Underground leaching ntawm hlau thiab megaliths li pov tseg ntawm paste thickening ntawm pob zeb

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 02:39

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, kuv yuav muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ib tug version uas, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm scale, rub tus tsab ntawv ntawm ib tug science ntawv tseeb zaj duab xis. Tab sis qhov amazing tshaj plaws txog nws yog tias peb kev vam meej twb tau mus txog cov technologies thiab siv lawv rau extraction ntawm polymetallic ore.

Tsis ntev los sis tom qab, ntau tus uas xav paub txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm megaliths muaj lus nug: yog tias cov no yog cov khoom seem, ces lawv tuaj yeem tsim los yog ua li cas? Tseeb, ntawm ib sab, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm geology, cov no yog syenites, granites, crystallized nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub ntiaj teb los yog nyob ze ntawm nws nto. Thiab cov pawg no nyob rau saum npoo, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no: phab ntsa, masonry los ntawm nyias pawg, ncej. Txhua yam yog los ntawm kev yaig ntawm cov pob zeb sedimentary. Qee zaum, lub hlwb paub tias qhov xwm txheej yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau ntawm no. Thiab nyob rau lwm lub sij hawm nws nrhiav tsis tau txawm tias ib qho lus teb kwv yees txog txoj hauv kev tsim qhov kev xav no. Txog tam sim no, qhov no tau tshwm sim rau kuv. Thiab ces muaj lus teb. Tsis hais txog cov kev xav ntawm geology, tab sis cov lus teb cuam tshuam nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse hauv peb lub ntiaj teb nrog cov thev naus laus zis uas peb nyuam qhuav tuaj txog. Yog li yuav ua li cas niaj hnub thev naus laus zis ntawm cov hlau tsuas thiab megaliths tuaj yeem sib cuam tshuam hauv lub npe ntawm kab lus no? Wb mus nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim.

1. Technology ntawm underground leaching ntawm polymetallic ores

Underground leaching - physicochemical txheej txheem ntawm extracting minerals (hlau thiab lawv cov ntsev) - xws li tooj liab, uranium, kub los yog lub rooj ntsev - los ntawm lub qhov dej drilled rau hauv lub deposit siv ntau yam kuab tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem pib nrog cov qhov dej drilling, cov khoom tawg lossis hydraulic fracturing kuj tseem siv tau los pab txhawb kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj rau hauv lub reservoir. Tom qab ntawd, cov kuab tshuaj (leaching agent) tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov dej los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov dej txhaj tshuaj, qhov twg nws ua ke nrog cov ore. Cov sib tov uas muaj cov yaj ore yog ces pumped los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis qhov mus rau qhov chaw uas nws yog muab rho tawm. Underground leaching yog ib qho kev xaiv rau qhib lub qhov thiab underground mining. Muab piv rau lawv, kev leaching hauv av tsis tas yuav muaj kev khawb lossis kev sib cuag ncaj qha ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog pob zeb ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Siv tau txawm nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj tsis zoo, nrog rau cov pob zeb sib sib zog nqus. Rau uranium, tsis muaj zog daws ntawm sulfuric acid los yog cov tshuaj hydrocarbons tuaj yeem siv. Rau cov kub, cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine nquag siv.

Tso tseg Soviet qhov dej uas tau siv rau hauv av leaching ntawm uranium, Czech koom pheej.

Thaj chaw nrog cov kav dej thiab cov twj tso kua mis rau hauv av leaching Kuv yuav tsis muab ntau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov haujlwm no:

NTAU NTAU TSHAJ PLAWS NTAWM LUB HOM PHIAJ NTAWM GOLD LEACH

Uranium PRODUCTION los ntawm underground LEACH METHOD

Underground leaching ntawm polyelement ore

Lwm lub npe rau hauv situ leaching txoj kev yog hydrometallurgy Kev sib cais ntawm cov hlau los ntawm ore, concentrates thiab cov khoom siv pov tseg siv cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm qee yam tshuaj (chemical reagents). Txoj kev paub qub tshaj plaws ntawm hydrometallurgy yog kev rho tawm ntawm tooj liab los ntawm ores ntawm Rio Tinto (Spain) hauv xyoo pua 16th. Tom qab ntawd, hydrometallurgical txoj kev rau extracting platinum (1827), npib tsib xee (1875), txhuas los ntawm bauxite (1892), kub (1889), zinc (1914), thiab lwm yam tau tsim thiab siv. Tam sim no, txoj kev no yog siv kom tau uranium, txhuas, kub, zinc, thiab lwm yam Niaj hnub no, txog 20% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no zus tau tej cov Cu, 50-80% ntawm Zn thiab Ni, 100% ntawm Al thiab U oxides, hlau Cd, Co thiab lwm yam hlau yog raws li hydrometallurgy. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm hydrometallurgy yog leaching (xws li heap leaching, underground leaching). Kuv xav tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv tshuab no yog qhov tseeb

