Nyob zoo unwashed Russia - ideological sabotage

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Qub dag li riam phom ntawm Russophobes

Kawm M. Yu. Lermontov tom tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau pib thiab xaus nrog paj huam "Nyob zoo, unwashed Russia", kev kawm los ntawm lub siab yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv rau ntau tiam neeg. Qhov no coj mus rau lub fact tias yog hais tias tsis yog tag nrho yim kab, ces cov lus "unwashed Russia, lub teb chaws ntawm qhev, lub teb chaws ntawm masters", uas tau los ua ib tug haib ideological cliché, yuav luag txhua leej txhua tus paub.

Lermontov muaj ntau zaj paj huam zoo nkauj, tsuas yog tsis yog ze li ntawm qhov sib piv nrog cov lus hais saum toj no "pom", tab sis lawv tsis suav nrog hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis qhov no. Lub suab lus tsis zoo, kev sib piv tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj qhov tob tob, yog li tus yam ntxwv ntawm Lermontov. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nrhiav tau ib qho phem dua los sawv cev nws txoj haujlwm. Undoubtedly, txhua tus kws sau paj lug lossis tus kws sau ntawv, txawm nws zoo npaum li cas, muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab nws yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Yog, ntawm chav kawm, lub hom phiaj yog kev loj hlobcov tub ntxhais hluas, thiab tsis yog lwm yam.

Muaj qhov laj thawj zoo heevntseeg hais tias lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev tsim no nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv thiab nws tag nrho-round, loj replication tsis yog sau ntawv zoo, tab sis nws qw Russophobia. Qhov ntawd yog, nws yog ib qho kev ua ntawm kev nyeem ntawv ideological tsov rog.

Tab sis tej zaum cov neeg uas qhia nws rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv, txawm hais tias muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tshwj xeeb, tsuas yog muaj cov kev nyiam sau ntawv zoo li no thiab "peb, cov neeg pluag," qhov twg tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qib ntawm zaj paj huam, qhov no yog kev lag luam ntawm cov neeg nyob saum ntuj?

Tsis yog, qhov no tsis yog hais txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev zoo nkauj. Qhov tseeb yog qhov ntawd Soviet(thiab rau feem ntau Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov post-Soviet theem los ntawm inertia) cov phau ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nruj scientific cwj pwm. Cov kev xav tsis meej thiab tsis meej pem tsis raug tso cai nyob ntawd thiab txawm nyob ze. Qhov yuam kev, tau ntsib, tab sis lawv tsuas yog xav txog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev xav.

Qhov no, yog hais tias ib tug yuav hais li ntawd, txoj hauj lwm yog strikingly txawv los ntawm lwm cov paj huam los ntawm Lermontov (ntxiv rau lub off-scale Russophobia, antipatriotism thiab, muab nws me ntsis, tsis yog-ntseeg) nyob rau hauv uas. tsis muaj pov thawj ncaj qhahais tias nws belongs rau nws, thiab tsis yog rau lwm tus neeg. Ntawd yog, tsis muaj dab tsi hlo li.

Tsuas muaj ib txhiab zaus rov ua dua nqe lus, uas los ntawm ntau repetitions acquires cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv lub loj nco qab. Thiab cov repetitions no yog replicated nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv thiab luam tawm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tej hauj lwm. Raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws yog cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm qhov tseeb tias zaj paj huam no yog tus kws sau paj huam, thiab yuav tsum ua pov thawj … Tab sis lawv yuav tsis ua li no, hais txog … kev lig kev cai thiab kev sau ntawv, uas lawv tus kheej tsim. Raws li kev sib cav, hysterics thiab cov lus sib cav feem ntau yog nthuav tawm, xws li kev siv lub tswv yim ntawm Korolenko qhov chaw los ntawm 1890 (ib nrab xyoo tom qab Lermontov tuag). Rau qee yam lawv xav tau tiag tiagyog li ntawd cov me nyuam los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog xav txog lub Motherland "unwashed" thiab wretched.

