Zharnikova S.V. Peb yog leej twg hauv cov teb chaws Europe qub no?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

… nyob rau hauv North Lavxias teb sab lus, cov lus feem ntau muaj lub ntsiab lus archaic ntau dua li qhov uas tau khaws cia rau hauv ib qho kev hloov kho thiab polished hauv cov lus dawb ceev ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm Ancient India.

Nyob rau hauv North Lavxias teb sab, gayat yog ntxuav, lis zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv Sanskrit, gaya yog ib lub tsev, ua liaj ua teb, tsev neeg.

Hauv cov lus Vologda, daim npav yog ib qho qauv woven rau ntawm daim ntaub, thiab hauv Sanskrit, daim npav yog spinning, txiav, sib cais. Lo lus prastava, uas yog, woven ornamental lossis embroidered strip uas adorns lub hem ntawm lub tsho, qhov kawg ntawm cov phuam da dej thiab feem ntau decorates khaub ncaws, nyob rau hauv Sanskrit txhais tau tias - ib zaj nkauj qhuas: tom qab tag nrho, nyob rau hauv zaj nkauj ntawm Rig Veda, dawb huv Kev hais lus tsis tu ncua cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntaub, thiab cov paj huam muaj tswv yim ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tau muab piv nrog cov ntaub - "Hmoob Fabric", "Hymn Weaving" thiab lwm yam.

Tej zaum, nws yog nyob rau hauv North Lavxias teb sab lus uas ib tug yuav tsum nrhiav ib tug piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas lub ritual qaug cawv ntawm catfish tau npaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv ntawm Rig Veda, ib tug tej yam "sib tsoo straw" yog tas li hais, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev npaj ntawm soma:

“Nrog lub thoob tsa, sib kis

Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, Kuv tig (nws kom nws muab) ntau chav rau cov vajtswv..

los yog

“Nyob rau ntawm txoj hlua khi ntawm tus txiv neej no

Squeezed soma rau kev txi ntawm (no) hnub, Ib zaj nkauj hais tau hais thiab (dhau) haus dej haus cawv."

Catfish, raws li koj paub, tau tov nrog mis nyuj thiab zib mu.

Tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv Vologda Oblast uas ib tug ntaus ntawv ua los ntawm straw folded nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug grate rau lim npias tau siv. Yog li ntawd, lub mysterious dej haus ntawm cov vajtswv tsis yog ib tug infusion ntawm ephedra los yog ya agarics, tsis yog cov mis nyuj vodka, raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb qhia, tab sis, pom tau hais tias, npias, secrets ntawm kev npaj uas tseem khaws cia zais cia nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb ces kaum. ntawm Russia North. Yog li, cov neeg laus hais tias ua ntej npias (thiab tam sim no vodka) tau boiled nrog mis nyuj thiab zib mu thiab tau txais ib tug hoppy haus nrog amazing zog.

Tab sis cov lus zoo kawg no tuaj yeem hnov tsis tau tsuas yog hauv cov zos ntawm Russia North. Ntawm no yog ob tug hluas thiab niaj hnub poj niam nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev Vologda, thiab, tej zaum, tham txog peb, ib tug ntawm lawv hais tias: "Divya muaj nws mus rau hauv lub qhov, ib tug txiv neej khwv tau nyiaj li ntawd." Lo lus txawv txawv no yog dab tsi - divya? Nws hloov tawm tias nws txhais tau tias cov hauv qab no - zoo, yooj yim, amazing. Tseem muaj lo lus divye - ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb, lub vas yog amazing. Thiab hauv Sanskrit? Zoo heev, divya txhais tau tias amazing, zoo nkauj, zoo kawg nkaus, saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, zoo kawg li.

Lossis ib qho kev sib tham hauv nroog ntxiv: “Cov pas dej zoo li no hauv lub tshav puam, cov kav dej tau tawg. Yog li ntawd nws thiaj ncaws thiab tsoo nws txhais tes.” Thaj, tus poob hauv nqe lus nug poob rau hauv dej. Rov qab mus rau Sanskrit dua, peb nco ntsoov tias muaj kulya lossis kula - kwj, dej. Tab sis muaj cov dej ntws nrog lub npe no nyob rau sab qaum teb Russia: Kula, Kuloi, Kulat, Kulom thiab lwm yam. Thiab dhau ntawm lawv, kuj tseem muaj ntau tus dej ntws, pas dej thiab chaw nyob, cov npe uas tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev xa mus rau Sanskrit. Lub ntim ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tsis pub peb nthuav tawm ntawm no tag nrho cov npe loj, suav ntau txhiab lub npe, tab sis ntawm no yog qee qhov ntawm lawv:

Stylized poj niam Vologda paj ntaub ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th (sab laug).

