V. Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov creation ntawm high-zog lasers thiab laser systems nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Presentation. 2011).

Cov qauv hlau 15 cm tuab, raug rau lub xeev laser. (Zarubin PV, Polskikh SV Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov creation ntawm high-zog lasers thiab laser tshuab nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Presentation. 2011).

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm VEL hluav taws xob ntawm optics (Zarubin P. V., Polskikh S. V. Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov lasers siab zog thiab laser tshuab hauv USSR. Presentation. 2011).

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog siab CO2 laser ntawm lub dav hlau qauv, NPO Almaz, 1976 (Zarubin PV, Polskikh SV Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob siab thiab laser tshuab hauv USSR. Kev nthuav qhia. 2011).

Kev kawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob-tso tawm lasers raws li "Terra-3" program:

Reusable electric discharge PDLs yuav tsum muaj zog heev thiab compact pulsed hluav taws xob tam sim no. Raws li xws li ib qho chaw, nws tau txiav txim siab siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib nqus, kev txhim kho uas tau ua los ntawm pab pawg VNIIEF coj los ntawm AI Pavlovsky rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias AD Sakharov kuj yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov haujlwm no. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob sib nqus tawg (lwm yam lawv hu ua magneto-cumulative generators), ib yam li cov pa PD lasers, raug rhuav tshem thaum ua haujlwm thaum lawv cov nqi tawg, tab sis lawv cov nqi ntau zaus qis dua tus nqi ntawm lub laser. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib nqus sib nqus, tshwj xeeb tsim los rau hluav taws xob-tso tshuaj lom neeg photodissociation lasers los ntawm AI Pavlovsky thiab cov npoj yaig, tau pab txhawb rau kev tsim hauv xyoo 1974 ntawm kev sim laser nrog lub zog hluav taws xob ib leeg ntawm kwv yees li 90 kJ. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub laser no tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1975.

Xyoo 1975, ib pawg neeg tsim qauv ntawm Luch Central Design Bureau, coj los ntawm VK Orlov, tau thov tso tseg WFD lasers tawg nrog ob-theem scheme (SRS) thiab hloov lawv nrog hluav taws xob tawm PD lasers. Qhov no yuav tsum tau kho dua tshiab thiab kho qhov project ntawm lub complex. Nws yuav tsum siv FO-13 laser nrog lub zog mem tes ntawm 1 mJ.

Loj hluav taws xob-tso lasers sib sau ua ke los ntawm VNIIEF. <

Kev kawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob-beam-tswj lasers nyob rau hauv "Terra-3" program:

Ua hauj lwm ntawm lub zaus-pulse laser 3D01 ntawm chav kawm megawatt nrog ionization los ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob pib ntawm Central Design Bureau "Luch" ntawm kev pib thiab nrog kev koom tes ntawm NG Basov thiab tom qab ntawd spun tawm mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia ntawm OKB "Raduga". " (tom qab - GNIILTs "Raduga") nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm G. G. Dolgova-Savelyeva. Hauv kev sim ua haujlwm xyoo 1976 nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob-beam-tswj CO2 laser, qhov nruab nrab lub zog ntawm kwv yees li 500 kW tau ua tiav ntawm qhov rov ua dua mus txog 200 Hz. Ib lub tswv yim nrog "kaw" roj-dynamic voj voog tau siv. Tom qab ntawd, kev txhim kho zaus-pulse laser KS-10 tau tsim (Central Design Bureau "Astrophysics", NV Cheburkin).

Zaus-pulse electroionization laser 3D01. (Zarubin PV, Polskikh SV Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov creation ntawm high-zog lasers thiab laser tshuab nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Presentation. 2011).

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim tua complex 5N76 "Terra-3":