Thiab dab tsi yog ntxuav, dab tsi yog huv? Tej zaum Persia, Is Nrias teb lossis Tuam Tshoj? Tsis muaj teeb meem. Ntshiab thiab vam meej - Sab hnub poob, ntawm chav kawm, koj yuav tsum tau ua piv txwv los ntawm nws, los yog txawm thov Vajtswv rau nws.

Ntawd yog, lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm no tsis yog txhua yam kom paub cov menyuam yaus nrog cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias, tab sis txawv kiag li - tsav lub russophobic stamp rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm cov me nyuam … Nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias tsuas yog vim li cas vim li cas paj huam tau suav nrog hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv yog nws lub zog Russophobic "lus", nthuav tawm hauv cov ntaub qhwv los ntawm cov paj huam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab, stamp, uas yuav embedded nyob rau hauv lub subconsciousness ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm lub teb chaws.

Rau dab tsi?

Ntawm chav kawm, rau tom ntej manipulation nrog unkind lub hom phiaj los ntawm cov neeg uas twb loj hlob tuaj. Zoo, yog tias cov neeg txawj ntse hais txog Russia zoo li ntawd, tej zaum nws yog qhov phem tiag tiag, qias neeg thiab tsw ntxhiab?! Tab sis qhia rau kuv, sau lawv ncaj ncees: "Paj paj huam los ntawm ib tug kws sau paj huam tsis paub ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19."thiab tag nrho lub halo yuav ya tawm nws tam sim ntawd. Leej twg xav tau nws, yog tias nws tsis raug ntaus nqi rau Lermontov? Yog li nws tsis yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig uas lawv suav nrog hauv cov phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau, ua txhaum txhua txoj cai - nws yog qhov tsim nyog heev.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lo lus "unwashed Russia", yog hais tias ib yam dab tsi, yog zoo kawg li, nws yog nws lub ntsiab lus thiab tig qhov teeb meem upside down. Hais txog kev nyiam huv, ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb los ntawm lub zos feem ntau khiav dej num uas tau ntxuav hauv chav da dej rau ntau pua xyoo tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv ib lub lis piam tsis tuaj yeem muab piv tsis tau tsuas yog nrog European peasants uas tau ntxuav ob zaug hauv lawv lub neej, tab sis kuj nrog cov kws tshaj lij Fab Kis zoo tshaj plaws uas tau ntxuav hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws, ib xyoos ib zaug thiab tsim cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab cov cologne los tawm tsam cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm lub cev tsis tau ntxuav ob peb zaug hauv lawv lub neej, thiab cov poj niam uas hnav cov cuab yeej fleas.

Yog hais tias peb rov qab mus rau cov haujlwm uas tau hais los saum no, cov kws tshawb fawb sau ntawv tau tsim los ntev nrog qhov tshwm sim siab heev uas cov paj huam "Farewell rau unwashed Russia" tsis yog Lermontovthiab nws tus sau yog ib tug neeg txawv kiag li. Nov yog cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no:

• tsis muaj autograph ntawm tus sau (original).
• Thawj thawj zaug tshwm sim 32 xyoo tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, thiab tshwm nyob rau hauv luam tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1887.
• tsom xam ntawm cov style qhia tau hais tias tag nrho inconsistency nrog cov style ntawm Lermontov. Yog li crooked dluab ntawm "xiav khaub ncaws", "pasha" tsis pom nyob qhov twg.
• Qhov feem ntau yuav muaj tseeb tus sau yog qhia meej meej - tus kws sau paj huam-parodist Dmitry Minaev, ib tug ardent antipatriot thiab anti-xeev, txawm ib tug Russophobe, uas nquag sau nws parodies thiab epigrams tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm thaum "poem pom." Nws yog rau nws tias lub stylistic tig ntawm zaj paj huam no yog yam ntxwv.
• Thaum xub thawj, muaj ob peb versions ntawm paj huam. Yog li ntawd muaj cov lus hais tias "Kuv yuav nkaum ntawm koj cov vaj ntxwv" thiab "Kuv yuav nkaum ntawm koj cov thawj coj", uas yuav coj txawv txawv hauv ntau dua 30 xyoo.