Indian paj ntaub los ntawm tib lub sijhawm.

Nws yog nthuav tias cov npe ntawm ntau tus dej - "dawb huv krinits", pom nyob rau hauv ancient Indian epic "Mahabharata", kuj nyob rau hauv peb Lavxias teb sab North. Cia peb teev cov uas phim qhov tseeb: Alaka, Anga, Kaya, Kuizha, Kushevanda, Kailasa, Saraga.

Tab sis kuj muaj tus dej Ganga, Gangreka, pas dej Gango, Gangozero thiab ntau, ntau lwm tus.

Peb niaj hnub no, tus zoo Bulgarian linguist V. Georgiev tau sau tseg txog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv qab no: "Cov npe ntawm thaj chaw yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev txiav txim siab ethnogenesis ntawm ib cheeb tsam. Hais txog kev ruaj khov, cov npe no tsis zoo ib yam, qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws yog cov npe ntawm cov dej ntws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tseem ceeb. " Tab sis txhawm rau khaws cov npe, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum khaws cia qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov pej xeem hla cov npe ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. Txwv tsis pub, cov neeg tshiab tuaj thiab hu txhua yam ntawm lawv tus kheej txoj kev. Yog li, nyob rau hauv 1927 ib pab neeg ntawm geologists "nrhiav" lub siab tshaj plaws roob ntawm lub Subpolar Urals. Nws raug hu los ntawm cov pej xeem Komi hauv zos Narada-Iz, Iz - hauv Komi - roob, pob zeb, tab sis Narada txhais li cas - tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem piav qhia. Thiab cov geologists txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm lub kaum ib xyoos ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig thiab, kom meej, kom rename lub roob thiab hu nws Narodnaya. Yog li tam sim no nws yog hu ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov gazetteers thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov maps. Tab sis lub ancient Indian epic qhia txog tus yawm sage thiab tus khub Narada, uas nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab xa cov lus txib ntawm Vajtswv rau cov neeg, thiab cov kev thov ntawm cov neeg mus rau Vajtswv.

Tib lub tswv yim tau hais rov qab rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20s ntawm peb lub xyoo pua los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab Academician AISobolevsky hauv nws tsab xov xwm "Lub npe ntawm cov dej ntws thiab cov pas dej ntawm Lavxias teb sab North": "Qhov pib ntawm kuv txoj haujlwm yog qhov kev xav tias ob pawg npe. muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg thiab koom nrog tib hom lus ntawm tsev neeg Indo-European, uas kuv rau tam sim no, tseem tab tom nrhiav rau lub sijhawm tsim nyog, Kuv hu rau Scythian."

Nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm peb caug xyoo, tus kws tshawb fawb Swedish G. Ehanson, soj ntsuam cov npe ntawm thaj chaw nyob sab qaum teb ntawm Tebchaws Europe (xws li Lavxias qaum teb), tau los xaus lus tias lawv yog raws li qee hom lus Indo-Iranian.

"Yog li dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem thiab ua li cas Sanskrit cov lus thiab cov npe tau txais mus rau Lavxias North?" - koj nug. Lub ntsiab lus yog tias lawv tsis tuaj ntawm Is Nrias teb mus rau Vologda, Arkhangelsk, Olonets, Novgorod, Kostroma, Tver thiab lwm thaj av Lavxias, tab sis qhov sib txawv heev.

Nco ntsoov tias qhov xwm txheej tsis ntev los no tau piav qhia hauv epic "Mahabharata" yog kev sib ntaus sib tua loj ntawm cov neeg ntawm Pandavas thiab Kauravas, uas ntseeg tau tias tau tshwm sim hauv 3102 BC. e. ntawm Kurukshetra (Kursk teb). Nws yog los ntawm qhov xwm txheej no uas ib txwm Indian chronology pib suav rov qab ntawm lub sijhawm tsis zoo - Kaliyuga (los yog lub sijhawm ntawm lub nceeg vaj ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kev tuag Kali). Tab sis thaum tig ntawm 3-4 xyoo txhiab BC. e. Tsis muaj ib pab pawg twg uas hais lus Indo-European (thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Sanskrit) ntawm Indian subcontinent tsis tau, Lawv tuaj tom qab ntau. Tom qab ntawd ib lo lus nug ntuj tshwm sim: lawv tau tawm tsam qhov twg hauv 3102 BC? e., uas yog, tsib txhiab xyoo dhau los?