Cov hlau cais tawm li cas los ntawm cov tshuaj no? Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem rau saum npoo kub leaching: sulfuric acid yog siv. Nyob rau hauv lub reagent department, mis nyuj ntawm txiv qaub yog npaj, cyanide, caustic soda, pyrosulfite yog yaj nyob rau hauv qhov yuav tsum tau kev faib ua feem thiab tag nrho cov no yog circulated los ntawm cov kav dej mus rau lub ORP (ore npaj department) thiab GMO (hydrometallurgical department). Lub pulp yog npaj los ntawm ORP thiab tawm mus rau flotation, los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau GMO rau kev rho tawm ntawm kub siv ib qho ion pauv resin.

2. Qhov tsua

Yog tias peb xav txog tias qee qhov kev tsim kev vam meej hauv ntiaj teb (cov qhua lossis cov neeg hauv paus txawm) siv qee yam zoo sib xws hauv lawv cov dej num, ces dab tsi yuav nyob twj ywm tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw, cov khoom siv hauv pob zeb tawg lossis tsuas yog cov pob zeb sedimentary? Kuv lub tswv yim yog qhov tsua. Kuv yuav muab piv txwv ntawm cov qhov tsua uas nyob ob peb kaum kilometers ntawm Koysky Belogorie ntawm Krasnoyarsk Territory, qhov twg, raws li twb tau qhia nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv no, megaliths nyob rau yuav luag txhua lub roob. Badzheyskaya qhov tsua, Krasnoyarsk Territory

Nkag, lossis qhov nqis mus rau hauv lub qhov tsua

Pebbles nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa nrog av nplaum raws li ib tug binder. Tsis muaj leej twg xav paub vim li cas cov pob zeb ntawm cov roob no yog pebble? Los yog pebble tsuas tsim cov vaults ntawm lub qhov tsua? Ib lo lus nug rau geologists. Lossis puas yuav muaj kev zam txim ntxiv txog hauv qab ntawm hiav txwv thaum ub? Tej zaum, thaum cov pob zeb tau ntxuav thiab cov tshuaj tau tso tawm ntawm lub roob uas siv cov thev naus laus zis hauv av, cov pob zeb no tau tsim? Cov. cov dej ntws thiab lub siab tau loj heev uas lawv tau ntxuav lub qhov tsua no rau hauv lub roob thiab dov cov pob zeb rau hauv pebbles.

Kuv tsis suav nrog lwm cov versions - qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no: toj thiab roob yog tsim los ntawm pebble pob zeb thiab cov dej ntxuav cov qhov tsua hauv lawv. Dej los ntawm saum toj no (da dej), los yog los ntawm hauv qab no thaum lub sij hawm cataclysms (qhov hluav taws xob ntawm underground reservoirs). Tab sis cov lus nug: leej twg muab cov pob zeb pebble rau hauv xws li cov toj loj loj tseem nyob. Nws yog tau hais tias pebbles yog ib yam khoom xwb nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua nws tus kheej. Nws tau nchuav dhau los ntawm cov kwj ntawm slurry mus los ntawm cov crevices. Tab sis kuv tab tom leaning rau thawj version, uas tso cai rau koj mus txuas cov qhov tsua thiab megaliths, uas, raws li Yach tau hais, nyob ze ntawm cov qhov tsua. Qhov no yog yog tias peb lees txais cov qauv nrog cov chaw txua txiag zeb loj thiab tias cov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov av hauv av leaching ntawm ore tuaj yeem siv los ntawm qee qhov kev tsim muaj zog yav dhau los ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, cov lus piav qhia yog qhov no: muaj ib tug tej yam installation ntawm lub toj, uas, muaj drilled ib tug qhov dej, pumped ib tug tov rau hauv nws, thiab ces pumped nws nrog yaj hlau. Muaj dej nyob hauv hav, nws puv dej me me. Cov lus nug yog nyob rau hauv chemistry, acids. Tom qab ntawd qhov tsim nyog tau raug cais tawm los ntawm kev daws teeb meem, cov txiaj ntsig slag yog thickened siv cov txheej txheem paste thickening thiab cov pawg tau khaws cia hauv megaliths. Peb khaws nws raws li qhov xav tau, tab sis qhov chaw nws hloov mus ua masonry, tab sis qhov chaw zoo li pancakes. Thiab qee qhov chaw muaj roob npog nrog syenite. Cov. Nyob rau hauv no version, lwm nthuav lus xaus tshwm: syenite thiab lwm yam granitoids tsis igneous pob zeb, tab sis crystallized ancient pob zeb, yaj nyob rau hauv chemistry. Cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li cog alum hauv kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate. Tsuas yog ntau yam minerals crystallized los ntawm cov tshuaj no.