Sklochnik thiab cawv Minaev nws tsis zais nws kev ntxub ntxaug rau Lavxias teb sab classics - nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas nws cov txuj ci nrog lawv, nws tus kheej cov paj huam tsis muaj kev cia siab, thiab nws txoj kev xav tau dhau los. Zoo ib yam li tam sim no tsis nco qab parodist kws sau paj lug Alexandra Ivanova, tib cosmopolitan, Russophobe, tib tus uas squealed tias nws yuav txhawb cov fascists nyob rau hauv tsov rog, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv "fascism muaj private khoom." Los ntawm txoj kev, nws kuj tuag los ntawm cawv.

Muaj, tej zaum, tsis yog ib qho classic thiab ua haujlwm loj uas nws yuav tsis nti thiab txhais lus yuam kev. Nws lub npe feem ntau tau hais txog kev sib txuas nrog kev sau ntawv cuav, uas nws yog tus tswv, thiab qee qhov kev thuam thuam. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev dag ntxias, kev thuam thiab kev tso dag, qee zaum lawv tau ua ke nrog cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab tus tshaj tawm txawv txawv Bartenev. Lawv hais tias Minaev tuaj yeem yog tus kws sau ntawv zoo, tab sis hloov pauv nws lub peev xwm rau kev thuam thuam, luag ntxhi thiab kev thuam ntau dhau. Cov geniuses tau thiab nyob twj ywm, thiab tsis muaj leej twg nco txog tus neeg dag … Thiab kuv yuav tsis nco qab yog tias nws tsis yog rau nws qhov qub dag, ces siv los ntawm cov neeg tsis zoo.

Leej twg tau txais txiaj ntsig, txawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, suav nrog cov paj huam no hauv Lermontov cov ntawv sau? Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug nthuav. Nws zoo li muaj kev sim qhia zaj paj huam rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm nyob rau hauv lub 20s, tab sis nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 30s, thaum Stalin pib muaj zog, nws ploj mus, nrog rau ntau lwm yam Russophobic creations. Tom qab ntawd ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm Russophobes tau "tsis muaj kev tawm tsam" raws li lub peev xwm (los yog twb tsim lawm) "thib tsib kem" nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.

Thawj thawj zaug, cov khoom loj heev pib hauv 1961, nyob rau hauv Khrushchev. Ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev sau ntawv muaj cov lus xaiv uas lawv tau raug thawb los ntawm theem ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm CPSU los ntawm Academy of Sciences. Tab sis leej twg raws nraim yog qab lub tswv yim ntawm no stuffing, thiab leej twg yuam kom qhia cov paj huam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sau ntawm tej hauj lwm, yog li ua nws ib tug literary canon, tseem tsis paub meej.

Ib tug laus heev dag

Irregularity rau tag nrho cov creativity ntawm M. Yu. Lermontov zaj paj huam Farewell, Unwashed Russia, ntaus nqi rau nws thiab tsis tu ncua txawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv, tau ntev ua rau tsis ntseeg txog nws qhov tseeb. Tab sis feem ntau nws tshwm sim tias yog hais lus dag ntau zaus, ces lawv tau siv rau nws, thiab nws twb zoo li muaj tseeb … Yog li nws yog nrog zaj paj huam no. Tau ntau tiam neeg, nws raug yuam kom nco hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab zoo li txhua tus uas Lermontov txoj kev sau ntawv tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub ntawm no. Qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees no yog qhov nyuaj heev kom cuam tshuam los ntawm. Tab sis nws yuav zoo li tias nws txaus tsuas yog muab tso rau ib sab ntawm lwm nqe lus - thiab rudeness, cov kab clumsy tam sim ntawd ntes lub qhov muag … Thiab zaj dab neeg ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov paj huam no - ntau xyoo tom qab kev tuag ntawm "tus kws sau ntawv" - yog qhov txawv heev.