Xyoo 1966, Vympel Design Bureau nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm OA Ushakov tau pib tsim cov qauv tsim rau Terra-3 kev sim polygon complex. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv tsim ua ntej txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1969. Cov tub rog engineer NN Shakhonsky yog tus saib xyuas tam sim ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv. Kev xa tawm ntawm lub complex tau npaj rau ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv missile hauv Sary-Shagan. Lub complex tau npaj rau kev sim rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm warheads ntawm ballistic missiles nrog high-zog lasers. Qhov project ntawm lub complex tau rov kho dua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1966 txog 1975. Txij li thaum xyoo 1969, kev tsim ntawm Terra-3 complex tau ua los ntawm Luch Central Design Bureau nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm MG Vasin. Lub complex yuav tsum tau tsim siv ib tug ob-theem Raman laser nrog lub ntsiab laser nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ncua deb (kwv yees li 1 km) los ntawm cov kev taw qhia system. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv VFD lasers, thaum emitting, nws yuav tsum tau siv txog li 30 tons ntawm tawg, uas yuav muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov kev taw qhia system. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom tawg ntawm VFD lasers. Radiation los ntawm Raman laser mus rau cov kev taw qhia system yuav tsum tau kis los ntawm ib tug underground optical channel. Nws yuav tsum tau siv lub AZh-7T laser.

Xyoo 1969, ntawm GNIIP No. 10 ntawm USSR Ministry of Defense (tub rog unit 03080, Sary-Shagan missile defense training ground) ntawm qhov chaw No. 38 (tub rog unit 06544), kev tsim kho cov chaw rau kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus laser pib. Xyoo 1971, kev tsim kho ntawm lub complex tau raug ncua ib ntus vim yog kev cob qhia, tab sis xyoo 1973, tej zaum tom qab kho qhov project, nws tau rov pib dua.

Cov laj thawj technical (raws li qhov chaw - Zarubin PV Academician Basov … Cov. Yog hais tias lub hom phiaj yog nyob deb ntawm ntau tshaj 100 km, ces lub ntuj angular divergence ntawm optical laser hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv cov huab cua raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tawg yog 0,0001 degrees. Qhov no tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm Atmospheric Optics ntawm Siberian ceg ntawm lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences nyob rau hauv Tomsk, uas yog coj los ntawm Acad. V. E. Zuev. Los ntawm qhov no nws ua raws li hais tias lub laser hluav taws xob qhov chaw ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 100 km yuav muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm tsawg kawg yog 20 meters, thiab lub zog ceev ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm 1 sq. Cm nrog tag nrho cov laser qhov chaw zog ntawm 1 MJ yuav. tsawg dua 0.1 J / cm2. Qhov no yog heev me ntsis - nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntaus ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij (los tsim ib lub qhov ntawm 1 cm2 nyob rau hauv nws, depressurizing nws), ntau tshaj 1 kJ / cm2 yog yuav tsum tau. Thiab yog tias thaum xub thawj nws yuav tsum siv VFD lasers ntawm qhov nyuaj, tom qab txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem nrog kev tsom mus rau lub teeb, cov neeg tsim khoom tau pib lean ntawm kev siv ob-theem kev sib xyaw lasers raws li Raman tawg.

Kev tsim qauv ntawm kev taw qhia tau ua los ntawm GOI (P. P. Zakharov) ua ke nrog LOMO (R. M. Kasherininov, B. Ya. Gutnikov). High-precision slewing nplhaib tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag Bolshevik. High-precision drives thiab backlash-free gearboxes rau slewing bearings tau tsim los ntawm Central Research Institute of Automation thiab Hydraulic nrog kev koom tes ntawm Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Txoj kev kho qhov muag tseem ceeb tau ua tiav ntawm daim iav thiab tsis muaj pob tshab kho qhov muag uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm hluav taws xob.

Xyoo 1975, ib pawg neeg tsim qauv ntawm Luch Central Design Bureau, coj los ntawm VK Orlov, tau thov tso tseg WFD lasers tawg nrog ob-theem scheme (SRS) thiab hloov lawv nrog hluav taws xob tawm PD lasers. Qhov no yuav tsum tau kho dua tshiab thiab kho qhov project ntawm lub complex. Nws yuav tsum siv FO-13 laser nrog lub zog mem tes ntawm 1 mJ. Thaum kawg, cov chaw nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua lasers yeej tsis tiav thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Tau tsim thiab siv tsuas yog cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub complex.

Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences B. V. Bunkin (NPO Almaz) tau raug xaiv los ua tus tsim qauv ntawm kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm "object 2506" ("Omega" complex ntawm anti-aircraft tiv thaiv riam phom - KSV PSO); -3 ″) - Cov tswv cuab ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences ND Ustinov (Central Design Bureau "Luch"). Tus thawj saib xyuas kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog tus lwm thawj coj ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, kws tshaj lij E. P. Velikhov. Los ntawm cov tub rog chav tsev 03080, kev tsom xam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm thawj cov qauv ntawm laser txhais tau tias PSO thiab missile tiv thaiv tau saib xyuas los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm 4th department ntawm 1st department, engineer-lieutenant colonel G. I. Semenikhin. Los ntawm 4th GUMO txij li xyoo 1976, kev tswj hwm kev txhim kho thiab kev sim riam phom thiab cov cuab yeej ua tub rog raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm lub cev siv lasers tau ua los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev, uas nyob rau xyoo 1980 los ua Lenin Prize laureates rau lub voj voog ntawm kev ua haujlwm, Colonel Yu.. V. Rubanenko. Ntawm "khoom 2505" ("Terra-3"), kev tsim kho tau mus, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ntawm kev tswj thiab firing txoj hauj lwm (KOP) 5Zh16K thiab nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam "D" thiab "D". Twb tau nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1973, thawj qhov kev sim ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tiav ntawm KOP hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm thaj chaw kev cob qhia. Nyob rau hauv 1974, los piav txog cov hauj lwm uas tau ua nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm riam phom nyob rau hauv lub cev tshiab cov ntsiab cai, ib tug exhibition tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xeem qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub "Zone G" qhia cov cuab yeej tshiab tsim los ntawm tag nrho cov kev lag luam ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no. Lub exhibition tau mus xyuas los ntawm Minister of Defense ntawm USSR Marshal ntawm lub Soviet Union A. A. Grechko. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tiav siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb. Cov pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua tau coj los ntawm Lieutenant Colonel I. V. Nikulin. Thawj thawj zaug ntawm qhov chaw sim, lub hom phiaj qhov loj ntawm tsib-kopeck npib raug ntaus los ntawm lub laser ntawm qhov luv luv.

Thawj tsim ntawm Terra-3 complex nyob rau hauv 1969, qhov kawg tsim nyob rau hauv 1974 thiab lub ntim ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub complex. (Zarubin PV, Polskikh SV Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov creation ntawm high-zog lasers thiab laser tshuab nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Presentation. 2011).

Cov kev vam meej tau ua tiav kev ua haujlwm nrawm ntawm kev tsim cov kev sim sib ntaus sib tua laser complex 5N76 "Terra-3". Lub complex muaj lub tsev 41 / 42V (sab qab teb lub tsev, tej zaum hu ua "41st site"), uas nyob rau hauv ib tug hais kom ua thiab xam qhov chaw raws li peb M-600 computers, ib tug raug laser locator 5N27 - ib tug analogue ntawm LE-1 / 5N26. laser locator (saib saum toj no), cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob, universal lub sij hawm system, system ntawm tshwj xeeb technical khoom, kev sib txuas lus, signaling. Kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw no tau ua los ntawm 5th department ntawm 3rd test complex (tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam tsev, Colonel I. V. Nikulin). Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm 5N76 complex, lub bottleneck yog qhov lag luam hauv kev tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb muaj zog rau kev siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nws tau txiav txim siab los nruab ib qho kev sim generator module (simulator nrog lub CO2 laser) nrog cov yam ntxwv ua tiav rau kev sim cov kev sib ntaus sib tua algorithm. Peb yuav tsum tsim rau qhov kev tsim kho module 6A (sab qab teb-sab qaum teb lub tsev, qee zaum hu ua "Terra-2") tsis deb ntawm lub tsev 41 / 42B. Qhov teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb yeej tsis tau daws. Cov qauv rau kev sib ntaus sib tua laser tau tsa rau sab qaum teb ntawm "Site 41", lub qhov nrog kev sib txuas lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau nws, tab sis kev teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua laser tsis tau ua.

Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov kev taw qhia pib nyob rau hauv 1976-1977, tab sis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab firing lasers tsis tawm hauv lub tsim theem, thiab tom qab ib tug series ntawm cov rooj sib tham nrog Minister of Defense Industry ntawm USSR SA Zverev, nws tau txiav txim siab kaw Terra. -3 ″. Xyoo 1978, nrog kev pom zoo ntawm USSR Ministry of Defense, qhov kev pab cuam rau kev tsim 5N76 "Terra-3" complex tau raug kaw. Lub installation tsis tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab tsis ua haujlwm tag nrho, nws tsis daws qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub complex tsis tau ua tiav tag nrho - cov kev taw qhia tau muab tso rau hauv tag nrho, lub koom haum lasers ntawm cov kev taw qhia qhov chaw nrhiav thiab lub zog beam simulator raug ntsia.

