Video: Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Zoo Siab: vim li cas UNICEF lees paub cov menyuam Dutch ua qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb
2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06
Cov tsev kawm ntawv Dutch muab kev nplij siab, kev ywj pheej thiab kev thaj yeeb rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Qhov no txawm hais tias cov menyuam yaus mus kawm thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub xyoos, thiab qee qhov kev kawm tsis muaj chemistry thiab physics ib txwm muaj. Tab sis cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab lawv niam lawv txiv yeej ib txwm muaj kev xaiv ntawm dab tsi thiab yuav kawm li cas hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
“Peb muab peb txhais taw rau ntawm lub rooj thiab haus luam yeeb (luam yeeb) nrog cov kws qhia ntawv. Muaj kev xav ntawm kev ywj pheej kiag li, hais tias ib tug phooj ywg Dutch ntawm nws hnub kawm ntawv. Nws tus ntxhais tam sim no muaj 14 xyoos, thiab nws zoo siab tias lub kaw lus tau hloov pauv. Nws yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev kub ntxhov thiab kinks hauv kev kawm. Nws txawv tam sim no.
Hauv xyoo 2013, UNICEF lees paub cov menyuam Dutch ua qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Los ntawm kev sib piv, UK yog nyob rau hauv 16th qhov chaw, thiab lub teb chaws USA - nyob rau hauv 26th. Qib ntawm kev zoo siab tau raug ntsuas nyob rau hauv tsib pawg: kev noj qab haus huv, kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb, kev kawm, kev coj cwj pwm thiab kev pheej hmoo, hauv tsev thiab ib puag ncig. Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov kev ntshaw ntawm cov menyuam Dutch mus kawm ntawv.
The Daily Telegraph hu ua Dutch kev kawm system Stress-free schooling. Thiab cov neeg txawv teb chaws feem ntau hais tias nws coj "middle peasants". Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm nws?
1. Hauv Holland, yuav luag txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv yog pej xeem thiab nyiaj txiag los ntawm lub xeev. Yeej tsis muaj tsev kawm ntawv ntiav. Ob peb uas muaj nyob no feem ntau yog kev ntseeg. Tab sis txawm muaj, tus me nyuam muaj cai xaiv. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau ib lub tsev kawm ntawv Jewish thiab nyob twj ywm Catholic. Holland yog thaj av ntawm kev ywj pheej. Thaum tus me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog tshaj peb xyoos, cov niam txiv yuav tsum thov mus kawm ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem thov rau ntau tshaj tsib lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv koj cheeb tsam. Cov neeg Dutch tej zaum yuav tau sim mus kawm ntawv sab nraum cheeb tsam, tab sis txoj kev vam meej yog me me.
2. Cov menyuam yaus mus kawm ntawv txij li plaub xyoos. Tsis muaj leej twg tab tom tos rau xyoo kawm ntawv tom ntej. Yog hais tias ib tug me nyuam muaj plaub xyoos nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 25, ces nyob rau 26th nws twb nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 4-6 xyoo sib xyaw ua ke hauv tib chav kawm. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm no yog qhia cov menyuam yaus sib tham sib tham, sib tham, tsim kev txawj tsav tsheb, npaj kev sau ntawv thiab nyeem ntawv. Txhua yam tshwm sim hauv kev ua si. Yog tias tus menyuam muaj lub siab xav kawm qee yam kev kawm tob, nws tau muab cov cuab yeej rau kev loj hlob ywj pheej. Kuv nyeem tsis tau ntawv, tsis muaj leej twg yuav yuam. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm xya xyoo, cov me nyuam theem tawm.
3. Txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 10 xyoo nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv Dutch, tsis muaj ntawv ua tom tsev txhua. Rau cov Dutch, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov menyuam yaus siv lawv lub sijhawm tom qab tsev kawm ntawv ua si, yog li tsis muaj kev xeem thiab kev xeem ua ntej hnub nyoog 12 xyoos. Yog li ntawd, cov menyuam yaus tsis ntshai cov qhab nia phem thiab tsev kawm ntawv. Txoj kev no tsis suav nrog kev sib tw nrog ib leeg. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Dutch txoj kev kawm yog muab lub sijhawm rau tus menyuam kom txaus siab rau cov txheej txheem thiab qhia nws tus kheej. Cov niam txiv Dutch tsis ntiav cov kws qhia ntawv yog tias tus menyuam tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau. Lawv ntseeg tias kev ua tiav tsis yog ib txwm ua rau muaj kev zoo siab, tab sis kev zoo siab tuaj yeem coj tus neeg mus rau qhov ua tiav; hais tias ib tug neeg thiab nws tus kheej yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg, thiab tus me nyuam xav tau txoj cai los xaiv kom zoo siab.
4. Lub neej neeg laus hauv Holland pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos. Thaum kawg ntawm tsev kawm ntawv theem siab, cov menyuam kawm ntawv xeem uas txiav txim siab lawv txoj kev loj hlob yav tom ntej. Hauv kev xeem, lawv saib seb tus menyuam kawm lej kawm tau licas, nkag siab cov ntawv nyeem, nws nyeem tau sai npaum li cas thiab paub kev sau ntawv. Rau cov ntsuas no yog ntxiv cov kev xav ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv, kom qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yog subjective nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Piv txwv li, tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem kho qhov kev xeem, piav qhia los ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev xav thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm nws tus cwj pwm. Cov niam txiv feem ntau tso siab rau qhov kev txawj ntse no thiab mloog lub tsev kawm ntawv cov lus qhia. Yog li, lub tsev kawm ntawv txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawm ib tus menyuam yaus yuav nrhiav rau xyoo tom ntej raws li nws lub peev xwm hauv kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej.