Thiab ib tug yuav tsum xav tau tiag tiag, txawm li cas los xij, qhia txog zaj paj huam no rau Lermontov, suav nrog nws hauv qeb ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tsis xav paub, ua rau nws yog ib qho ntawm ob peb qhov yuav tsum tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Thiab yog hais tias nws tsis tau raug ntaus nqi rau Lermontov, ces muaj tseeb Pushkin yuav.

A. S. Pushkin: "Rau Hiav Txwv"

Goodbye free element!

Txog lub caij kawg ntawm kuv xub ntiag

Koj dov xiav nthwv dej

Thiab koj ci nrog kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.

Tsim los ntawm M. Yu. Lermontov: "Goodbye, unwashed Russia"

Nyob zoo unwashed Russia

Ib thaj av ntawm qhev, thaj av ntawm tus tswv.

Thiab koj xiav uniforms

Thiab koj, lawv cov neeg ncaj ncees.

Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv dag, tsis zoo li kev dag ntxias, uas tsuas yog kev tso dag tso dag, siv cov haujlwm yooj yim lees paub raws li qhov qub, thawj kab uas tsuas yog hloov pauv me me xwb. Cov txheej txheem no kuj tau siv dav hauv hom parody, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau qhov uas ib tug hoax tseem presupposes ib feem ntawm cunning deception, lwm tus neeg kos npe. Nyob rau hauv cov kab hauv qab no, tus sau ntawm ib tug parody los yog lus dag dag, raws li txoj cai, tawm mus deb ntawm tus thawj, thiab yog li ntawd tus thib ob stanzas ntawm ob zaj paj huam xyaum tsis coincide ntxiv lawm:

Zoo li kev quaj ntsuag ntawm ib tug phooj ywg, Yuav ua li cas yog nws hu nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm farewell, Koj lub suab tu siab, koj lub suab caw

kuv hnov kawg…

(Pushkin)

Tej zaum tom qab phab ntsa ntawm Caucasus

Kuv yuav nkaum ntawm pasha, Los ntawm lawv txhua qhov-pom qhov muag

Los ntawm lawv txhua lub pob ntseg.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov ntaub ntawv dag dag tau nthuav dav thiab kev ua si zoo nkauj parlor. Kev hla koj cov haujlwm qub lossis kev ua kom zoo li lwm tus lossis tsis paub tus sau yog kev lom zem kws sau ntawv prank. Qhov no yog precisely lub attribution ntawm M. Yu. Lermontov ntawm no paj huam. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau nthuav dav rau lub hom phiaj sib txawv los ntawm Russophobic ideologues thiab tig los ntawm kev dag ntxias mus rau hauv kev dag ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus.

Los ntawm editorial board ntawm "Literary Russia"

Paj huam "Farewell, unwashed Russia" thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv tsab ntawv rau P. I. Bartenev rau P. A. Efremov thaum Lub Peb Hlis 9, 1873 nrog daim ntawv "tso los ntawm tus thawj." Nyob rau hauv 1955, ib tsab ntawv los ntawm tib Bartenev rau N. V. Putyate, sau tsis pub dhau 1877 (xyoo ntawm Putyata txoj kev tuag) nrog cov ntawv sau zoo sib xws: "los ntawm thawj txhais tes ntawm Lermontov." Nyob rau hauv 1890, tib lub Bartenev luam tawm lwm version ntawm zaj paj huam no (nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb lub sij hawm muaj qhov sib txawv) nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Lavxias teb sab Archive" luam tawm los ntawm nws, nrog ib tug sau rau lub sij hawm no - "sau los ntawm cov lus ntawm tus kws sau paj lug los ntawm ib tug niaj hnub.."