Qhov tsua npaj. 6km zog

Tseem tsis tau muaj av nplaum petrified nyob ntawd, los ntawm cov neeg tuaj xyuas lub qhov tsua sculpt tej sculptures Thiab qhov no yog lub qhov tsua loj txiv ntoo, kuj nyob rau hauv cov chaw no:

58 km ntawm txoj kev Thiab kuj pebble nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb

Pob zeb nrog pob zeb

Petrified av nplaum nrog carbonates

Views ntawm lub roob uas lub qhov tsua nyob. Puas yog lawv txhua tus ua los ntawm gravel?

Ib qho ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub qhov tsua. Feem ntau, peb paub tsuas yog qee tus ntawm lawv. Kuv xav tias muaj cov qhov tsua uas tsis muaj kev tawm mus rau saum npoo.

3. Muab cov khoom pov tseg thickening (tailings) tom qab sib cais ntawm cov kua dej tawm ntawm lub plab

Koj ua dab tsi ntxiv? Tau kawg, kev rov qab los ntawm cov hlau: kev sib cais, flotation lossis lwm yam, tsis paub txog peb, cov ntsiab lus ntawm nag lossis daus thiab rov qab cov hlau los ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Tab sis dab tsi txog cov kua khib nyiab chemistry? Neutralize los yog koj tuaj yeem thicken (los yog cov tshuaj nws tus kheej thickens raws li neutralization). Tsab ntawv PLATES NTAWM LAKE SHIRA. KHAKASIYA Kuv tham txog cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no: Cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no rau cov khoom siv ore hnav khaub ncaws thickening. Paste thickening txhais tau hais tias es tsis txhob siv cov tailings un-thickened los ntawm lub concentrator mus rau lub tailings pov tseg, qhov paug ntawm cov thickener yog dewatered mus rau ib qho chaw uas tsis muaj slurry segregation tshwm sim thaum tailings stacking. "Thaum siv thev naus laus zis muab tshuaj txhuam, tailings tsim conical dumps, uas tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov tailings loj. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub tailing dumps yog ntau me dua piv rau cov tsoos tailing dumps, thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xau yog tsawg."

Cov tails ua kua yog hloov mus rau hauv tuab, khov slurry uas tuav nws cov duab. Dumps nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm toj yog tsim los ntawm nws. Xav tias cov khib nyiab no muaj acidic lossis alkaline Ph, cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg ntawm oxidation thiab txo qis mus ntxiv hauv lawv. Thaj, muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv, nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, kom cement cov khoom ntawm cov dumps mus rau hauv tag nrho pawg. Ntxiv mus, txheej yuav raug pom, qhia tsis tas horizontally.

Cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas qhov chaw lossis cov neeg muaj kev vam meej heev. Zoo li kuv tias thawj tus, tk. cov neeg hauv paus txawm nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yuav tsis tig mus rau hauv qhov chaw txua txiag zeb tas mus li. Thiab tam sim no, tom qab kev rho tawm ntawm cov hlau, lub pob zeb khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob Hauv qab no kuv tau khaws ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov lawv tuaj yeem ua nrog nws …

4. Piv txwv ntawm cov pob zeb loj uas, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, tau txais los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis hauv av leaching thiab paste thickening ntawm tailings:

Khudess labyrinth

Thaj chaw tau nchuav, maj mam thawb rov qab cov formwork.

Megaliths ntawm Koy Belogorie

Ib cheeb tsam tiaj tus ntawm Mount Vetrogon, qhov chaw khaws pob zeb tau tshwm sim ntawm ntug roob

ALTAI. MEGALITES OF MOUNTAIN Sinyukha

Ergaki Doused roob

Piv txwv tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv, muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv. Yog, ntawm qhov loj me. Tab sis qhov loj ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis sib piv nrog peb. Kuv tsis yog tib tug uas xav txog cov ntsiab cai zoo sib xws txog kev khawb hlau thaum ub. Ntawm no yog ib qho excerpt los ntawm ua haujlwm los ntawm A. Makhov Muaj tseeb, thev naus laus zis tau piav qhia txawv, txog tam sim no peb tsis paub. Tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias lub extraction ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm raug xa mus rau ib tug industrial scale twb yog ib qhov tseeb. Txhua yam yog pragmatic, tsis muaj kev ntseeg lossis kev ntseeg vaj tse hauv lawv qhov kev xav.