Xyoo 1979, ruby laser tau suav nrog hauv kev teeb tsa - simulator ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua laser - array ntawm 19 ruby lasers. Thiab xyoo 1982 nws tau ntxiv los ntawm CO2 laser. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub complex suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv complex tsim los xyuas kom meej kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kev taw qhia system, ib tug kev taw qhia thiab beam tuav system nrog ib tug 5N27 high-precision laser locator, tsim los txiav txim kom meej lub coordinates ntawm lub hom phiaj. Lub peev xwm ntawm 5N27 ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog txiav txim siab qhov ntau ntawm lub hom phiaj, tab sis kuj kom tau txais cov yam ntxwv raug raws nws txoj hauv kev, cov duab ntawm cov khoom, nws qhov loj me (cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib koom ua ke). Nrog kev pab los ntawm 5N27, kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov chaw khoom tau ua tiav. Lub complex nqa tawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm hluav taws xob ntawm lub hom phiaj, aiming lub laser beam ntawm lub hom phiaj. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov complex, cov kev tshawb fawb tau nqa tawm los coj lub beam ntawm ib tug low-power laser rau aerodynamic lub hom phiaj thiab kawm cov txheej txheem ntawm propagation ntawm ib tug laser beam nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.

Nyob rau hauv 1988, cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov kev taw qhia system ntawm dag lub ntiaj teb satellites tau ua, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1989, kev ua hauj lwm ntawm laser topics pib txo. Nyob rau hauv 1989, nyob rau hauv lub teg num ntawm Velikhov, lub installation "Terra-3" tau qhia rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm American zaum thiab congressmen. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1990, tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm lub complex raug txiav tawm. Raws li xyoo 2004, cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm lub complex tseem zoo li qub, tab sis los ntawm 2007 feem ntau ntawm cov qauv tau raug tshem tawm. Tag nrho cov hlau qhov chaw ntawm lub complex tseem ploj lawm.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim kho 41 / 42V complex 5Н76 "Terra-3" (Natural Resources Defense Council, los ntawm Rambo54,

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 41 / 42B qauv ntawm 5H76 Terra-3 complex yog lub tsom iav raj rau cov kev taw qhia thiab lub dome tiv thaiv, daim duab no tau raug coj mus rau qhov chaw los ntawm American delegation, 1989 (duab los ntawm Thomas B. Cochran, los ntawm Rambo54,

Cov txheej txheem kev taw qhia ntawm "Terra-3" complex nrog lub laser locator (Zarubin PV, Polskikh SV Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov creation ntawm high-zog lasers thiab laser systems nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Presentation. 2011).

- 1984 Lub Kaum Hli 10 - lub 5N26 / LE-1 laser locator ntsuas qhov tsis muaj lub hom phiaj - Challenger reusable spacecraft (USA). Lub caij nplooj zeeg 1983Marshal ntawm lub Soviet Union DF Ustinov tau hais kom tus thawj coj ntawm ABM thiab PKO pab tub rog Yu. Votintsev siv lub laser complex mus nrog lub "shuttle". Lub sijhawm ntawd, ib pab neeg ntawm 300 tus kws tshaj lij tau ua haujlwm txhim kho ntawm lub complex. Qhov no tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Yu. Votintsev rau Minister of Defense. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 10, 1984, thaum lub sijhawm 13th davhlau ntawm Challenger shuttle (Tebchaws USA), thaum nws lub orbital orbits tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw ntawm Sary-Shagan qhov chaw sim, qhov kev sim tau tshwm sim thaum lub teeb tsa laser ua haujlwm hauv kev tshawb pom. hom nrog lub zog hluav taws xob tsawg kawg nkaus. Lub orbital qhov siab ntawm lub dav hlau nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd yog 365 km, inclined nrhiav thiab taug qab ntau yam yog 400-800 km. Lub hom phiaj raug tsim los ntawm kev teeb tsa laser tau muab los ntawm 5N25 "Argun" radar ntsuas complex.