Peb xyoos dhau los, P. Viskovatov tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal Russkaya Starina yam tsis tau qhia meej txog qhov chaw tib yam Bartenian version nrog tsuas yog ib lo lus hloov - "cov thawj coj" (No. 12, 1887). Cov ntawv sau npe xa mus rau hauv Bartenev cov ntawv, tau kawg, tsis tau muaj sia nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws tshaj lij keeb kwm, kws sau keeb kwm thiab phau ntawv sau keeb kwm tsis tau hais dab tsi txog daim ntawv no nyob qhov twg: nws pom nws, leej twg muaj, thiab lwm yam. Rau ib tug neeg uas tau mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho los nrhiav thiab tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis paub thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau thiab keeb kwm txog cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias, xws li kev zais tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw nyob - "tus thawj, txhais tes ntawm Lermontov" - tsuas yog ib qho tsis meej.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tshwj tsis yog rau ib qho chaw uas tsis muaj npe, peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg - P. I. Bartenev … Thiab txhua zaus peb ntsib qhov tsis sib haum xeeb loj: hauv nws cov ntawv nws hais txog qhov tsis paub txog daim ntawv sau npe, thiab hauv nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm nws tau ua tib zoo ua tib zoo saib rau "kev nco zoo" ntawm cov neeg tsis paub niaj hnub, uas, ib nrab xyoo tom qab, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua qhov no. "unknown masterpiece." Nws yog qhov laj thawj los nug: nws yog leej twg, qhov no tsuas yog qhov ntawm cov paj huam coj txawv txawv uas tau tshwm sim ntau xyoo tom qab tus kws sau paj huam tuag!

Bartenev Pyotr Ivanovich yug nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1829, thiab thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tua ntawm Lermontov nws tsuas yog 11 xyoo. Ntawm nws cov ntawv sau, ntau phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv hais txog Pushkin ("Cov dab neeg txog Pushkin, sau los ntawm cov lus ntawm nws cov phooj ywg PI Bartenev hauv 1851-1860", thiab lwm yam). Herzen cov lus ceeb toom ntawm Catherine II, luam tawm los ntawm tom kawg hauv London xyoo 1859. Txij li thaum xyoo 1863, rau ib nrab xyoo, nws tau tshaj tawm cov ntawv xov xwm Lavxias Archive, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis paub txog cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev xav ntawm "Brief Literary Encyclopedia", "Bartenev ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv archaeographic thiab textological cov ntsiab lus tsis nyob rau theem siab txaus." Thiab qhov ntawd tau muab nws me ntsis.

Kev koom tes nrog Herzen thiab nws cov xov xwm tsis muaj kev tso cai qhia txog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm P. Bartenev. Kev siv zog ntawm kev nyiam kev nom kev tswv thiab kev xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm rau txoj cai ntawm cov kws sau paj huam hauv tebchaws tau lees paub los ntawm tag nrho cov tib neeg xav tau cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej meej. Thiab qhov kev thov, raws li koj paub, ua rau cov khoom lag luam nce ntxiv, thiab yog tias tus tshaj tawm tshaj lij uas tau mob siab rau nws lub neej los tshaj tawm cov ntawv xov xwm tshwj xeeb rau lub hom phiaj no tsis muaj cov khoom tsim nyog ntawm tes, yog li koj tsis tuaj yeem ua dab tsi los tswj kev txaus siab rau koj. phau ntawv xov xwm, kom txuag kev ncig?

Bartenev tau paub zoo nrog Pushkin txoj haujlwm, ua siab ntev rau kev tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm, thiab tau txais nws txhais tes ntawm "kev pom zoo" thiab lawv cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Nws sau yim oakish kab, txawm hais tias muaj kev nyuaj, nrog kev pab los ntawm qiv los ntawm Pushkin - nws muaj peev xwm heev. Thiab tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo. Unmasked, xws li kev dag dag tsis tau hem nws nrog ib yam dab tsi tab sis luag thiab saib xyuas pej xeem. Tab sis Bartenev nws tus kheej tsis tshua xav tias qhov kev tawm tsam no yuav muaj qhov tshwm sim zoo li no.

