Pob zeb dawb carving ntawm lub tuam tsev hauv Yuryev-Polsky

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

St. George's Cathedral yog lub tsev teev ntuj dawb-pob zeb nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm ib qho chaw qub txeeg qub teg hauv nroog Yuryev-Polsky, cheeb tsam Vladimir. Ua nyob rau hauv 1230-1234 los ntawm tub huabtais Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Kev lig kev cai, nws tau ntseeg tias lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj dawb-pob zeb ntawm St. George, uas tau tsim hauv 1152 thaum lub nroog tau tsim los ntawm Yuri Dolgoruky. Kev tshawb fawb archaeological nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tau qhia tias lub tuam tsev ntawm 1152 nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib txawv (qhov twg tseem tsis paub meej). Thaj, thawj lub tsev teev ntuj tsis txawv ntau yam ntawm lub eponymous Vladimir pawg ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm Dolgoruky, Boris thiab Gleb nyob rau hauv Kideksha ze Suzdal, tus Cawm Seej nyob rau hauv Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Hais txog lub nroog me me zoo nkauj ntawm Yuryev-Polsky, uas yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Vladimir, kuv twb qhia rau koj ntau tshaj ib zaug. Cia kuv ceeb toom rau koj tias nws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog Poland, nws yog Polish tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws nyob hauv thaj chaw uas siv los hu ua Opole. Ntawm no, piv txwv li, Golden Calf tau ua yeeb yaj kiab - nws yog Yuryev-Polsky uas tau los ua lub nroog Arbatov. Tab sis hnub no tus ncej tsis yog hais txog qhov ntawd, tab sis hais txog dab tsi. Nyob ntawm no muaj ib lub tuam tsev zoo kawg nkaus. Rau kuv tus kheej, nws yog ib tug ntawm peb zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia, kuv kuj tau tham txog nws ib zaug, tab sis hnub no kuv xav qhia rau koj me ntsis txog nws zoo kawg nkaus dawb pob zeb carving, uas yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsis quav ntsej.

Kuv yuav hais tam sim ntawd tias kuv tau shoveled ntau cov ntaub ntawv network nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sim mus txiav txim seb lub phiaj xwm depicted rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau kuv txhais tag nrho cov phiaj xwm - nws zoo li kuv tias cov kws tshaj lij yuav tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog nws thiab.

Lub tsev teev ntuj no yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas nws yog lub xeem dawb-pob zeb cathedral ntawm hom no nyob rau hauv Russia, ua ua ntej invasion ntawm lub Tatars. Nws tau fij tseg rau hnub uas yooj yim nco txog - 1234, thiab 4 xyoos tom qab ntawd muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Nroog Dej, uas Yuri Vsevolodovich tuag thiab los ntawm lub Tatar quab yuam pib mus rau qhov loj. Thaum xub thawj, nws siab dua thiab "slender" dua li lub tsev teev ntuj tam sim no - qhov no, zoo li boletus nceb, cuddles hauv av. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th nws tsoo thiab yuav tsum tau rov qab. Thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub pob zeb dawb carving kuj txawv me ntsis, txawm tias

Yuav luag tag nrho lub tsev teev ntuj yog them nrog outlandish ornaments, nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej lawv twb ua hauj lwm ntawm kos duab. Tab sis kuj tsis yog tsuas yog ornaments, tab sis kuj bas-reliefs depicting neeg dawb huv, princes, mythical creatures, thiab txawm ib tug ntxhw! Tus ntxhw, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis yooj yim nrhiav, thaum kawg ntawm tsab ntawv kuv yuav qhia qhov zais cia ntawm kev nrhiav nws =)

Cia peb saib ze dua, txawm li cas los xij, rau cov xov nws tus kheej. Ib qho tseem ceeb technical thiab artistic innovation ntawm lub tsev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm St. George's Cathedral yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ib tus neeg cov duab thiab cov duab, ua nyob rau hauv siab nyem, nrog cov ntaub pua plag zoo tshaj plaws ornamentation, npog ob lub dav hlau dawb ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los nyob ib ncig ntawm lub siab.. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm facades ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb vestibules ntawm St. George Cathedral, qhov chaw carved pob zeb, tua nyob rau hauv siab nyem, yog ua ke nrog tua ntawm planar cog ornament. Tib lub cev ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub pua plag nrog cov duab siab ntawm cov neeg ntseeg, tsiaj txhu thiab dab nyob rau qib thib ob ntawm facades.

Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob txoj hauv kev carving ntawm cov dav hlau loj ntawm facades yog technically nyuaj heev. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab nyem siab, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov pob zeb sib cais ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv cov masonry ntawm phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem no, kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev zoo li lub Koom Txoos ntawm Intercession nyob rau hauv lub Nerl: lub reliefs protruded rau lub du dav hlau ntawm phab ntsa. Tom qab ntawd, carving ntawm cov ntaub pua plag qauv pib, uas tau ua raws li cov phab ntsa uas twb tiav lawm, tsiv mus rau nws cov ntsiab lus architectural thiab braiding cov duab puab siab. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm carvers impeccable precision ntawm lub qhov muag thiab tes, unmistakable txav ntawm lub cutter, txij li thaum me ntsis yuam kev yuav irreparable. Cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws tau siv ua ntej nrog ib qho kev kos duab: qhov no tau pom meej meej nyob rau sab qab teb phab ntsa ntawm sab hnub poob vestibule, qhov kho kom zoo nkauj uas tseem tsis tau tiav. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob lub tshuab ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj carved xav tau nws qhov kev nthuav dav ua ntej thiab raug tsim, uas tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov pob zeb carved ua ntej, kom cov qauv txuam nrog lawv tuaj yeem nquag nthuav tawm nws cov ntsiab lus thaum mus txog qhov siab siab.

Cov qauv cog

Ntaub pua plag ornament

ntsej muag. Kuv xav tias puas muaj ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm tag nrho cov phiaj xwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no?

Sab saum toj ntawm lub portal tau muab tso rau hauv daim duab ntawm cov neeg dawb huv ntawm lub nroog thiab lub tuam tsev - St. George, hnav khaub ncaws tub rog armor thiab leaning ntawm ib tug siab hmuv thiab ib tug almond-zoo li daim ntaub thaiv npog nrog cov duab ntawm tsov txaij - lub cim ntawm lub dynasty. ntawm Vladimir princes.

Tsiaj:

Cov duab ntawm cov neeg dawb huv - patrons ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm. Qhov no series ntawm reliefs, raws li ib tug version, qhia lub ntsiab lub tswv yim ntawm cov kev pab cuam ntawm carved tsim ntawm lub tuam tsev: lub ntuj ceeb tsheej rog muab tshwj xeeb patronage rau lub Vladimir princes thiab lawv xaiv av.

Zaj dab neeg ntawm "Daniel nyob rau hauv tsov ntxhuav lub qhov"

Ntawm lub qhov rais nkaus xwb Daniel nrog outstretched ob txhais tes.

Nyob rau pem hauv ntej muaj ob tug tsov ntxhuav los ntawm qhov chaw

Tsuas yog tsib tseem nyob ntawm "Seven Youths of Ephesus". Cov no yog cov nuj nqis rov qab nrog "pob tawb"

Nyob ze ntawm tus ntxhw yog lwm tus ntawm cov hluas

Saum toj no - cov neeg ntseeg ntawm Deesis kev txiav txim

Deesis cov ntseeg

Zaj dab neeg "Peb cov hluas hauv lub qhov tsua"

Mus rau sab xis ntawm cov yeeb nkab saum toj, tus tub sab laug

Angel nyob hauv nruab nrab

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, sau no mosaic yog heev nthuav, tab sis incredibly nyuaj!

Ascension (?). Saum nws yog cov tsov ntxhuav qhov ncauj qhov ntswg.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Transfiguration

Peb Poj Niam ntawm Oranta

Ntau lub ntsej muag tsov ntxhuav thiab griffins

Thiab ntawm no yog tus ntxhw, koj tuaj yeem pom nws nyob rau sab qaum teb facade tsuas yog tom qab nce cov kauj ruam ntawm lub tuam tsev liab cib uas nyob sib ze.

Ntawm no yog ib lub tuam tsev zoo kawg nkaus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab outback.