Yas yog twb nyob txhua qhov chaw: nyob rau hauv lub system muab dej thiab Antarctica

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev nplua nuj ntawm cov yas hauv dej hiav txwv yog qhov teeb meem ntev. Kev tshawb fawb tshiab qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau dua ntawm cov khoom no hauv dej dua li yav tas los paub. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshuaj xyuas cov dej kais dej los ntawm 14 lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb thiab pom tias 83% ntawm cov qauv muaj cov kab mob microplastics.

Feem ntau ntawm cov yas muaj nyob rau hauv cov kais dej los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Lebanon thiab Is Nrias teb. Hauv cov teb chaws Europe, cov yas tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv dej - tsuas yog 72% ntawm cov qauv. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom yas hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog 4.8 rau 500 milliliters dej, thaum nyob sab Europe nws yog 1.9 rau 500 milliliters.

Cov yas hauv dej tuaj qhov twg? Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, cov khoom xa mus rau hauv dej tom qab ntxuav cov khoom hluavtaws, lawv yog cov khib nyiab thib ob (cov ntim yas, tais diav). Tsis tas li ntawd, microparticles ntawm lub tsheb log tsheb, microparticles ntawm cov xim, uas npog txoj kev, tsev, nkoj, nkag mus rau hauv dej.

Nws hloov tawm tias tib neeg haus cov yas tsis yog nrog cov nqaij nruab deg (ntau cov ntses tau noj cov yas ntev ntev los yog noj plankton, uas tseem noj cov yas), tab sis kuj ncaj qha nrog dej los ntawm cov dej.

“Plastic yog ib feem ntawm peb cov khoom noj txhua hnub. Plasticizing additives, xws li bisphenol A los yog phthalates, uas cuam tshuam rau endocrine system, yog "ntxuav" ntawm yas; hluav taws kub retardants thiab hnyav hlau hnyav uas adsorbed nyob rau hauv peb lub cev, "piav qhia North Carolina State University tus xibfwb Scott Belcher, tus cev lus rau US Endocrinological Society.

Txoj kev kawm txog cov dej kais dej rau cov ntsiab lus yas tau ua haujlwm los ntawm lub koom haum sau xov xwm ywj pheej Orb Media, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm University of Minnesota thiab State University of New York ntawm Fredonia tau koom ua haujlwm.

Microplastics litter Antarctica

Cov qib ntawm microplastics hais nyob rau hauv Antarctica yog ntau dua li qhov xav tau, pab pawg kws tshaj lij ceeb toom

Lub teb chaws Antarctic yog suav tias yog cov pristine thiab tsis muaj kuab paug piv rau lwm thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Hull thiab British Antarctic Survey (BAS) tau pom tias cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm microplastics yog tsib npaug ntau dua li qhov xav tau los ntawm cov chaw hauv zos xws li chaw tshawb fawb thiab nkoj.

Microplastics yog cov khoom uas tsawg dua 5 hli nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev xws li tshuaj txhuam hniav, tshuaj zawv plaub hau, gels da dej, thiab khaub ncaws. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khib nyiab yas hauv dej hiav txwv.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab qhia txog qhov muaj feem ntawm cov yas nkag los ntawm sab nraud thaj av los ntawm Antarctic Circumpolar Tam sim no, keeb kwm suav tias yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem.

"Antarctica yog suav tias yog ib qho kev sib cais, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Nws cov ecosystem tsis yooj yim heev thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntawm cov pa phem: whales, seals thiab penguins haus krill thiab lwm yam zooplankton ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov khoom noj. Peb cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib koom tes los saib xyuas thiab ntsuam xyuas cov qib microplastic nyob ib ncig ntawm Antarctic continent thiab Dej Hiav Txwv Southern, "cov ntawv sau ua tus sau Dr. Catherine Waller, tus kws tshaj lij hauv ecology thiab marine biology ntawm University of Hull.

Dej hiav txwv yav qab teb npog txog 8.5 lab square mais thiab ua rau 5.4% ntawm lub ntiaj teb dej hiav txwv. Lub cheeb tsam yog nce hem los ntawm kev nuv ntses, muaj kuab paug thiab invasive hom, thaum huab cua hloov yog nce dej hiav txwv kub thiab dej hiav txwv acidification. Tam sim no cov khib nyiab yas tau ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe no.

Microplastics nkag mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv los ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khib nyiab yas. Nws accumulates nyob rau saum npoo thiab tob dej hiav txwv dej thiab nyob rau hauv cov dej hiav txwv sib sib zog nqus sediments. Kev ntsuam xyuas tau pom tias ib lub tsho polyester / fleece tuaj yeem poob ntau dua 1,900 fibers ib zaug ntxuav, thaum ib nrab ntawm cov yas pov tseg ntab hauv dej hiav txwv thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau UV degradation thiab degradation. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov chaw tshawb fawb hauv Antarctica tsis muaj cov txheej txheem kho dej khib nyiab, txoj kev tshawb fawb tau hais.

Nws tau kwv yees tias txog li 500 kg ntawm microplastic hais los ntawm cov khoom tu tus kheej thiab txog li 25.5 billion cov khaub ncaws fibers nkag mus rau sab qab teb dej hiav txwv ib xyoo caum los ntawm kev ncig xyuas, nuv ntses thiab kev tshawb fawb. Txawm hais tias qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Southern Ocean scale, cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias nws tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw hauv cheeb tsam.

"Peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov peev txheej thiab txoj hmoo ntawm cov yas hauv cov dej no tsuas yog txwv qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Muab cov neeg tsawg tsawg nyob hauv Antarctica, kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha ntawm microplastics los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab zoo li yuav muaj qis dua qhov txwv tsis pub muaj nyob rau yav qab teb Dej Hiav Txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lwj ntawm cov khoom loj ntawm cov yas thiab cov khib nyiab nkag mus rau hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Yav Qab Teb dhau los ntawm lub hauv ntej polar tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov qib siab microplastics sau tseg hauv qee thaj chaw ntawm dej hiav txwv qhib," piav qhia tus kws sau ntawv Dr. Haw Griffiths..

Lawv txoj haujlwm sawv cev rau thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev paub txog qhov muaj microplastics hauv Antarctica thiab hu rau kev siv zog thoob ntiaj teb los saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej thaum nws tseem nyob rau theem ntxov, cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv Journal Science of the Total Environment.