Nws yog nthuav tias cov compilers ntawm sau tej hauj lwm ntawm M. Yu. Lermontov (1961) tau hais txog cov paj huam no heev. Tsis muaj peev xwm (rau qhov laj thawj pom tseeb) kom nthuav tawm qhov kev dag ntxias no, tig mus rau hauv kev dag ntxias los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, lawv tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub facsimile ntawm M. Yu. Lermontov's "Homeland" (v. 1, p. 706). Tseeb tiag, tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi nthuav tawm qhov kev dag ntxias zoo dua li muab piv nrog tus thawj. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsim nyog heev, ces koj tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov qub thiab tawv ncauj rov ua dua qhov mediocre forgery. Txawm hais tias nws yog qhov tseeb txawm tias tus neeg ua haujlwm uas Lermontov thiab qhov kev coj tus cwj pwm no tsis muaj dab tsi zoo sib xws.

Parodying ib tug kws sau paj lug

DD Minaev yog ib tug kws sau paj lug ntawm "Iskra", ib tug parodist, ib tug neeg sau xov xwm, uas tsis quav ntsej ib tug zoo kawg nkaus creation ntawm yav dhau los "aristocratic" era thiab rewrote lawv nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm liberalism - "tsis muaj dab tsi yog dawb huv." Kuv xav tias "Farewell, unwashed Russia" yog lub sijhawm rov qab los rau tus sau tiag.

Niaj hnub nimno yog ib txwm nrhiav kev txhawb nqa yav dhau los thiab nrhiav kev txhais lus rau nws tus kheej nyiam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ntau conjuncture thiab falsehood, thaum yav tas los hloov mus rau hauv lub hostage ntawm tam sim no. Kev tawm tsam nrog yav dhau los thiab yav dhau los tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo thiab lub cim ntiaj teb. Hauv lub ntiaj teb lub cim, ib qho ntawm nws cov lus qhia tseem ceeb yog cov ntawv tseeb, uas, ntau dua li lwm yam kev sau ntawv (cov ntawv nyeem), yog ze rau cov neeg coob coob, ua rau kev nco qab. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev dag ntxias thiab kev dag ntxias thiab kev dag ntxias tau ua nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv yog (txawm tias qhov no tsis zoo li tam sim no) kev tawm tsam kev sib raug zoo. Ntau qhov kev dag ntxias yog ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev sau ntawv masterpieces txhawm rau hloov mus rau qhov xav tau ntawm qhov tseeb tshiab. Yog li, "Eugene Onegin", "Woe from Wit", "Dead Souls", "Dab" thiab lwm yam haujlwm zoo thiab nrov tau raug "kho".

Paj huam "Farewell, unwashed Russia" yog ntaus nqi rau M. Yu. Lermontov.

Nws yog thawj zaug hais nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv mus rau P. I. Bartenev nyob rau hauv 1873, 32 xyoo tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Qhov txawv yog tias tus kws sau paj huam ib txwm yuav luag tsis hnov qab qhov kev tshawb pom no. Lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis ua raws li txawm tias tom qab thawj zaug luam tawm xyoo 1887. Tsis muaj kev xyiv fab tau nthuav tawm, tsis muaj kev sib cav tshwm sim hauv xov xwm. Tej zaum cov neeg nyeem ntawv paub tias cov kab no yog leej twg?