Thaum pib ntawm peb caug xyoo, tus kws tshawb fawb Indian zoo Bal Gangadhar Tilak tau sim teb cov lus nug no los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv qub hauv nws phau ntawv "Lub Arctic Homeland hauv Vedas", uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1903. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub teb chaws ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Indo-Iranians (los yog, raws li lawv hu ua lawv tus kheej, cov Aryans) nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub Arctic vajvoog. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm cov lus dab neeg uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, uas tau muab faib ua ib nrab ntawm lub teeb thiab tsaus ntuj, hais txog lub hiav txwv khov mis nyuj, saum toj no uas lub Northern Lights ("Blistavitsy") sparkle, hais txog lub hnub qub tsis tsuas yog ntawm lub polar., tab sis kuj ntawm cov polar latitudes ncig ntawm lub caij ntuj no ntev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hnub qub Pole … Cov ntawv qub tau hais txog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav melting ntawm cov daus, txog lub caij ntuj sov uas tsis tau teem caij, hais txog cov roob stretching ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab faib cov dej ntws mus rau sab qaum teb (mus rau Hiav Txwv Mis) thiab ntws mus rau sab qab teb (mus rau Hiav Txwv South).

Nws yog cov roob no, tshaj tawm los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb "mythical", uas tau los ua ib tug stumbling block rau cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau sim, raws li Tilak, los txiav txim ntau tshwj xeeb uas lub teb chaws piav nyob rau hauv lub Vedas thiab "Mahabharata" yog, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub. Phau ntawv dawb ceev ntawm Iranians thaum ub "Avesta". Hmoov tsis zoo, Indologists tsis tshua tig mus rau Lavxias teb sab lus dialectological dictionaries, xyaum tsis paub Central Lavxias teb sab thiab ntau tshaj li North Lavxias teb sab toponymy, tsis tsom xam thaj chaw maps thiab tsis tshua saib mus rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lawv cov npoj yaig los ntawm lwm yam kev tshawb fawb: paleoclimatologists, paleobotanists, geomorphologists.. Txwv tsis pub, lawv tau ntev dhau los tau them nyiaj rau cov toj siab, uas yog hu ua Northern Uvals, ncab los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj, cim lub teeb xim av ntawm daim duab qhia chaw nyob sab Europe ntawm Russia. Nws yog lawv leej twg, txuas nrog Timan Ridge, Subpolar Urals nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab qhov siab ntawm Karelia nyob rau sab hnub poob, tsim qhov arc ntawm qhov siab, uas, raws li ancient Aryans ntseeg, faib lawv thaj av rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm cov latitudes uas Ptolemy (II xyoo pua AD) muab tso rau Ripeyskne, lub Hyperborean lossis Alaun roob, piv rau lub roob dawb huv ntawm Meru thiab Khara ntawm Aryan ancient. Nws tau sau tias "cov Alaun Scythians nyob hauv Sarmatia, lawv tsim ib ceg ntawm Sarmatians muaj zog thiab hu ua Alaunians". Ntawm no nws ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes ntawm lub xeev Vologda, ua nyob rau hauv 1890 los ntawm NA Ivanitsky: "Lub thiaj li hu ua Ural-Alaunskaya ridge stretches raws li yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm lub xeev, ntes Ustysolsky, Nikolsky, Totemsky, Vologda thiab Gryazovetsky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Cov no tsis yog roob, tab sis cov toj roob hauv pes lossis qhov siab tiaj tus uas ua haujlwm ua dej ntws ntawm Dvina thiab Volga systems. " Nws yuav tsum tau xav tias cov neeg ua liaj ua teb Vologda, uas hu ua cov toj no (xws li lawv txiv, yawg thiab yawm txiv) lub roob Alaun, feem ntau tsis tau nyeem Ptolemy thiab tsis tshua xav tias qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lub npe no. Yog tias cov kws tshawb nrhiav nrhiav Aryan poj koob yawm txwv lub tsev thiab lub roob dawb huv ntawm Aryans tig mus rau Ptolemy's "Geography", cov hauj lwm ntawm North Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab thaum ntxov centuries, los yog tej hauj lwm ntawm niaj hnub geomorphologists, ces muaj ntau yam teeb meem yuav raug tshem tawm. ntev dhau los. Yog li ntawd, ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws geomorphologists ntawm peb lub sij hawm, Yu. A. Meshcheryakov, hu ua lub Northern Uvaly "ib tug anomaly ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Plain" thiab hais tias lawv yog lub ntsiab watershed ntawm lub basins ntawm sab qaum teb thiab yav qab teb seas. Hais txog qhov tseeb hais tias qhov siab dua toj roob hauv pes (Central Lavxias teb sab thiab Volga) muab txoj kev rau lawv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab watershed ciam teb, nws ua rau cov nram qab no xaus: yav qab teb seas ". Thiab raws nraim qhov twg Northern Uvaly stretch ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj, cov npe ntawm cov dej ntws, pas dej, cov zos thiab cov zos, piav qhia tsuas yog nrog kev pab los ntawm cov lus dawb ceev ntawm Aryans - Sanskrit, tau khaws cia rau qhov loj tshaj plaws rau hnub no. Nws nyob ntawm no hais tias cov kev lig kev cai ntawm ancient geometric ornaments thiab kev kawm compositions, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm uas muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv ntau yam archaeological kab lis kev cai ntawm Eurasia, persisted nyob rau hauv lub weaving thiab paj ntaub ntawm Lavxias teb sab peasant poj niam mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Thiab ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov no yog cov ornaments, feem ntau complex thiab nyuaj rau siv, uas yog lub cim ntawm Aryan ancient.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 2nd BC. e. (thiab tejzaum nws ua ntej me ntsis) tuaj rau sab qaum teb hnub poob Is Nrias teb pab pawg neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov xibhwb, uas hu lawv tus kheej "Aryans". Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv tawm mus. Qee qhov, tej zaum, tseem nyob ntawm thaj chaw qub.