5. Muaj kev xaiv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Tus menyuam raug coj los ntawm ib qho ntawm peb txoj kev kawm: VMBO, HAVO lossis VWO. Cov tsiaj ntawv no qhia txog qhov dav thiab qhov tob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Yog xav tau los ntawm tsev neeg thiab tus me nyuam lub peev xwm, qib tuaj yeem hloov kho siab dua. Tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem xa tus menyuam mus rau theem qis yog tias nws pom tias nws ua tsis tau zoo. Yog tias yooj yim npaum li qhov ua tau, cov txheej txheem zoo li no: VMBO (cov phiaj xwm yooj yim tshaj plaws) - koj yuav kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm qib siab ntawm 19 thiab ua haujlwm, HAVO - kawm tiav ntawm 21 thiab dhau los ua tus kws qhia ntawv, VWO - kawm tiav ntawm 22 thiab ua ib tug xibfwb nyob rau yav tom ntej.
6. 60% mus rau VMBO thiab mus kawm ntawv txog hnub nyoog 16 xyoo. Qhov no yog qhov cim nruab nrab, yog li tsev neeg tsis xav kom muaj kev ua tiav tshwj xeeb los ntawm tus menyuam. Nws yog vim li no tias Dutch system yog suav tias yog nruab nrab-chav kawm taw qhia. Ib tus kws qhia ntawv tau hais tias kev tswj hwm tsev kawm ntawv tau hais kom nws los tshuaj xyuas cov haujlwm uas tsis tau txais qib dhau los txhawm rau ntsuas qhov ntsuas no ntau dhau. Yog li txawm tias cov neeg ua tsis tiav xyoo tau nkag mus rau "qhov nruab nrab".
7. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv kom txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo, thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem kawm tau ob zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17 xyoo koj tuaj yeem mus rau gymnasium yog tias koj xav mus kawm tom tsev kawm ntawv. Thiab yog tias koj nkees ntawm kev lag luam, kev xav lossis biology, koj yuav tsum tau txais berup. Berup yog ib txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam kev zoo nkauj, ces koj mus kawm ntawv qib siab hauv txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb no thiab tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb no. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, cov me nyuam uas xaiv ib tug berup tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub neej sai. Thiab cov neeg uas mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab kawm rau hom lus, ces ntsib teeb meem hauv kev nrhiav haujlwm, vim hais tias hauv Holland cov neeg xav tau cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog lawv txhais tes. Cov neeg no yeej ib txwm muaj haujlwm: locksmiths, builders, thiab hais txog. Thiab lawv cov nyiaj hli feem ntau siab dua cov kws qhia ntawv uas muaj rau hom lus.
Txawm hais tias peb lees txais cov qauv ntawm "lub teb chaws ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab", qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev paub ntawm Dutch yog siab dua qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev paub hauv lwm lub tebchaws. Hauv qeb duas ntawm 200 lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb hais txog cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, Netherlands thib peb tom qab UK thiab Asmeskas.
Txoj kev kawm Dutch tau teeb tsa nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm ntawm kev kawm tiav cov tib neeg nrog kev kawm theem nrab thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab muab cov menyuam nyiam ntau yam kev xaiv hauv tsev kawm qib siab. Cov Dutch lees paub qhov pom tseeb: feem ntau yeej mus ua haujlwm hauv daim ntawv thov. Thiab lawv txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tebchaws. Thaum science yog txheej nqaim heev. Yog tias koj saib ntawm ib chav kawm hauv tsev kawm theem siab Lavxias, yuav muaj tsib tus tub ntxhais kawm zoo, peb tus tub ntxhais kawm txom nyem, thiab tus so raug cuam tshuam los ntawm peb mus rau plaub. Cov tswv yim no qhia txog Dutch VMBO, HAVO lossis VWO. Txawm hais tias yav dhau los yuav tsis muaj chemistry txhua, tom kawg yuav muaj peb zaj lus qhia hauv ib lub lis piam. Yog li txij li thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos nws tau pom tseeb tias nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab kom muaj kev vam meej hauv kev lag luam tshuaj los ntawm tus menyuam lossis tsis yog.
Nws ntseeg tau tias Dutch system tsis txhawb nqa, teeb tsa kev cia siab tsawg heev los ntawm qhov pib. Kuv ntseeg tias nws ua rau tus menyuam nkag siab tias nws ua haujlwm ntau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws yuav muaj feem ntau dua. Thiab qhov no, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, txhawb lub luag haujlwm rau lawv tus kheej yav tom ntej.
Pom zoo:
Lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv kawm, cov chav kawm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv
Leej twg hla qhov pib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb no yuav hloov pauv lawv tus cwj pwm mus rau kev kawm, cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm, vim tias tsis yog cov chav kawm ib txwm muaj cov rooj thiab lub rooj ua haujlwm dub, muaj chav ua si thiab cov chaw ua si, thiab tsis yog cov kws qhia, muaj cov kws qhia uas koom nrog. cov menyuam yaus ua si, sib tham txog cov ncauj lus uas lawv nyiam
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Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, 2017, Reykvjavik tau tuav lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb hu ua "Cov menyuam yaus, lub sijhawm siv rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus, thiab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv wireless", uas tau koom nrog cov kws tshaj lij hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, oncologist, kws qhia ntawv thiab ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub rooj sib tham, cov neeg tuaj koom, ntawm lawv cov kws kho mob ntawm kev kho mob thiab kev tshawb fawb, tau kos npe rau kev thov qhib rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thoob ntiaj teb. Ntau tshaj li ib puas kos npe raug tso tseg nyob rau hauv qhov kev thov rov hais dua