Cov neeg sau ntawv thuam, uas muaj nuj nqis rau lawv lub koob npe nrov, feem ntau hais txog qhov tsis muaj daim ntawv sau npe thiab tsis txhob ntaus nqi ua haujlwm rau tus sau yam tsis muaj yam tsawg kawg ntawm lub neej. Tab sis tsis yog hauv qhov no! Ob qhov kev tshaj tawm - P. A. Viskovatov, thiab tom qab ntawd P. I. Bartenev, txawm hais tias lawv tsis tau raug ntes ib zaug hauv kev ntseeg phem, tau lees txais yam tsis muaj kev tsis ntseeg thiab yav tom ntej kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsuas yog hais txog qhov tsis sib xws. Thiab ntawm no qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau nthuav tawm, uas tsis tau ploj mus txog rau tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev sib cav ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm Lermontov txoj kev sau ntawv tsis tau ua tiav hauv qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no. Cov paj huam tau dhau los ua canonical thiab suav nrog hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv uas yog ib qho txuj ci ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo nkauj.

Ntawm no yog yim-kab, uas yeej ua rau tsis ntseeg txog kev hlub ntawm M. Yu. Lermontov:

D. D. Minaev:

Hauv lwm tus epigram:

Thaum nruab hnub mob, Kuv mus rau Caucasus

Lermontov ntsib kuv nyob ntawd, Spattered nrog av nkos ib zaug …

Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam "Moonlit Hmo ntuj", lub motives ntawm Lermontov paj huam "Mtsyri" yog hu, thiab txhua stanza xaus nrog ib tug refrain: "… Los ntawm lub ntuj xiav … Lub hli ntsia kuv." Tag nrho cov no ntawm qhov kev xav "Txhua yam yog qhov zoo, zoo nkauj marquise …"

Raws li lawv hais, tsis muaj dab tsi dawb huv. Minaev nws tus kheej lees tias:

Kuv nkag siab zoo txog qhov zais cia, Yuav sau li cas original:

Nqe yuav pib pompously

Thiab kuv mam li xaus nws trivally …

Suddenly nqa txhua yam khoom ua ke, Kuv paub tseeb - oh nyeem! -

Tias koj yuav pom cov txuj ci hauv kuv.

Nws tsis yog coincidence uas parody "Goodbye, Unwashed Russia" tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1873. Feem ntau, nws yog thaum ntawd nws tau sau los ntawm D. Minaev. Raws li Klechenov convincingly qhia nyob rau hauv Literary Russia, qhov no yog ib tug parody ntawm Pushkin's mus rau lub hiav txwv.

Nyob rau hauv 1874-1879 D. Minaev sau paj huam satirical "Tus dab", uas muaj cov nram qab no kab:

“Dab yog kev sib tw.

Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam

Nws tsis pom huab cua hmo ntuj

Ntawm nws lub tsho xiav xiav

Cov hnub qub ntawm txhua qib ci ntsa iab …"

Nws yog ib qho laj thawj heev uas ntawm no tus sau tau siv nws tus kheej nrhiav - "blue uniforms". Raws li koj tau pom, nws yog ntau inherent hauv D. Minaev thiab raug rau nws. Tab sis M. Yu. Lermontov tsis muaj dab tsi zoo. Vim li cas cov phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov kws sau ntawv zoo tsim, yog tias tsis yog rau kev kawm txog cov duab poetic thiab cov lus? Nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov yim-nqe, tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm parody raug soj ntsuam: qhov sib txawv ntawm style thiab thematic cov ntaub ntawv; txo, discrediting ntawm cov khoom stylized thiab txawm ntawm tag nrho cov artistic thiab ideological complex ntawm tus thawj, ntawm tus kws sau paj lug lub ntiaj teb no outlook tag nrho. Qhov no yog raws nraim li cov kws sau ntawv ntawm Iskra ua, parodying cov kws sau paj lug ntawm "dawb huv art".

Maj mam (thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tam sim no, nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm), qhov dag, nqa tawm los ntawm cov publishers ntawm parody, tig mus rau hauv ib tug dag, ua hauj lwm rau cov tw ntawm Russia. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tiam, uas yuav siv sij hawm nws tso cai raws li ib tug hauj lwm ntawm ib tug zoo kws sau paj lug. Nws zoo nkaus li tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm txhua lub luag haujlwm xav cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv yog muab txhua yam hauv nws qhov chaw.