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1993, peb, ib pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm thaj av Vologda thiab peb cov qhua - ib pab pawg neeg pej xeem los ntawm Is Nrias teb (West Bengal), caij nkoj ntawm lub nkoj caij nkoj raws tus dej Sukhona, los ntawm Vologda mus rau Veliky Ustyug. Pab neeg Indian tau coj los ntawm ob tug poj niam uas muaj npe zoo - Darwini (muab lub teeb) thiab Vasanta (caij nplooj ntoos hlav). Lub nkoj tsav tau maj mam caij nkoj raws tus dej zoo nkauj sab qaum teb. Peb saib ntawm cov paj tawg paj, xyoo pua ntoo thuv, ntawm cov tsev hauv zos - ob lossis peb-storey tsev, ntawm cov kab txaij ntxhab, ntawm qhov chaw ntsiag to ntawm cov dej, qhuas qhov kev ntsiag to ntawm cov dawb sab qaum teb hmo ntuj. Thiab ua ke peb xav tsis thoob tias peb muaj ntau npaum li cas. Peb, Russians, vim hais tias peb cov qhua Indian tuaj yeem rov hais dua tom qab peb cov lus ntawm cov nkauj nrov nrov nrog kev xyaum tsis muaj suab nrov. Lawv, Indians, paub txog cov npe ntawm cov dej ntws thiab cov zos suab. Thiab ces peb saib cov ornaments ua ke, ua raws nraim hauv cov chaw uas peb lub nkoj hla. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau piav qhia txog qhov kev xav uas koj tau ntsib thaum cov qhua los ntawm ib lub tebchaws nyob deb, taw rau ib lossis lwm qhov paj ntaub ntawm 19th - 20th centuries ntawm Vologda cov poj niam cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, sib tham nrog lwm tus hais tias: "Qhov no yog nyob rau hauv Orissa, thiab qhov no. yog nyob rau hauv Rajasthan, thiab zoo li muaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Bihar, thiab qhov no yog nyob rau hauv Gujerat, thiab qhov no zoo li peb ua nyob rau hauv Bengal." Nws zoo siab heev uas tau hnov cov xov uas muaj zog txuas rau peb los ntawm ntau txhiab xyoo nrog peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob deb.

Nyob rau hauv 1914, Valery Bryusov sau paj huam, uas, thaj, yuav tau lees paub los ntawm ntau tshaj ib tug scientific ua hauj lwm.

Tsis xav tau kev npau suav dag

Tsis xav tau kev zoo nkauj utopias:

Tab sis Pob Zeb tsa cov lus nug

Peb yog leej twg hauv cov teb chaws Europe qub no?

Random qhua? Horde, Los ntawm Kama thiab Ob, Qhov ntawd ib txwm ua pa nrog npau taws

Puas yog txhua yam rhuav tshem hauv kev npau taws tsis muaj kev xav?

Los yog peb yog cov neeg zoo

Leej twg lub npe yuav tsis hnov qab

Leej twg hais lus tseem hu

Consonant nrog chant ntawm Sanskrit.

f. Science thiab Lub Neej, 1997, no. 5