Ukrainian lus

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Daim duab qhia no tseem ceeb tshaj qhov kev xaiv tsa thiab kev tshawb fawb.

Nws pom tseeb tias yog tias koj lub hlwb cais cov qub Polish thaj chaw, ntxiv rau xyoo 1939, koj tau txais lub xeev. Ua ntej peb yog ib feem ntawm Russia (uas yav tas los tau cais los ntawm lub ntsiab ib ncig ntawm tsuas yog ib tug conditional tswj ciam teb).

Puas yog nws txawv heev uas cov Russians txhawj xeeb txog nws?

Hais lus nruj me ntsis nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm linguistics, Ukrainian lus nws tus kheej yog ib hom lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Tab sis rau kev nom kev tswv, txij li lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, nws (zoo li Belarusian) tau raug hu ua lus ywj pheej. Tab sis ntawm kev kawm dialectological maps nws tseem hu ua qhov ntawd - Ukrainian dialect. Cov pab pawg neeg ntawm Eastern Slavic lus (Lavxias teb sab, Ukrainian, Belarusian) yog conditional. Hais txog nws, kev tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb yog ib txwm ua nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev kawm, xa mus rau cov xwm txheej keeb kwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua, tab sis tsis yog rau cov lus piav qhia rau kev sib cais ntawm cov lus.

Thiab cov lus no tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov lus ywj pheej rau qhov laj thawj uas nyob hauv UN, USSR tau sawv cev, ntxiv rau USSR nws tus kheej, los ntawm Ukraine thiab Belarus. Thiab kom formalize lawv cov xwm txheej, tus cwj pwm xav tau, ib qho ntawm cov lus. Yog li ntawd, cov lus uas tsim tom qab lub XIV-XV centuries (nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm Poland thiab Lithuania, uas suav nrog, feem, Ukrainian thiab Belarusian av), raws li nws yog, los ntawm lub neej ntawd los ua ywj siab lus nyob rau hauv lub conditional (los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav) East Slavic pawg.

Lub illusion ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov Ukrainian lus tsim nyog tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm, thaum lub thiaj li hu ua lus Ukrainian lus tau piav thiab formalized nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus Poltava, uas tau siv nyob rau hauv lub official sphere - ntawv xov xwm, phau ntawv, xov tooj cua, thiab lwm yam. Ua ntej ntawd, nws tau pom tias muaj kev sib npaug nrog lwm yam lus. Tib Gogol tsis nkag mus rau hauv nws lub taub hau los sau hauv Ukrainian (tam sim no nws tau raug txhais ua Ukrainian thiab thiaj li kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv!). Nws paub cov lus no, nws siv nws hauv kev hais lus ncaj qha ntawm nws tus phab ej, tab sis nws tau ua raws nraim li cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub no nrog cov lus Askiv sab qab teb lossis sab qaum teb.

Rau kev sib piv: qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus hauv German yog ntau zaus ntau dua li ntawm Lavxias thiab Ukrainian, txawm hais tias nws muaj nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw me me (ntau zaus). Yog vim li cas, piv txwv li, cov Austrian tsis xav txog lawv cov lus Austrian, tab sis xav tias nws yog ib ceg ntawm German? Tib daim duab hauv Armenian thiab ntau lwm tus.

Ib nrab ntawm cov lus hauv Kauslim yog qiv los ntawm Suav. Tab sis tsuas yog ntawm lub hauv paus no, tsis muaj leej twg suav tias hom lus no yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam lus Suav zoo (hauv ciam teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj nws tus kheej muaj txog 55 hom lus uas txawv ntawm ib leeg uas hais lus ntawm cov lus sib txawv feem ntau tsis to taub ib leeg, yog li ntawd. tsuas yog kev sau ntawv hieroglyphic sib koom ua ke yog kev sib txuas lus). Tom qab tag nrho, qhov tseeb yog tias cov lus Kauslim txawv ntawm cov lus Suav hauv syntax. Thiab ntawm cov lus Slavic, Ukrainian thiab Belarusian "lus" siv tib lub syntax li Lavxias. Nyob rau lub hauv paus no, linguists paub qhov txawv lawv li dialects.