Myths hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Neuromyths, uas yog, kev xav tsis zoo txog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm peb lub hlwb, feem ntau yog raws li kev txhais lus tsis raug lossis qub dhau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Pab pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb neuroscientists ntawm National Center for Scientific Research thiab University of Orleans thov kom tshem tawm ntau cov neuromyphs siv cov khoom ua si hauv Slate lub vev xaib.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Kaum Hli 6-14, ib pab pawg kws tshawb fawb neuroscientists ntawm National Center for Scientific Research thiab University of Orleans tab tom npaj siv kev ua si los cuam tshuam ntau yam neuromyphs.

Nws cov xwm txheej zoo li no: ceeb hauv chav kuaj mob neurobiological! Xib fwb Sibulo pom tias neuromiphs sai sai kis ntawm cov pejxeem thiab cuam tshuam lub hlwb ntawm txhua tus neeg uas ntes lawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog, tsis tas nkim sij hawm, los kho qhov teeb meem ua ntej lawv ua rau kev puas tsuaj irreparable.

Xib fwb Sibulo xav tau koj kev pab. Koj ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij neuroscientist, thiab koj txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau nrhiav ntau yam neuromyths thiab rhuav tshem lawv.

Tswvyim #1: Lub hlwb loj cuam tshuam rau kev txawj ntse

"Koj lub taub hau yog npliag!" "Koj muaj lub hlwb noog!" Cov kab lus no feem ntau yog siv los qhia rau tus neeg nws txoj kev ruam thiab tsis muaj siab xav. Lawv yog cov hauv paus hauv kev pom ntev ntev ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub hlwb ntim thiab kev txawj ntse.

Tus ntxhw lub hlwb hnyav 5 kg, thiab lub hlwb ntawm cov phev whale hnyav 7 kg, uas yog, yuav luag 5 npaug tshaj peb li (qhov nruab nrab, 1.3 kg). Thiab txawm hais tias peb pib los ntawm qhov piv ntawm lub hlwb qhov hnyav rau lub cev qhov hnyav, peb tseem yuav poob: lub sijhawm no - ib tug sparrow, uas nws lub paj hlwb suav txog 7% ntawm qhov hnyav piv rau 2.5% rau peb.

Tam sim no cia peb piv lub hlwb hnyav ntawm tib neeg niaj hnub thiab lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv. Hauv 7.5 lab xyoo, qhov loj ntawm lub hlwb tau tripled. Ua li ntawd, nyob rau hauv peb hom "homo sapiens" nws qhov ntim yog pheej yig: los ntawm 15-20% piv rau Cro-Magnons.

Puas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam? Thaum nws los txog rau lub hlwb loj, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov txiv neej muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm 13% ntau lub hlwb loj dua cov poj niam. Yog lawm, tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias lub hlwb ntawm tus kws kho mob nto moo Albert Einstein yog 10% tsawg dua li qub.

Yog li, koj puas xav tias koj qhov kev txawj ntse nyob ntawm lub hlwb?

Tswvyim #2: Txom nyem tom qab 20 xyoo

Raws li kev tsim dogma, tom qab 20 xyoo, kev poob ntawm cov neurons pib thiab, vim li ntawd, qhov pib ntawm qhov poob ntawm peb lub peev xwm ntawm lub hlwb.

Tsuas yog nqe lus no tsis quav ntsej qhov tseeb tias peb twb tau poob ntau cov neurons ntau dhau lawm, txij thaum yug los. Thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo, ib tug ntau ntawm cov neurons yog tsim, ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov uas tuag lawm. Kev tshem tawm cov neurons ntxiv rau feem ntau xaus nrog kev yug menyuam. Kev poob ntawm neurons thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob yog ib theem tseem ceeb hauv lub hlwb kom loj hlob.

Tau ntau xyoo lawm, cov kws tshawb fawb neuroscientists ntseeg tias peb tau yug los nrog cov naj npawb ntawm cov neurons ruaj khov, thiab qhov kev poob yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem kho. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1998, kev tshawb pom kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim: tib neeg lub hlwb tsim cov neurons.

Tom qab ntawd, kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub tias hauv ib feem ntawm lub hlwb, kev tsim cov neurons yeej tsis nres: hippocampus tsim txog 700 neurons ib hnub twg hauv lub hlwb ntawm tus neeg laus.

Neurons yog rhiab heev rau ib puag ncig

Kev tsim cov neurons tshiab los ntawm cov qia hlwb hu ua neurogenesis. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si embryonic thiab cov laus theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, nws yog heev raug rau ib puag ncig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab.

Ib pawg kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Molecular Immunology thiab Neurogenetics tab tom kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab rau ntawm lub hlwb kev loj hlob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv neurogenesis. Tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim kom muaj qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tshuaj tsawg hauv cov nas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm theem ntawm lub hlwb thaj tsam uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov neurons tshiab.

Ua li ntawd, ib puag ncig kuj tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau neurogenesis. Tshwj xeeb, nws tau yooj yim los ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab lub cev ua si, nrog rau kev sib raug zoo. Ua li ntawd, lub hlwb lub peev xwm los tsim cov neurons tshiab txo nrog hnub nyoog.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub hlwb tsis yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neurons, tab sis kev sib txuas ntawm lawv. Kev poob ntawm cov neurons tsis yog qhov phem heev yog tias kev sib txuas zoo raug tswj xyuas ntawm tus so.

Kev sib txuas ceev dua

Tab sis dab tsi txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib txuas? Neurons txuas ntawm qib synapse. Cov teeb liab ntau dhau ntawm ob lub neurons, qhov muaj zog synapse. Kev kawm txhais tau tias ua kom muaj kev sib txuas sai ntawm cov neurons.

Feem ntau siv neural pathways dhau los ua txoj kev nthuav dav uas pab daws teeb meem thiab kev txav mus los, thiab tseem muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev kawm thiab tsim kev nco tshiab.

Cov txheej txheem no yog txuam nrog cov plasticity ntawm lub hlwb, uas, raws li tau tsim kom meej meej, nyob mus ib txhis nyob rau hauv peb lub neej.

Ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj hwm cov yas no, nws tsim nyog sau cia lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ua neurotransmitters. Lawv pub dawb ntawm qib synapse thiab muab kev sib txuas lus ntawm ob lub neurons. Ntawm lawv yog glutamine, dopamine, acetylcholine thiab serotonin.

Serotonin paub los tswj kev puas siab puas ntsws sib npaug thiab koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm tib neeg lub siab. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab cuam tshuam rau cov nyiaj hauv lub hlwb.

Ua li ntawd, serotonin kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau txoj kev nco. Nws ua rau receptors nyob rau saum npoo ntawm neurons los tswj lawv cov duab, tus naj npawb ntawm synapses thiab synaptic plasticity.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Orleans Center rau Molecular Biophysics tau los tuav nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj neurotransmitter no thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm receptors. Tshwj xeeb, lawv muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov receptors tuaj yeem ua rau kev kawm tsis taus nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib kab mob caj ces.

Neuronal plasticity thiab neurogenesis yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas nyob thoob plaws hauv peb lub neej, thiab tseem yog tus yuam sij rau kev kawm thiab hloov mus rau qhov xwm txheej tshiab. Yog li, koj puas tseem ntseeg cov dab neeg hais tias tib neeg lub hlwb pib poob qis thaum ntxov li 20 xyoo?