Raws li cov neeg coob ntawm "Challenger" tom qab tau tshaj tawm, thaum lub sijhawm ya hla thaj tsam Balkhash, lub nkoj dheev tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus, muaj cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab cov neeg caij nkoj lawv tus kheej tsis zoo. Cov neeg Amelikas tau pib txheeb nws tawm. Tsis ntev lawv pom tau hais tias cov neeg coob tau raug qee yam kev dag ntxias los ntawm USSR, thiab lawv tau tshaj tawm txoj cai tawm tsam. Raws li kev xav ntawm tib neeg, yav tom ntej, kev teeb tsa laser, thiab ib feem ntawm lub xov tooj cua engineering complexes ntawm qhov chaw sim, uas muaj lub zog muaj peev xwm, tsis tau siv los thauj cov Shuttles. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1989, ib feem ntawm lub tshuab laser tsim los tsom lub laser ntawm ib qho khoom tau qhia rau Asmeskas cov neeg sawv cev.

Yog tias nws muaj peev xwm tua tau lub foob pob hluav taws xob nrog lub laser thaum nws twb tau nkag mus rau hauv huab cua, tej zaum nws yuav tuaj yeem tawm tsam aerodynamic lub hom phiaj zoo li: dav hlau, nyoob hoom qav taub thiab cruise missiles? Qhov teeb meem no kuj tau raug saib xyuas hauv peb lub tuam tsev tub rog, thiab tsis ntev tom qab pib Terra-3, tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj rau kev tshaj tawm Omega project, lub laser tiv thaiv huab cua. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 1967. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub anti-aircraft laser tau muab tso rau hauv Strela Design Bureau (me ntsis tom qab nws yuav tau renamed lub Almaz Central Design Bureau). Raws li sai sai, Strela tau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev suav tsim nyog thiab tsim ib qho kev kwv yees ntawm cov anti-aircraft laser complex (kom yooj yim, peb yuav qhia lub sij hawm ZLK). Tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum tau nce lub zog ntawm lub zog kom tsawg kawg yog 8-10 megajoules. Ua ntej, ZLK tau tsim nrog lub qhov muag ntawm kev siv lub tswv yim, thiab qhov thib ob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tua lub hom phiaj aerodynamic sai sai kom txog thaum nws mus txog rau txoj kab uas yuav tsum tau ua (rau lub dav hlau, qhov no yog launching missiles, tso cov foob pob los yog lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub. cruise missiles). Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab ua kom lub zog ntawm "salvo" kwv yees li sib npaug ntawm lub zog ntawm kev tawg ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws.

Xyoo 1972, thawj cov khoom siv Omega tuaj txog ntawm Sary-Shagan qhov chaw sim. Lub rooj sib txoos ntawm lub complex tau nqa tawm ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua. object 2506 ("Terra-3" ua hauj lwm ntawm object 2505). Qhov kev sim ZLK tsis suav nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua laser - nws tseem tsis tau npaj txhij - hluav taws xob simulator tau teeb tsa. Yooj yim muab, lub laser tsis muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev teeb tsa muaj lub laser locator-rangefinder rau kev tshawb nrhiav, txheeb xyuas thiab ua ntej lub hom phiaj. Nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob simulator, lawv tau ua haujlwm tawm ntawm kev taw qhia thiab kawm txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb laser nrog huab cua. Lub laser simulator tau ua raws li lub npe hu. thev naus laus zis ntawm iav nrog neodymium, lub locator-rangefinder tau ua raws li ruby emitter. Ntxiv nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob laser, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb, muaj ntau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg kuj tau txheeb xyuas. Lub ntsiab yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev xaiv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua laser system. Nws muab tawm tias neodymium iav tsis tuaj yeem muab lub zog xav tau. Lwm qhov teeb meem tau daws tau yooj yim nrog cov ntshav tsawg.

Tag nrho cov kev paub tau txais thaum lub sij hawm xeem ntawm "Omega" yog siv nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm "Omega-2" complex. Nws lub ntsiab tseem ceeb - kev sib ntaus sib tua laser - tam sim no tau tsim los ntawm cov roj ntws nrawm nrog cov twj siv hluav taws xob. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide tau raug xaiv los ua qhov nruab nrab ua haujlwm. Qhov kev pom pom tau ua los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Karat-2 TV system. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov kev txhim kho yog cov khib nyiab ntawm RUM-2B lub hom phiaj kev haus luam yeeb hauv av, thawj zaug nws tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hlis 22, 1982. Thaum lub sij hawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm "Omega-2" ntau lub hom phiaj raug tua, lub complex txawm pom zoo rau siv nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, tab sis tsis tsuas yog kom dhau, txawm mus cuag tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm kev tiv thaiv systems, lub laser. ua tsis tau.